US1851786A - Vertical tube boiler - Google Patents

Description

March 29, 1932.. E. VCZLCKER VERTICAL TUBE BOILER Filed July 16 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet March 29, 1932. VC 1,851,786

VERTICAL TUBE BOILER Filed y 16 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 fnvenlor:

March 29; 1932. VC' 1,851,786

VERTICAL TUBE BOILER Filed July 16 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Mar. 2 9, .1932

PATENT OFFICE I Enns'r voncxnn, OFIBERNBUBG, GERMANY v VERTICAL TUBE BOILER Application filed July 16, '1926, Serial 'No. 122,968,816. in Germany July 24, 1925.

The present invention relates to vertical water tube boilers and the object of the invention is to provide a construction of vertin caltube boiler which will enable the maxia mum quantity of dry steam to be generated per time unit, as well as to render possible the useof a small superheater and a steam collector of small size. With this object in View, the invention consists in separating the T3513 water and steam mixture in the upper part g of the'vertical water tubes and maintaining this separation up to the entrance'of the mixture into the steam collector. The drawings Show three constructional formsqof the invention.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a vertical watertube boiler, the boiler casing being in section.

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the upper 551$ nest of'tubes and steam collector of a modification to an enlarged scale,

Figure 3 is a side elevation of a further modified form of vertical water tube boiler according to the invention. Fig.4 is a top-plan view of Fig. 1.

- Fig. 5 is a plan View taken directly above the header 3 of Fig. 1;

'- Fig. 6 is a bottom plan view of Fig. 1.

Referring to Figure 1, the vertical water tube boiler consists of a lower header 1, a centre drum 2 and. an upper header 3,-which are arranged vertically one above the other and are connected to one another by nests of tubes 4 and 5 constituting primary and secondary evaporating tubes, respectively. To one side and somewhat below the upper header 3, is arranged an uprightsteam collector 6 which also acts as feed drum, said drum being connected with the upper header 3 by water tubes 7 and steam pipes 8, and with the lower header 1 by descending pipes 9. From the upper end of the steam collector 6, the upper portion of which is divided by v 5 a baffle plate 12 into two semi-cylindrical portions, a pipe 10 leads to the superheater (not shown). Helical; guide plates 11 are arranged in the interior of the tubesof the upper nest 5, said guide plates extending above the water level A B., Ofccourse there is a possibility of arranging more than three chambers. or drums one upon another.

The heating gases flow along a sinuous path through the nests of tubes (as marked by the arrow a) 'firstof all between the upper header 3 and drum 2 and then between the drum 2 and the lower header, so that first of all the upper nest of tubes 5 and then the lower nest 1 is surrounded by the heating ases. The lower header 1,,upper header 3, steam collector 6 and the pipes 7 ,8, 9 are se arated from the heating chamber of. t e boiler, whilst the centre drum 2 is inside the heating chamber but is insulated from the heating gases. The lower header 1 and upper header 3' consists of a plurality of sections connected together inseries, the headers beingconnected to thecentre drum 2 by the nests of tubes 4 and 5, respectively. Also there is provided one pipe 7, 8, 9 for every section. The tubes of the upper nest '5 have a larger diameter than those of the lower nest 4C, the upper nest comprising asmaller number of tubes than the nest 4, so that the heating surface and the total cross-section of the upper'nest 5 aresmaller than the heating surface and total cross section of the lower nest 4. c

By proportioning the cross-sections of the upper and lower nests of tubes in this manner the water circulation in the boiler is accelerated. V

The steam and water mixture-rising in the nests 4 and 5 at a high speed is forced to r0- tate in the tubes by means of the helical guide plates 11 in the tubes ofthe nest 5, and thus issubject to the action of centrifugal force. The water, the specific gravity of which is greater than that of the steam, is thrown against thetube walls whilst the steam'remains in the middle of the tube. Thus a hollow cylinder of water is formed inside each tube, through the interior of which cylinder the steam is able to escape freely into the upper header 3. A separation of the steam. and water is effected in the individual tubes of the upper nest 5, since owing to centrifugal force the water leaves the upper nest of tubes 5 in alcone having an angle of nearly whilst the steam rises upwards vertically. As

the guide blades in the tubes 5 extend up to and beyond the water level of the boiler, recombination oi the steam and water after leaving the upper ends of the tubes 5, does not take place.

The water flows through the pipes 7 into the lower part of the steam collector, while the steam enters the top of the steam collector through the pipes 8, passes round the division plate 12 and escapes to the su erheater through pipe 10. The division p ate separates out from the steam any water which may have been carried along with it. Thus the steam leaving the steam collectort is I very dry.

