US18320A - Improvement in power-looms for weaving wire-cloth - Google Patents

Description

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

- ERASTUS B. BIGELOW, OF BOSTGN, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN POWER- Looms -FoR wEAvlNG WIRE-CLOTH.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 18,320, dated October 6, 1857.

To all whom, it may conc-ern: -Be it known that I, ERAsTUs B. BTGEiIow, of

Boston, in the county of Suffolk, in the; State.

of Massachusetts, have'invented new and useful Improvements in Power-Looms for Weaving Wire-Cloth; and I hereby declare that the following isa fulland exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying' drawings, and to the letters ot' reference marked thereon., A

Figure l is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a left hand end elevation Fig. 3, a right-hand end elevation; Fig. 4, a plan; Fig. 5, a vertical'secnon, and Figs. 6;, 1, 8, 9, 1 0, v11, 12, 1a;14, 1.5, 16, 17, and 18` are details.

Heretofore wire -cloth of the description herein contemplated has been woven on handloorns, which require for weaving wide cloth the aid of two persons, one on either side of the loom, who alternately throw the shuttle across the web, and preparatory totthrowing the shuttle they draw from'fthe bobbin and. straighten the wire required for the-succeeding shot, while both co-operate to swingfthe ponderous lathe employed to beat up the cloth. Owing to the infiexibility of wire, the movements of the ordinary power-loom are not suited to weaving wire fabrics, .the-tlylshuttle beingtoo uncertain in its action for perfect work',fand not adapted to straighten the Wire exigencies of the case. therefore, I so organize my wirefcloth power-'loom as to give to the shuttle a positive mechanical motion as it is being passed through the 'shed of the wire .warps from side -to side ot` the loom, and -I also provide the shuttle with a Wirestraightener, through whichythe filling-wire passes.

and is straightened as it is Adrawn from. the shuttle-bobbin by the aforesaid positive movement of theshu'ttle; and to prevent the dragor pull required to straighten the filling-wire, as aforesaid, from drawing 'in the fselvage'f wires and contracting theclothfl employ pointed bars, one on either side of the loom, which lhave ay vibratory motion toward and from the selvages of' the cloth; .-also, a vertical motion up' and' down, by which latter motion they are alternately 4thrust between the tilling-wire of the shuttle and the selvages o f the cloth, so that when the 'shuttle is passed through ythe wire Warps the filling-wire draws around said pointed bars and pulls them, re-

spectively, toward'lthe selvages of vthe cloth until they are arrested by a. stop, whichv pre-l vents the pull o'rdrag of said filling-wire from drawing in said selvage-wires.' Then justbefore the shuttleV has reached its greatest extent of outward motion said pointed barsare withdrawn fromi'betw'eenthe said filling-wire and said salvage-wiresto allowthe inal mol v tion of the shuttle to drawthfe said `filling-wire :snug up to the said selvage-Wires, and produce a true and even selvage.

The first part offmy invention ,therefore consists inthe mode ,of constructing and operating the shuttle, and combining it witha selvage-forming apparatus, whereby'the', fill- Vimg-indre is straightened, the certain actionof' the shuttlesecu'red, and the width and selvages of the-cloth preserved, whatever may be the inexvibility of the filling-wire orthe pull or drag required thereon to straighten it. The aforesaid 'pointed bars` for preserving the selvages of the wire-clothare also employed to stopth'e loom when a filling-wire'fails.

Another part of my invention therefore consists in the mode of arranging the parts which connect the aforesaid pointed bars for preserving the selva-ges of. the cloth .with `the loomfshipper, whereby the loom is'throw'nv out -of gear when the tillingfwire breaks -o'r'is -exhausted on thebobbin. as it comes from the bobbin.A Toj meet the Another partof my invention relates totheV Aoperation 'of the lathe, and consists inthe mode lof 'giving to the. lathe a double action,

.whereby th e-,first action, or that which sets the warp-wire, is given by the action of a spring causing the reed to strike the cloth with a sud-l den blow, like thatot ahammer, and the second action, or `that 'which completes the oper-.

ation, is given by pressure-rollers.

