US1921363A - Process for treating fibers - Google Patents

Process for treating fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
US1921363A
US1921363A US550292A US55029231A US1921363A US 1921363 A US1921363 A US 1921363A US 550292 A US550292 A US 550292A US 55029231 A US55029231 A US 55029231A US 1921363 A US1921363 A US 1921363A
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Prior art keywords
fibers
bath
water
borax
casein
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Expired - Lifetime
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US550292A
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Lefranc Georges
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to NL50344D priority Critical patent/NL50344C/xx
Priority to NL29727D priority patent/NL29727C/xx
Priority to FR704480D priority patent/FR704480A/en
Priority claimed from GB200930A external-priority patent/GB346055A/en
Priority to DE1930578562D priority patent/DE578562C/en
Priority to US430461A priority patent/US1861927A/en
Priority claimed from US430461A external-priority patent/US1861927A/en
Priority to US550292A priority patent/US1921363A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1921363A publication Critical patent/US1921363A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/17—Natural resins, resinous alcohols, resinous acids, or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/80—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides
    • D06M11/82—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with boron or compounds thereof, e.g. borides with boron oxides; with boric, meta- or perboric acids or their salts, e.g. with borax
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/15—Proteins or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions

Definitions

  • emulsifying agents are sulphoricinoleates, or in most recent practice', other substances which like those above specified, are derived from the sulphonic acids group.
  • the attack may be so rapid, under favorable temperatures or other conditions that, for example, it is not possible to export to tropical countries artificial silks sized by these processes, since the threads are found to be completely destroyed on arrival at their destination.
  • a specimen A of viscose silk has been treated with a size of ordinary composition.
  • a specimen B of the same quality has been subjected to similar treatment but without the use of Turkey red oil.
  • the object of this invention is to obviate the employment, for sizing textile fibers and more particularly fibers of vegetable origin, of any substance liable to attack these fibers, including artificial silk, with a view to enabling the sized fibers to be exported to and used in tropical countries.
  • the invention absolutely avoids the use of sulphoricinates and other'sulphonated compounds as emulsifying agents for the preparation of emulsions to be employed as sizes.
  • emulsions of oils, fats, resin or mixtures of the substances in a dispersion of casein, gelatin or shellac or a mixture of these substances are employed for this treatment.
  • dispersion agents alkaline borates Serial No. 550,292
  • a soluble silicate so as to set up a reaction with the borate.
  • the reaction product forms a colloids solution changed by desiccation to a gel which is irreversible in Water at normal atmospheric temperatures.
  • the granules of this gel present in addition an electrification of the surface of the same sign.
  • the fibers repel one another during'drying and in this way sticking together of the fibers is avoided without detriment to the sizing.
  • Borax may advantageously be used as the dispersion; agent for avoiding adhesion of the threads. Casein swollen by steeping for several hours in water is therefore added to the borax solution. After a time (not exceeding two hours) the dispersion will have been completed. This solution is added gradually to fatty or resinous substances with regular agitation so as to obtain a thick homogeneous mass readily emulsifiable in an excess of water. The preservation of the flexibility brilliance and color of the fiber depends on the choice of the substances emulsified. Gum mastic dissolved in castor oil gives excellent results from this point of view. The sizes tend to become rather sticky or tacky in the neighborhood of 40 C. but this objection is easily overcome by substituting a vegetable fat such as palm oil in place of part of the castor oil. After standing.
  • emulsions thus prepared according to the invention disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 430,461 are employed for sizing fibers from different sources, either in a single bath, or by passing the fibers from the sizing bath through a deglutinating bath particularly when very fine fibers are being treated.
  • the second bath can be of low concentration and the time of treatment of short duration.
  • the deglutinating baths-employed in carrying out the process are composed of formates, acetates and sulphocyanides of metals such as calciuml zinc, aluminium or lead.
  • composition is hereinafter given of some emulsions complying with the characteristic above specified.
  • Example 1 grammes Palm oil 50 Casein 10 Alkali (ammonia) 25 Distilled water 100 Borax 5 c. c. s. Commercial solution of silicate of soda 20 This size gives the fiber a mat appearance. The weight is increased 10%.
  • Example 2 grammes Colophony 10 Cocoa-nut oil 25 Casein 3 Soda lye 4 Distilled water 1, 000 Borax 1 C. C. S. Commercial solution of silicate of soda 20 This gives a more brilliant sizing than Example 1 and increases the weight 10%.
  • the hanks are steeped in the bath which is stirred either by hand or mechanically during from one to three hours. After complete draining the hanks pass to a second bath of one of the three compositions as follows.
  • Example 3 grammes Aluminum acetate 1 Acetate of lime l Acetic acid s 1 Distilled water 100
  • Example 4 grammes Aluminum sulphocyanide 10 Acetic acid 1 Distilled water 100
  • Example 5 grammes Lead acetate 5 Acetic acid 1 Distilled water 100
  • the fiber is left in the second bath for a period of from half an hour to 0ne-hour and then dried.
  • the fibers are well sized and can be readily wound in skeins. They are resistant to the effects of high temperatures.
  • Example 6 grammes Gum mastic 24 Castor oil 12 Palm oil 12 Borax 6 Distilled water 200 Casein 8 Distilled water 100 ⁇ Commercial solution of silicate of soda 5 Distilled water 500
  • the soaked casein is added to the solution of borax and after standing for from two to four hours, the mixture is added little by little to the solution of the gum in the oils, the two ingredients of the emulsion being brought to the same temperature.
  • the dilute solution of silicate of soda is added the mixture is .ployed without a second bath particularly for sizing threads of good quality. Afterdraining the threads are dried at a temperature of about 60 C. The threads fall apart during this operation.
  • the deglutination of the threads can be completely effected, before drying, by immersion -for 5 to 30 minutes in a bath of one of the solutions as given in Examples 3, 4, and 5.
  • Example 7 grammes Gum mastic 60 Linseed oil 30 Palm oil 3 0 Borax 20 Water 300 Casein 10 Water 100 Silicate of soda v 10 Water 500 Made up to final volume of two litres.
  • Example 8 grammes Gum mastic 30 Castor oil 30 Orange shellac 20 Borax 40 Water 400 Silicate of soda 5 Made up to two litres.
  • Example 9 grammes Gum mastic 30 Castor oil 30 Japan wax 20 Borax 40 Water 400 Soda lye 6 Casein 26 Water 100 Silicate of soda Made up to two litres.
  • Process of treating vegetable and animal fibers which consists in first treating the fibers in a sizing bath, comprising drying oils, casein, borax and water, of an oleatic emulsion free from sulphonated compounds using alkaline borates as dispersion agents with the addition of a soluble silicate; then passing the thus treated fibers through a deglutinating bath.
  • Process of treating vegetable and animal fibers which consists in first treating the fibers in a sizing bath, comprising drying oils, casein, borax and water, of an oleatic emulsion free from sulphonated compounds using alkaline borates as dispersion agents with the addition of a soluble silicate; then passing the thus treated fibers through a deglutinating bath of low'concentration for a short time.
  • Process of treating vegetable and animal fibers which consists in first treating the fibers in a sizing bath, of an oleatic emulsion free from sulphonated compounds using alkaline borates as dispersion agents with the addition of a soluble silicate; then passing the thus treated fibers through a fixing bath of low concentration for a short time, said fixing bath comprising one of the group of compounds consisting of formates,

