US1901563A - Copper oxide rectifier - Google Patents

Copper oxide rectifier Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1901563A
US1901563A US135899A US13589926A US1901563A US 1901563 A US1901563 A US 1901563A US 135899 A US135899 A US 135899A US 13589926 A US13589926 A US 13589926A US 1901563 A US1901563 A US 1901563A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
layer
oxide
copper
metal
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US135899A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jr Eorge F Martin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL21710D priority Critical patent/NL21710C/xx
Priority to BE344525D priority patent/BE344525A/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US135899A priority patent/US1901563A/en
Priority to DES78574D priority patent/DE533446C/de
Priority to FR640946D priority patent/FR640946A/fr
Priority to GB24443/27A priority patent/GB277684A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1901563A publication Critical patent/US1901563A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
    • H10D48/00—Individual devices not covered by groups H10D1/00 - H10D44/00
    • H10D48/01—Manufacture or treatment
    • H10D48/07—Manufacture or treatment of devices having bodies comprising cuprous oxide [Cu2O] or cuprous iodide [CuI]
    • H10D48/071—Preparation of the foundation plate, preliminary treatment oxidation of the foundation plate or reduction treatment
    • H10D48/075—Reduction of the copper oxide or treatment of the oxide layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
    • H01L21/02521—Materials
    • H01L21/02565—Oxide semiconducting materials not being Group 12/16 materials, e.g. ternary compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02104—Forming layers
    • H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
    • H01L21/02612—Formation types
    • H01L21/02614—Transformation of metal, e.g. oxidation, nitridation