It a warpwire breaks and chances to-lie across others when they are crossed to form a new shed, it will either cut-them oft or stretch themso as to. make Abad work. l To prevent inconvenience arising from this source is the object of the last part of the invention, which consists in the mode of constructing and arrangingthe parts of the'warp-wire stopmotionl and combining Ait with the loomship per for stopping the loom when. a 'warplwire breaks.

These improvements will be better under stood by reference to the accompanying drawings, n whichwheelsgiand 'h'.f "llheloom is driven -byffricf tion-cones and its momentum 'overcomefby a friction-brake. l

Y e' represents thefrictioircone, and j the belt-V cone, whichis pressed against the -frictionr cone e to drive the loom and withdrawn from it to stop the loom'. The belt-Coney' isacted upon to drive and step the loom by the ship-y pinglever 75,' the rear end of which. is 'supported by the stand Z and vibrates on thestnd m, while its forwardend engages with the shipper n, The shipper n vibrates on the stud o, and at its upper end plies in the stand 1J and is drawn inward by the Weaver to startthe loomiand when released is thrown out-` ward by the shipper-spring to stop the loom in the usual way q represents a brakelever for arresting the loom, which is brought into action by the camA r acting on the roller s. When it is desirable to turn the loom without moving the shipper, the weaver may release the brake-lever q-by' stepping on' the treadle t, which through the s medium of the arm u and lever r forces the roller s from under the cam 'l'. This mode of.

driving and stopping power-looms is more-7 fully described in my patent entitled fim provements in looms, granted the 8th day f April,y 11.856, and numbered 14,590.

To enable the weaver to conveniently turn the loom forward and back to placeit in position for mendilg the warp-wires, ne., I ap: ply a doubleacting slow motion to the end of the driving-shaft d, opposite from the main' drivingcones,`as follows: q represents van upright shaft, the lower end of which is to be su pprtediindreceive motion f rom amain driver in any Way best suited to the mill where the looms are to be run, while its upper end is supported by the shipper-lever fr and carries the 'bevel-pinion s which is suitably formed to engage with either of the bevelwheels t' and u on the said driving-shaft d. The shipperflever r is supported by the shaft 1;', which vibrates in the stands w and 'y' represents a spring, which extends forward from the shipper-lever 'r' and terminates in the form of a handle zi t a, represents a guide-stand,which is shapedV as show-n in Fig. l5, and b2 a stud which is shaped to conform thereto. When the stud, b2 is at the bottom of the AV, the beveled pinion s runs clear of both of the bevel-wheels t and u to turn the loom. Therefore the weaver by acting on the handle sA throws said beveled pinion s into one or the other of said beveled wheels t' and u', according to the direction of the motion required, and when said bevel-pinion is withdrawn the spring y forces the stud b2 back to the bot"-y tonl of the V and holds the said'pinion in va 1eme heutralposition until `theweaver shall again bring it into action. v

w represents the Warpfwire beam, which is formed with a seriesof recesses for thewire; as'in'hand-looms. t n

,ai relgrresents the vibrating 'roller forregulatingt'he' 'delivery of the warp-wire, and y and e'the'take-up ,rollers for taking upthe finishedclothw f The wirewarps pass 'from the warp-wire the harnesses a a and reed b tothe take-up rollers y and s. The `take-np rollers are drawn together to hold the cloth by the springs c oeactng on the rods d d', and to insure the movement of the top roller-.y the two rollers-are genred Ytogether by the gears e' and f. The take-up rollers y and e are moved a introduced,by the cam gf; which acts on the lever hf, and through the lmedium of the bar i', lever j', andv pawl lo' turns the' ratchet wheel t'. The ratchet-wheelA Z turns on the end of the axis of the take-up roller eas on a stnd, and through the action ot' the pinion m', intermediate wheel and pinion n', and

e) turns the said take-up rollers.