Description

Patented Aug. 8, 1933 UNITED STATES 1,921,363 ICE PATENT OFF No Drawing. Original application February 21, 1930, Serial No. 430,461, and in France January 11, 1930. Divided and this application July 11,
3 Claims.
It is known that for sizing textile fibers emulsions of fatty or resinous substances are usually employed. The most usual emulsifying agents are sulphoricinoleates, or in most recent practice', other substances which like those above specified, are derived from the sulphonic acids group.
For sizing fibers of animal origin these emulsions do not present any disadvantage but this is not the case when vegetable fibers are thus treated. In fact cotton and its products such as artificial silk may indeed be injured or destroyed by such agents owing to hydrolytic action.
The attack may be so rapid, under favorable temperatures or other conditions that, for example, it is not possible to export to tropical countries artificial silks sized by these processes, since the threads are found to be completely destroyed on arrival at their destination.
An example is hereinafter given which shows to what degree the resistance and tensile strength of vegetable fiber is changed by the action of these agents. l
A specimen A of viscose silk has been treated with a size of ordinary composition. A specimen B of the same quality has been subjected to similar treatment but without the use of Turkey red oil.
The samples and a standard thread after being kept for three weeks at a temperature of C.
showed the following resistances:
Resistance g gigg In dry atphere mosphero Standard sample not tr [ed 1. 095 1. 025 Sample A 0. 510 O. 570 l. 095 l. 045
In a like experiment, commercial samples of.
sized artificial silk have been found to lose up to 80% of their resistance.
The object of this invention is to obviate the employment, for sizing textile fibers and more particularly fibers of vegetable origin, of any substance liable to attack these fibers, including artificial silk, with a view to enabling the sized fibers to be exported to and used in tropical countries.
In particular the invention absolutely avoids the use of sulphoricinates and other'sulphonated compounds as emulsifying agents for the preparation of emulsions to be employed as sizes.
According to this invention emulsions of oils, fats, resin or mixtures of the substances in a dispersion of casein, gelatin or shellac or a mixture of these substances are employed for this treatment. As dispersion agents alkaline borates Serial No. 550,292
are employed. In order to obtain a neutral sodium or ammonium borate it is necessary to add to borax some soda lye or alkali (ammonia).
To the emulsion thus obtained, there is added, according to requirements, a soluble silicate so as to set up a reaction with the borate. By reason of the presence of protective colloids in the emu.- sion, the reaction product forms a colloids solution changed by desiccation to a gel which is irreversible in Water at normal atmospheric temperatures. The granules of this gel present in addition an electrification of the surface of the same sign. By reason of this superficial. ionic charge the fibers repel one another during'drying and in this way sticking together of the fibers is avoided without detriment to the sizing.
The casein provides the strongest sizes. Borax may advantageously be used as the dispersion; agent for avoiding adhesion of the threads. Casein swollen by steeping for several hours in water is therefore added to the borax solution. After a time (not exceeding two hours) the dispersion will have been completed. This solution is added gradually to fatty or resinous substances with regular agitation so as to obtain a thick homogeneous mass readily emulsifiable in an excess of water. The preservation of the flexibility brilliance and color of the fiber depends on the choice of the substances emulsified. Gum mastic dissolved in castor oil gives excellent results from this point of view. The sizes tend to become rather sticky or tacky in the neighborhood of 40 C. but this objection is easily overcome by substituting a vegetable fat such as palm oil in place of part of the castor oil. After standing.
for two hours a dilute solution of silicate ofsoda is added and the mixture is diluted with water and filtered twice through a filter of fine silk.
The emulsions thus prepared according to the invention disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 430,461, are employed for sizing fibers from different sources, either in a single bath, or by passing the fibers from the sizing bath through a deglutinating bath particularly when very fine fibers are being treated.
In this case the second bath can be of low concentration and the time of treatment of short duration.
