US1880812A - Ventilator - Google Patents

Description

L. COCHARD Oct. 4, 1932.

VENTILATOR Filed Sepil7, 1930 IN V EN TOR. 02 01014 6W M X y W A TTORNEYS.

Patented Dot. 4, 1932 UNITED STATES LOUIS GOCEARD, OF VETERANS HOME, CALIFORNIA vnn'rrna'ron Application filed September 17, 1930. Serial No. 482,475.

This invention relates to ventilators and especially to ventilators adapted for use on ships. p o

hen a ship is at sea ventilation of cargo spaces, engine rooms, and other spaces is usually obtained by means of natural draft. This is accomplished by providing terminals on the open decks in the form of ninety degree elbows with enlarged or bell-shaped openings so formed as to obtain an increase of air supply when facing the wind and to increase the velocity of the air down the ventilating pipes connected therewith. The ninety degree elbows are usually termed cowls. These are turned either manually or mechanically so as to face the direction in which the ship is traveling or the prevailing wind and they must be turned from time to time as the course of the ship or the wind changes. They must also be turned in case of storms as water either in the form of rain or spray might otherwise enter and cause damage to the cargo. Again, if sparks or glowing cinders are being discharged by the stacks, for in.- stance when coal is being burned as a fuel, it often happens that the cowls must be turned as they would otherwise be a fire hazard and, it might also be mentioned that when passengers are carried it is sometimes necessary to notify them about throwing away burning matches as they might be carried by the wind into the cowls and down the ventilating shafts into the cargo spaces.

The obiect of the present invention is to generally improve and simplify the construction and operation of ventilators of the character described and especially to provide a ventilator by which water damage and fire hazard may be entirely eliminated.

The ventilator is shown by way of illustration in the accompanying drawing, in which- Fig. 1 is a central, vertical, longitudinal section of a ship showing the ventilators as applied, 7

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of one of the ventilators,

Fig. 3 is a cross section of one of the ventilators showing a modified form thereof,

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another 7 modified form of ventilator.

Referring to the drawing in detail and particularly Fig. 2, A indicates the upper open deck of a ship, B one of the intermediate decks, and G thebilge portion of a ship. Extending through the several decks'is' a ventilating pipe generally indicated at 2. The upper end of this pipe extends through the upper open deck A and it is provided with a cowl 3, which terminates in an enlarged bell-shaped opening 4:, the cowl being swiveled to the upper end of the'pipe 2 so that it may be turned from time to time so as to face the wind and thereby obtain an increase of air supply and an increased velocity of air down the ventilating pipe.

It was previously stated that ventilators of this character required careful attention on the part of the oflicers and the crew as there is danger of water damage to the cargo and there is also a certain amount of fire hazard; water entering the ventilating pipe 2, either in'the form of rain or spray, and sparks, cinders or burning matches may enter under other conditions. To eliminate this danger aplurality of outlet openings are formed in the ventilating pipe 2 as indicated at 5 and connected with these openings are upwardly extending outlet pipes 6. These pipes permit free escape of the air but by being extended upwardly as shown water cannot escape as water entering the cowl 3 will have a tendency to run down the inner surface of the ventilating pipe to the bottom where it may be drained or removed by being directly connected with the bilge as shown in Fig. 1, or by a small intermediate drain pipe 7 as shown in Fig. 2. The discharge pipes 6 are not only carried upwardly a considerable distance to prevent water from escaping but they are also of considerable less diameter than the main ventilating pipes, hence reducing the velocity of the discharging air to a point'where it is not sufficient to carry any water or cindersto the upper discharge end.

In Fig. 3, the outlet openings 5 are connected with half round pipes 8 which are ex tended upwardly in the same manner as shown in Fig. 2. The half round pipes are flanged as shown at 9 and riveted to the exterior surface of the ventilating pipe 2. This construction is preferable to that shown in Fig. 2 as a more rigid structure is obtained and less space is consumed, hence interfering less with the cargo space.

Another form which the upwardly extending air ducts may assume is that shown in Fig. 4. In this case a number of small outlet openings are provided as shown at 50. A base flange 10 is secured to the ventilating pipe just below these openings and an upwardly extending annular pipe 11 is secured thereto. This structure causes the air to escape upwardly in the direction of arrows a and then to discharge into the cargo space or the like in the direction of arrows b. The result obtained is the same, that is, the air is discharged at reduced velocity and it is carried upwardly a suflicient distance to prevent .water or other foreign matter from escaping.

When ventilators of the type here shown are applied to a ship it is obvious that maximum ventilation may be obtained under practically all conditions as the cowls can be facing in the direction of the wind regardless of storm or rain. Water damage and fire hazard being entirely removed by providing the upwardly extending ducts as shown in the several structures illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, ventilation of cargo spaces and engine rooms is obtained and ventilation of the bilges is also obtained, particularly when the ventilating pipes are extended clear down to the bilges as shown in Fig. 1.

While certain features of the present invention are more or less specifically de scribed, I wish it understood that various changes may be resorted to within the scope of the appended claims. Similarly, that the materials and finishes of the several parts employed may be such as the manufacturer may decide, or varyingconditions or uses may demand.

' Having thus described my invention, what i I claim and desire to secure by. Letters Patent 1s 1. In a ventilator of the character described a ventilator pipe, means for directing air downwardly through the pipe, said pipe having an air outlet opening formed therein, and a duct connected with said outlet and extending upwardly therefrom .to prevent water and other heavy substances entering with the air from escaping through the outlet, said duct being of larger area than the air outlet opening to reduce the velocity of the air passing through the duct.

2. In a ventilator of the character described a ventilator pipe, meansfor directing air downwardly through the pipe, said pipe having an air outlet opening formed therein, a duct connected with said outlet and extending upwardly therefrom to prevent water and r other heavy substances entering with the air from escaping through the outlet, said duct being substantially semi-circular shaped in in cross section, a flange on each side of the duct and extending substantially from end to end thereof, and means securing said flanges to the exterior surface of the ventilator pipe, said. duct being open at the upper end and connected to the air outlet at the lower end.

3. In a ventilator of the character described, a ventilator pipe, means for directing air downwardly through the pipe, said pipe having a relatively small air outlet formed therein, and a duct for directing air from said outlet upwardly, said duct being of substantially greater capacity than the outlet so as to eflect a reduction .in the velocity of air passing through the outlet.

LOUIS OOCHARD.

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