Y The'object of the intermediate wheel and pinionn is to graduate by a change oi?A size the movement ot' the take-np motion to the great/:variety of cloth required, which varies from four to eighty wires perinch.. p` represents. a pawl to hold the ratchetwheel-Z from being drawn back by the pull of the wire Warps.

The vibrating roller :I: for regulating the delivery of the warp-Wire before mentioned is supported by the vibrating levei's Q g', which are jointed' at their-upper end to the stands r r', while'their lower ends terminate in the vform of a cogged segment andengage with the pinions s s on the shaft t. rocks'in thev stands u/ u and carries the arms 1J' u', from which tension -weights are suspended to give tension to the warp-wire. The said tension-weights. may be applied directly to the arms u e', or they may be suspended below thefloor of the weaving-room by the straps w w. Y Y

The object ofthe weights i ust described is to give tension to the warp-wire merely; but as the degree of tension 'bestsuited to shedding the warp-wires is not in most fabrics sniicient to .resist the blow ot' the lathe in beating u p the weft-wires brakes are. em- 'ployed to` hold the vibrating roller a: during follows: To either end ot` the shaft t a friction-pulley o2 is aiiixed.

p2 p2 represent friction-brakes, onev on either side of the loom, (thoughinulight fab- -rics one brake will be sufficient which vibrate on the studs@l2 q2-at their upper ends,

4and are connected with their respective levers ,v2 ria't their lower `ends` by the connectingrosdss2 s2.

beam w, around the vibrating rollerfr, through s given distance ever-y thread of filling-wire y wheel o (which is fast to the axis of the roller i The shaft t' that operationLwhich brakes are applied as The. levers r2 r2 vibrate on their respective studs t2 t2,and are actuated by the cams u2 u2 onthe main shaft b, which cams are so shaped as to bring the said brakes p2 p2 into action, whenl the lathe beats up and sets them free at other times. v

0n the warpfwire beam w the worm-wheel is axed, which receives motion from the worm y lon the let-oiifmotionfsh'aft z. ".The

let-oi-Inotion shaft z" is supported by the stands a? a2, and is actuated by the cam b2 on the main shaft b. The cam b2 acts on the roller o2 and forces the lever d2 forward to turn the let-off motion,while said lever'cZ2 falls back for renewed action by its own weight. Motion is communicated from said lever (Z2 to the let-o-motion shaftz through the medium of the connecting bar c2, the three-armed vibrating lever f2, crown-ratchet g2, awl h2,

pinion t2, and cogged wheel jl. The ratchet g2 revolves on thestud k2 and has the pinion i? aixed to its hub. One of t-hel pawls h2 h2 is made shorter than .the other by half the space between the ratchet-teeth, thus giving greater accuracy of action thanhit only one pawl was used.

The action of the leteo motion is regulated .and adapted to the requirements of the loom fin the form of a weight of suicient size to constantly tend' to throw up the opposite end just described.

o2 represents a stop, which is aixed to the brake-pulley o2 tolimit the upward movement of said regulatingdever m2.

From the foregoing description of the parts which compose thelet-oi mot-ion it will be understood that as the cam b2 at each revolution lforces the lever d2 forward :to a given point to turn the let-oli:` motion, the extent to which said let-ott motionwill be moved by any one revolutiomof .said 4cam b2 will depend uponthc extent which thesaidlever (Z2 shall tall back for renewed action. Consequently when more .warp-wire is being given out than is-re'qnired forthe cloth being woven, the vibrating roller w, under the action of tension-weights, falls back and raises the stop e2, which allowsthe end of the.regulatingle verfm2 on which it acts to rise and present such an one ot the' seriesot notches 'rt2 'n2 as will suitably diminish the backward movement of the lever d2. Then as more warpwire is required than is being given ont, the said vibrating roller is. drawn forward, which forces down the regulating-lever m2 and presents such an one of the-notches nzfn2A 'as will give the required increase `of motion to the'lever cl2.

