US1903255A - Antiknock fuel - Google Patents
Antiknock fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1903255A US1903255A US378582A US37858229A US1903255A US 1903255 A US1903255 A US 1903255A US 378582 A US378582 A US 378582A US 37858229 A US37858229 A US 37858229A US 1903255 A US1903255 A US 1903255A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cymene
- para
- gasoline
- knock
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 9
- HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cymene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HFPZCAJZSCWRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 241000779819 Syncarpia glomulifera Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000001739 pinus spp. Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940036248 turpentine Drugs 0.000 description 9
- 229930007927 cymene Natural products 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 2-amino cymene Chemical compound 0.000 description 5
- 241000218657 Picea Species 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000007173 Abies balsamea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004857 Balsam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000018716 Impatiens biflora Species 0.000 description 4
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000382509 Vania Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
Definitions
- My invention relates to anti-knock fuel, that is to say, a mixture containing gasoline which is suitable for use in high compression explosion engines.
- My new fuel comprises a mixture of gasoline and para-cymene.
- Para-cymene is present in large quantities in sulfite spruce and balsam turpentine which is a by-product of the sulfite Wood pulp industry, for which no large industrial use has been found heretofore.
- This turpentine may be submitted to distillation with superheated steam in an apparatus arranged to permit the vapors to pass through a 10-25% solution of sodium carbonate or other suitable alkali solution, and then into the condenser, the solution serving to neutralize any acid which might be carried along with the vapors.
- the oil may be separated from the distillate by means of a separatory funnel, dried over calcium chloride and then fractionated.
- the fraction which distils off at 17 5180 C. consists' of, or contains, the bulk of the paracymene present in the turpentine.
- Paracymene is about twice as effective as benzol in producing an anti-knock fuel and possesses the particularly desirable feature that its boiling point lies at 17 5180 0., thus making it possible to use in admixture with paracymene anti-knock compounds of low boiling point, for instance, benzol, if para-cymene cannot be obtained in suflicient quantities or if its price should become higher than that of the low boiling compounds. It possesses the further highly advantageous characteristic of having its freezing point at 73.5 0.,
- para-cymene to gasoline
- the proportion which I have 'ven is suitable for what is known as Pennsy Vania gasoline.
- the roportion of para-cymene may be reduce if care is taken to avoid elimination,
- para-cymene I may use one or more derivatives of para-cymene, for instance, Q-amino cymene prepared from paracymene by a well known process of nitration and subsequent reduction. After such nitration and reduction the final product may contain a substantial amount of 3-amino cymene, that is to say,-may consist of a mixture 7 of 2-amino cymene and 3-amino cymene.
- This mixture, or 2-amino cymene alone is about 85% as effective as anilin, that is to say, a satisfactory anti-knock fuel can be obtained by adding to 16 parts by volume of Pennsylvania gasoline 1 part by volume of such mixture or substance.
- this mixture or substance may be reduced if benzol or some other anti-knock compound is added to the gasoline.
- the advantage of using 2-amino cymene is that it is soluble in gasoline in all proportions, whereas anilin is soluble in gasoline only to the extent of 7% by volume.
- I may also, if desired, use as the, anti-knock compound sulfite spruce or balsam turpentine from which sulfur dioxide gas, acids and pitch have been removed but from which the unsaturated compounds naturally present have not been removed.
- para-cymene I intend to include in such expression as equivalents 2-amino cymene, 3-amino cymene and sulfite spruce turpentine or sulfite balsam turpentine from which acids, pitch and 95 sulfur dioxide gas have been removed or any other derivative of para-cymene which is useful as an anti-knock compound, all of Which act in a manner equivalent to paracymene as an anti-knock ingredient;' and 1 0 when I refer to spruce turpentine I intend to include as an equivalent, balsam turpentine. 1
- an anti-knock fuel suitable for use in internal combustion engines a mixture of gasoline and para-cymene, the latter substance being present in a proportion of more than 2% by volume of the total mixture.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 28, 1933 UNITED STATES FRANK I. BUSGH, OF ERIE, PENNSYLVANIA ANTIKNOCK FnEL No Drawing. Application filed July 15,
My invention relates to anti-knock fuel, that is to say, a mixture containing gasoline which is suitable for use in high compression explosion engines. My new fuel comprises a mixture of gasoline and para-cymene.