Definitions

  • My invention relates to the general class f rectifiers which utilize the asymmetrical urrent-carrying qualities of the junction beween a metal and a compound thereof, such LS an oxide or sulphide.
  • my invention relates to ropper-oxide rectifier-s, which have been found very advantageous in practice, and 1s firected to methods and means for improvng the neutral or non-rectifying contact be- ;ween the oxide layer and a terminal mem- Jer, the rectifying qualities being developed it the contact between the mother metal and the layer of oxide formed thereon.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a metal blank or disc from which my rectifier element is formed;
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view therethrough showing, in exaggerated form, the condition of the cuprous and cupric oxide layers after the heating of the blank in air;
  • Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the con dition of the device after the reduction of the outer or cupric-oxide layer.
  • Fig. 4 is a similar view showing a plurality of the discs which have been further treated and assembled to provide a rectifying device, as will
  • a clean copper blank 5 which may be in the form of a circular washer, as shown in Fig. 1, is heated in air, or in an atmosphere containing oxygen, to produce a sufficiently thick oxide coating thereon, the temperature of the heat treatment varying between about 500 C. to the melting point of copper, according to different methods of preparation, although lower temperatures may be utilized within the scope of my invention.
  • the heat treatment causes the oxidation of the mother metal of the copper blank to produce an inner layer of red oxide of copper, or cuprous oxide, adjacent to the mother metal, and a thin outer layer of black! high-resistance oxide, or cupric oxide, over the outside of the cuprous-oxide layer.
  • the oxidized copper blank thus prepared is known to have rectifying qualities, trans- As has be subsequently described.
  • cupricoxide layer makes a neutral, or non-rectifying, contact with the cuprous-oxide layer, and, as the cupric oxide has a resistance, it is undesirable.
  • Various means and methods have been utilized for remov ing the cupric-oxide layer and for making a neutral, or non-rectifying, contact with the cuprous oxide.
  • the cupric-oxide layer is removed, and a good neutral electrical contact is made with the cuprous oxide in a single operation, by the expedient of reducing the cupric-oxide layer to provide a layer of reduced copper in intimate contact with the cuprous-oxide layer.
  • the contact between the reduced-copper layer and the cuprous-oxide layer is such that-no detectable rectifying qualities can be observed in such contact.
  • the metallic copper so formed comprises a firmly adherent film which makes an excellent contact with the cuprous-oxide layer of the rectifier.
  • the discs After the preparation of the discs, as hereinabove described, they are treated, by any suitable means, such as sand blasting, to remove the layers of oxide and reduced copper from one side of the blank and, preferably, also from the side edges thereof. A plurality of the discs thus treated may be superposed to provide a rectifier which is.
  • oil in this case, being a mineral oil having a parafline base.
  • cuprous oxide the inner layer of red oxide
  • cupric oxide the outer layer of black oxide
  • cuprous and cupric in the specification and claims, to refer to these oxide layers, I do not mean to specify that either layer is a pure, homogeneous compound, or that cupric oxide or eve normally unstable oxides may not be at mixed in the layer which I designate a cuprous oxide.
  • the step in the method of preparing a unidirectional current-carrying device which comprises quenching a hot oxidized metal electrode in oil.
  • the step in the method of preparing a unidirectional current carrying device which comprises quenching a hot oxidized copper electrode in oil.
  • the step in the method of preparing a unidirectional current-carrying device which comprises treating a hot xidized copper electrode at the critical temperature in an agent which is decomposable at the temperature of said heated electrode to provide a reducing agent capable of forming a layer of reduced metal on the oxide layer.
  • the method of preparing a unidirectional current-carrying device which comprises forming a layer of oxidized metal on the mother metal of. a metallic electrode, heating the oxidized electrode, quenching the heated electrode in an agent which is decomposable at the temperature of said'heated electrode to provide a reducing agent capable of forming a layer of reduced metal on the oxide layer, and making terminal contacts with the mother metal and the reduced metal, respectively.
  • the method of preparing a unidirectional current-carrying device which comprises treating'a copper electrode to produce an oxide layer on the mother copper of the electrode, quenching the heated electrode in a mineral oil to produce a layer of reduced copper on the oxide layer, and making terminal contacts with the mother copper and the reduced copper, respectively.
  • the method of repa g a unidirec tional current conductlng device which comprises heating a copper blank to form an outer layer of cupric oxide and an inner layer of cuprous oxide on the mother metal of the blank, reducing the cupric-oxide layer .0 produce a layer of reduced copper on a cuprous-oxide layer which is in turn in contact with the mother copper on which it was formed, and making terminalcontacts with the mother copper and the reduced copper, respectively.
  • the method of preparing a metal for utilizing the rectifyin qualities between a metal andits oxide, W ich comprises forming a layer of oxide on the metal and relucing a portion of the oxide layer to provide a layer of the reduced metal thereon.
  • the method of preparing metal for utilizing the rectifying qualities between a metal and a chemical compound thereof which comprises forming a layer of the compound on the metal and reducing a portion of the layer of the compound to provide a layer of the reduced metal thereon.
  • a unidirectional current-carrying device comprising a metal member, an oxide layer'consisting of an oxidized portion, of said metal member in contact therewith, a reduced-metal layer consisting of a deoxidized portion of said oxide layer,-and means for carrying current to or from said 'educed-metal layer and said metal member, respectively.
  • a unidirectional current-carrying device comprising a copper member, an oxide layer consisting of an oxidized portion of said copper member in contact therewith, a reduced'copper layer consisting of oxidized portion of saidoxide layer, and means for carrying current to and from said reduced-copper layer and said copper member, respectively.
  • a unidirectional current-carrying device comprising ametal member, a layer of a chemical compound of said metal consisting of a treated portion 'of said metal member in contact therewith, a reduced-metal 'oxide of a metal,
  • treated portion of said layer consisting of a and means for carrylayer of compound, ing current to or from said reduced-metal layer and said metal member, respectively.
  • a contact rectifier comprising a metal compound and a layer of reduced metal from the metal compound on the compound.
  • k 17.
  • the combination with a contact recti fier comprising, as one element thereof, an
  • a contact rectifier comprising, as one element thereof, an oxide of copper, of means for making a substantially non-rectifying contact with said oxide, said means'com'prising a layer of reduced metalfromthe oxide on the oxide.
  • the method of preparing a device, possessing a unilateral electrical conductivity which comprises heating a copper blank to approximately 1000 (3., subjecting it while so heated to the action of an oxidizing agent and subsequently subjecti'n the surface thereof to the action of a re ucing agent.
  • a rectifying element for alternating electric current comprising a metallic mass having an oxidized surface which latter has been reduced to a metallic form on its exosed surface.
  • An electrical rectifying unit comprising a layer of red copper oxide disposed between layers of elemental copper forming an integral unit.
  • he process of forming a valve for alternating electric currents w ich comprises 5 forming on the surface of a metal element a layer of a chemical compound of the metal and reducing a portion of the layer of the v compound to provid'ea layer of the reduced metal thereon.
  • v 1 28.' The process of forming a valve forv alternatin electric currents which c'omprises oxi izing the surface of a copper element by exposure to heat and oxygen and cooling in two stages, first'without reduc- L15 tion and then in contact with a quenching reducin reagent.
  • the process of formin a valve for alternating electric currents w 'ch comprises oxidizing the surface of a copper element .20 by heating to a temperature as high as bright red heat and cooling to a temperature ma terially lower but sulficiently high to cause a layer of reduced copper to be formed on the outer surface of the oxide layer upon 25 quenching with a reducing reagent, and