- In the composition of the deglutinating bath no substance is employed which might detrimcntally affect the resistance of the fibers either directly or by hydrolysis which can easily be set up in hot or humid climates. I
The deglutinating baths-employed in carrying out the process are composed of formates, acetates and sulphocyanides of metals such as calciuml zinc, aluminium or lead.
By way of example and not by way of limitation the composition is hereinafter given of some emulsions complying with the characteristic above specified.
Example 1 grammes Palm oil 50 Casein 10 Alkali (ammonia) 25 Distilled water 100 Borax 5 c. c. s. Commercial solution of silicate of soda 20 This size gives the fiber a mat appearance. The weight is increased 10%.
Example 2 grammes Colophony 10 Cocoa-nut oil 25 Casein 3 Soda lye 4 Distilled water 1, 000 Borax 1 C. C. S. Commercial solution of silicate of soda 20 This gives a more brilliant sizing than Example 1 and increases the weight 10%.
The hanks are steeped in the bath which is stirred either by hand or mechanically during from one to three hours. After complete draining the hanks pass to a second bath of one of the three compositions as follows.
Example 3 grammes Aluminum acetate 1 Acetate of lime l Acetic acid s 1 Distilled water 100 Example 4 grammes Aluminum sulphocyanide 10 Acetic acid 1 Distilled water 100 Example 5 grammes Lead acetate 5 Acetic acid 1 Distilled water 100 The fiber is left in the second bath for a period of from half an hour to 0ne-hour and then dried. The fibers are well sized and can be readily wound in skeins. They are resistant to the effects of high temperatures.
Example 6 grammes Gum mastic 24 Castor oil 12 Palm oil 12 Borax 6 Distilled water 200 Casein 8 Distilled water 100 {Commercial solution of silicate of soda 5 Distilled water 500 The soaked casein is added to the solution of borax and after standing for from two to four hours, the mixture is added little by little to the solution of the gum in the oils, the two ingredients of the emulsion being brought to the same temperature. After standing for two hours the dilute solution of silicate of soda is added the mixture is .ployed without a second bath particularly for sizing threads of good quality. Afterdraining the threads are dried at a temperature of about 60 C. The threads fall apart during this operation. The deglutination of the threads can be completely effected, before drying, by immersion -for 5 to 30 minutes in a bath of one of the solutions as given in Examples 3, 4, and 5.
Example 7 grammes Gum mastic 60 Linseed oil 30 Palm oil 3 0 Borax 20 Water 300 Casein 10 Water 100 Silicate of soda v 10 Water 500 Made up to final volume of two litres.
Example 8 grammes Gum mastic 30 Castor oil 30 Orange shellac 20 Borax 40 Water 400 Silicate of soda 5 Made up to two litres.
. Example 9 grammes Gum mastic 30 Castor oil 30 Japan wax 20 Borax 40 Water 400 Soda lye 6 Casein 26 Water 100 Silicate of soda Made up to two litres.
I claim:
1. Process of treating vegetable and animal fibers, which consists in first treating the fibers in a sizing bath, comprising drying oils, casein, borax and water, of an oleatic emulsion free from sulphonated compounds using alkaline borates as dispersion agents with the addition of a soluble silicate; then passing the thus treated fibers through a deglutinating bath.
2. Process of treating vegetable and animal fibers, which consists in first treating the fibers in a sizing bath, comprising drying oils, casein, borax and water, of an oleatic emulsion free from sulphonated compounds using alkaline borates as dispersion agents with the addition of a soluble silicate; then passing the thus treated fibers through a deglutinating bath of low'concentration for a short time. i
3. Process of treating vegetable and animal fibers, which consists in first treating the fibers in a sizing bath, of an oleatic emulsion free from sulphonated compounds using alkaline borates as dispersion agents with the addition of a soluble silicate; then passing the thus treated fibers through a fixing bath of low concentration for a short time, said fixing bath comprising one of the group of compounds consisting of formates,
acetates and sulphocyanides of calcium, zinc,
aluminium and lead.
GEORGES LEFRANC.
US550292A 1930-01-11 1931-07-11 Process for treating fibers Expired - Lifetime US1921363A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL29727D NL29727C (en) 1930-01-11
NL50344D NL50344C (en) 1930-01-11
FR704480D FR704480A (en) 1930-01-11 1930-01-11 Preparation of emulsions for sizing textile fibers
DE1930578562D DE578562C (en) 1930-01-11 1930-01-28 Method for sizing textile fibers
US430461A US1861927A (en) 1930-01-11 1930-02-21 Preparation of emulsions for sizing textile fibers
US550292A US1921363A (en) 1930-01-11 1931-07-11 Process for treating fibers