The centre of the steam collector 6 is situated lower than the upper chamber 3, in order to keeplthe water level (line A B) within the upper nest of tubes 5 during normal operation. Inthis way, disturbance of water not immediately converted into steam in the boiler is avoided. Under certain conditions there is no actual circulation of the water in theboiler at all, the water level being kept so low, that only steam enters the upper header 3 from the nest of tubes 5. This steam contains no more water, therefore it is dry, so

that it is possible to form the upper header in r a more simple manner and the superheater smaller. V V

The speed of circulation ofthe boiler contents needed for the full effect of the helical guide plates may be obtained in adiflerent manner from that produced by the construction shown in Figures 1 and 2, as by means of the boiler according to Figure 3. There is little d'ifierence between the constructions, only that in Figure 3 the two nests of tubes are arranged side by side instead of one over another as in Figures 1 and 2, and are heated, first theleft nest and then the right nest ac cording to the flow of the heating gases in direction of arrow 6.

In Figure 3 the upper header 3a and the lower header 13 are connected by a nest of tubes 5a containingthe helical guide plates 11a. The tubes of the nest 4a connecting the upper header 14 with the lower header 1a are shorterand greater in number than the tubes ofthe nest 5a, but of smaller cross-section than the tubes of the nest 5a. The upper header 3a of the nest 5a is connected to the steam collector Go by the, water tubes 7a and the steam: pipes 8a; From the upper end of the steam collector 6a the upper part of which is divided into two semi-cylindrical portions by means of a division plate 12a, a pipe 10a leads to the super-heater]v The steam. collector 6a and the lower header 1a of the nest of tubesla are connected'by the descending pipes 9a, the two nests of tubes 4a and 5a by pipes 16 connecting the upper header 14 of the nest iar with the lower header 13 of the nest 5a. First the nest 5a and then the nest 4a is heated according to the direction of flow of steam escapes'through the pipes 841, into the steam collector 6a and through the pipe 100 into the super-heater, whilst the water flows through the tubes. 7a into the steam collector 6a. From the steam collector which also serves as feed drum, the water flows into the lower header- 1a of the nest etc.

I claim:

1. A vertical water tube boiler, comprising in combination an upper header and a: lower header, vertical water tubes connected to said upper and lower headers and, extending to above the water level of the boiler,

helical guide plates inside said Vertical water tubes and extending therein to above the water level of the boiler, so as to separate the,

water and steam at the water level, a steam collector arranged with its lower portion below the level of the upper header, means connected to said upper header and steam collector for supplying steam from said header to said steam, collector, a descending pipe connected to the steam collector and to the upper header at a point thereof below the upper ends of said water tubes for discharging Water from said header to; the bottom of the steam collector and a descending pipe connected to the bottom of saidsteam collector and to the lower heuden.

2. A vertical water tube boiler comprising upper and lower headers, water tubes connected to the headers, the upper ends of the tubes being extended to abovethe. water level of the boiler, helical baffle guides inthe tubes and extending therein. to above the water level of the boiler, a, steam collector, means for conductingsteam from the upperhea-der into the upper end of the collector, means for discharging water from the upper header into the lower end of the collector, and. a descending pipe; connected to the bottom: of the collector and to the lower header, as and for the purpose set fortln 3. A water tube boiler comprising incombination, arm-upper header and a lower header, a nest of secondary evaporating tubes con nected with the upper header, a nest. of primaryevaporating tubes, connected with the lower header and with the primary tubes, helical guide plates in the. tubes of the secondary'nest, said tubes and plates bei extended above'the water level of theboiler, a steam collector having its lower end: disposed in a plane below the" upper header, means for conducting steam from the upper header into the collector, a descending pipe having its lower end connected with the steam collector and its upper end connected with the upper header at a point in a plane below the upper ends of the tubes of the secondary nest, and a second descending pipe connected to the lower end of the collector and to the lower header, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A water tube boiler, comprising in combination an upper header and a lower header, a nest of primary evaporating tubes connected to said lower header, a nest of secondary evaporating tubes connected to said upper header and extending to above the water level of the boiler, the lower ends of said secondary evaporating tubes being connected to the upper ends of said primary evaporating tubes, said nest of secondary evaporating tubes comprising a smaller number of tubes and having a smaller total cross section than that of the nest of primary evaporating tubes, helical guide plates inside said secondary evaporating tubes and extending therein to above the water level of the boiler, so as to separate the water and steam at the water level, and a descending pipe connected to the upper header at apoint thereof below the up er ends of said secondary evaporating tu es and in open communication with the lower header.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

ERNST VGLCKER.

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