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
US135899A 1926-09-16 1926-09-16 Copper oxide rectifier Expired - Lifetime US1901563A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL21710D NL21710C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1926-09-16
BE344525D BE344525A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1926-09-16
US135899A US1901563A (en) 1926-09-16 1926-09-16 Copper oxide rectifier
DES78574D DE533446C (de) 1926-09-16 1927-02-27 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer den Strom nur in einer Richtung Ieitenden Elektrode fuer Metallgleichrichter
FR640946D FR640946A (fr) 1926-09-16 1927-09-07 Perfectionnement aux rectificateurs électriques à contact
GB24443/27A GB277684A (en) 1926-09-16 1927-09-16 Improvements relating to unidirectional electric current-carrying devices

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US135899A US1901563A (en) 1926-09-16 1926-09-16 Copper oxide rectifier

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1901563A true US1901563A (en) 1933-03-14

Family

ID=22470267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US135899A Expired - Lifetime US1901563A (en) 1926-09-16 1926-09-16 Copper oxide rectifier

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US1901563A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE344525A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE533446C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR640946A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB277684A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL21710C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2699522A (en) * 1952-01-04 1955-01-11 Robert G Breckenridge Titanium dioxide rectifier
US2988853A (en) * 1957-08-16 1961-06-20 Philco Corp Glass-to-metal seal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2699522A (en) * 1952-01-04 1955-01-11 Robert G Breckenridge Titanium dioxide rectifier
US2988853A (en) * 1957-08-16 1961-06-20 Philco Corp Glass-to-metal seal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE533446C (de) 1931-09-16
GB277684A (en) 1927-10-27
FR640946A (fr) 1928-07-24
BE344525A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01
NL21710C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1900-01-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2316905A (en) Selenium rectifier
DE102010021765A1 (de) Anordnung zweier Verbindungspartner mit einer Niedertemperatur Druckinterverbindung Herstellungsverfahren hierzu
US3076253A (en) Materials for and methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices
US3939047A (en) Method for fabricating electrode structure for a semiconductor device having a shallow junction
US1901563A (en) Copper oxide rectifier
US2766509A (en) Titanium dioxide rectifier
US1866351A (en) Rectification of alternating currents
US2965519A (en) Method of making improved contacts to semiconductors
US2246328A (en) Asymmetrical conductor and method of making the same
US2162362A (en) Asymmetrical conductor
US2162487A (en) Selenium rectifier
US1895684A (en) Electric current rectifier
US2097298A (en) Method of manufacturing electrical cut-outs
US2205263A (en) Copper oxide rectifier
US2229807A (en) Method of manufacturing selenium rectifiers
US1924300A (en) Copper oxide rectifier
US1936792A (en) Method of making copper oxide rectifiers for high voltage application
DE2240468A1 (de) Gegen thermische ermuedung bestaendiges halbleiterbauteil
US1892832A (en) Process of preparing uni-directional current carrying devices
US2496692A (en) Selenium rectifier
US1765502A (en) Copper-oxide rectifier
US2017842A (en) Unidirectional current-carrying device and process of producing the same
US1895685A (en) Electric current rectifier
US2352283A (en) Electrical rectifier
US2201709A (en) Manufacture of alternating electric current rectifiers