Para-cymene is present in large quantities in sulfite spruce and balsam turpentine which is a by-product of the sulfite Wood pulp industry, for which no large industrial use has been found heretofore. This turpentine may be submitted to distillation with superheated steam in an apparatus arranged to permit the vapors to pass through a 10-25% solution of sodium carbonate or other suitable alkali solution, and then into the condenser, the solution serving to neutralize any acid which might be carried along with the vapors. The oil may be separated from the distillate by means of a separatory funnel, dried over calcium chloride and then fractionated. The fraction which distils off at 17 5180 C. consists' of, or contains, the bulk of the paracymene present in the turpentine.
To four parts by volume of gasoline I ad one part by volume of para-cymene and thus obtain a satisfactory anti-knock fuel. Paracymene is about twice as effective as benzol in producing an anti-knock fuel and possesses the particularly desirable feature that its boiling point lies at 17 5180 0., thus making it possible to use in admixture with paracymene anti-knock compounds of low boiling point, for instance, benzol, if para-cymene cannot be obtained in suflicient quantities or if its price should become higher than that of the low boiling compounds. It possesses the further highly advantageous characteristic of having its freezing point at 73.5 0.,
which makes it particularly suitable for admixture with gasoline intended for use at very low temperatures, such, for instance, as
are encountered in flying. The exact proportion of para-cymene to gasoline will depend upon the particular quality of gasoline used. The proportion which I have 'ven is suitable for what is known as Pennsy Vania gasoline. The roportion of para-cymene may be reduce if care is taken to avoid elimination,
as far as possible, during the distillation 1929. Serial No. 378,582.
process, of unsaturated hydrocarbons present in the sulfite spruce turpentine. The exact proportion of the para-cymene, whether used alone or in admixture with other anti-knock compounds, may readily be determined by varying the proportions and by test determiningwhich proportion produces a satisfactory anti-knock fuel. Of course, in determining the proper proportion the conditions under which the fuel is to be used, for instance, the degree of compression in the engine, may have to be taken into consideration.
Instead of para-cymene I may use one or more derivatives of para-cymene, for instance, Q-amino cymene prepared from paracymene by a well known process of nitration and subsequent reduction. After such nitration and reduction the final product may contain a substantial amount of 3-amino cymene, that is to say,-may consist of a mixture 7 of 2-amino cymene and 3-amino cymene. This mixture, or 2-amino cymene alone, is about 85% as effective as anilin, that is to say, a satisfactory anti-knock fuel can be obtained by adding to 16 parts by volume of Pennsylvania gasoline 1 part by volume of such mixture or substance. Of course, the proportion of this mixture or substance may be reduced if benzol or some other anti-knock compound is added to the gasoline. The advantage of using 2-amino cymene is that it is soluble in gasoline in all proportions, whereas anilin is soluble in gasoline only to the extent of 7% by volume. I may also, if desired, use as the, anti-knock compound sulfite spruce or balsam turpentine from which sulfur dioxide gas, acids and pitch have been removed but from which the unsaturated compounds naturally present have not been removed.
When in my claim I refer to para-cymene I intend to include in such expression as equivalents 2-amino cymene, 3-amino cymene and sulfite spruce turpentine or sulfite balsam turpentine from which acids, pitch and 95 sulfur dioxide gas have been removed or any other derivative of para-cymene which is useful as an anti-knock compound, all of Which act in a manner equivalent to paracymene as an anti-knock ingredient;' and 1 0 when I refer to spruce turpentine I intend to include as an equivalent, balsam turpentine. 1
I claim:
As an anti-knock fuel suitable for use in internal combustion engines, a mixture of gasoline and para-cymene, the latter substance being present in a proportion of more than 2% by volume of the total mixture.
FRANK E. L. BUSCH.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US378582A US1903255A (en) | 1929-07-15 | 1929-07-15 | Antiknock fuel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US378582A US1903255A (en) | 1929-07-15 | 1929-07-15 | Antiknock fuel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1903255A true US1903255A (en) | 1933-03-28 |
Family
ID=23493703
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US378582A Expired - Lifetime US1903255A (en) | 1929-07-15 | 1929-07-15 | Antiknock fuel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1903255A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100281845A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2010-11-11 | Neil Stephen Renninger | Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same |
US20100281846A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2010-11-11 | Neil Stephen Renninger | Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same |
-
1929
- 1929-07-15 US US378582A patent/US1903255A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100281845A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2010-11-11 | Neil Stephen Renninger | Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same |
US20100281846A1 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2010-11-11 | Neil Stephen Renninger | Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same |
US7935156B2 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2011-05-03 | Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc. | Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same |
US7942940B2 (en) * | 2006-11-21 | 2011-05-17 | Amyris Biotechnologies, Inc. | Jet fuel compositions and methods of making and using same |
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