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1861927X 1930-01-11
GB200930A GB346055A (en) 1930-01-20 1930-01-20 Preparation of emulsions for sizing textile fibres
US430461A US1861927A (en) 1930-01-11 1930-02-21 Preparation of emulsions for sizing textile fibers
US550292A US1921363A (en) 1930-01-11 1931-07-11 Process for treating fibers

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US1921363A true US1921363A (en) 1933-08-08

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US550292A Expired - Lifetime US1921363A (en) 1930-01-11 1931-07-11 Process for treating fibers

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US (1) US1921363A (en)
DE (1) DE578562C (en)
FR (1) FR704480A (en)
NL (2) NL50344C (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2588340A (en) * 1948-09-20 1952-03-11 Armstrong Cork Co Manufacture of fiber gasket material
US2711376A (en) * 1949-06-25 1955-06-21 Thomas C Whitner Preparation and use of sericeous solutions
WO2014147459A1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-25 N.O.M. Coatings Sia Composition of artificial hair and production method thereof
BE1021634B1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2015-12-21 N.O.M. Coatings S.I.A. COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL STRENGTHS AND ITS METHOD OF PRODUCTION

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2588340A (en) * 1948-09-20 1952-03-11 Armstrong Cork Co Manufacture of fiber gasket material
US2711376A (en) * 1949-06-25 1955-06-21 Thomas C Whitner Preparation and use of sericeous solutions
WO2014147459A1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-25 N.O.M. Coatings Sia Composition of artificial hair and production method thereof
BE1021634B1 (en) * 2013-03-20 2015-12-21 N.O.M. Coatings S.I.A. COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL STRENGTHS AND ITS METHOD OF PRODUCTION
US10876251B2 (en) 2013-03-20 2020-12-29 Goodwell Sino Trading Limited Composition of artificial hair and production method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR704480A (en) 1931-05-20
NL50344C (en)
NL29727C (en)
DE578562C (en) 1933-06-15

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