The harnesses 0,' a. are suspended from the roller v? by the chains w2 w2 and' connected with the treadles 122 z2,.the whole being operatcdby the cams asas in asimilar manner to the harnesses in the ordinary power-loom.

described.

The lathe is suspended from the shaft ,113, which rocks in the boxes c3 c3.

d3 d3 represent the swords of the lathe, e3 the race-beam, fJ thereed-binder, and gs the reed-cap.

h3 representsa shaft, which rocks in the boxes i3 i3 and has the arms 7'37'5 (oneon either end thereof) extending upward from it, the upper ends of saidarms being connected to their lrespective swords d3 (Z3 by the connecting-bars 'k3 k3. Za representsa cam on the main shaft b, and m3 m3 springs, theforward ends of which arebolted to projections cast on the shaft b3, 'while their rear ends are connected to a loom girth by their respective straps n3. n3. I o3 o3 represent balance-weights to counter- .'actvthe weight ofthe lathe when forward of its center of gravity.

-The lathe is drawn Aback by the cam Z3 acting on the roller p3. Then as the said roller p3 is set Vfree by the said cam Z3 the springs er1/Sms force the reed against the fell ofthe cloth by a sudden blow of the lathe, which sets the warp-wires. Then the pressure-rollers q? qone of which is carried by the arm r3 andv the other by the main gear f, come round and strike against similar rollers s3 s3 on the lower ends of the swords (Z8 d3 ot the Vlathe and completes the operation.

.The model of constructing and operating the shuttle, straightenin g the filling-wire, and preserving the selvages will now be described.

The shuttle is formed, as represented, on a scale of one-halt size in. Figs. 10 and 11, in which Fig. l0 represents afront view and Fig. ll a top View. y

' us represents the body part of kthe shuttle, and fus 123 the shuttle-handles, by which the shuttle is carried through the shed, as bereinafter to be described. A

w3 w3 represent stands, which extend forward from the body part us of the shuttle and supportthe filling-wire bobbn ma, which revolves on the pin z3.

a4 represents a friction-lever,which is forced against the'lling-wire on the bobbin m3 by the spiral spring b4 to prevent the too free movement of the saidbobbin x3.' As the filling-wire is drawn from the bobbin'zr3 in the process of weaving it passes through a wirestraightener out between the guide-rollers c4 cias indicated by the red line 'f5 in Figs. 4 and 11. The wire-straightener is composed of a series of pins d4d4, a partof which project upward from the arm c4 and the remaining part project downward from the arm f4. The arm e4 is secured firmly to the body part us of the shuttle, whilethe arm f4 is madeto swing on the stud-screw g4 to facilitatev passing the filling-wire between the said pins d4 d4, and is heldin position by the springv -h,

The double action of the lathe will now be v guide-rollers c4 c4 are sunk` into the parts' which are connected with them, whereby they are shielded, so as to prevent the filling-wire from slipping over them. In weaving some fabrics, instead of the pins d4 d4, two conforming friction-surfaces may be employed to straighten the wire,-"said surfaces being pressed together by a spring and the wire drawn between them.

r The shuttle is handed or carried through the shed of the warp-wire from oneside of l he loom to the other .by the shuttle-arms i4 '114,

one on either side of the loom, which have a simultaneous motion toward and from the center of the web and slide on their respective waysj* ji. The'inner ends of -theshuttle arms it i4 are provided with sockets, which are suitably formed to receive the shuttlehandles v3 c3, and are made bell-shaped atthcir openings to facilitate the ingress of said handles. The shuttle engages with the shuttle-arms, as represented in Figs.' 1 and 4, and is secured thereto when required by the'latchlevers 154704, which vibrate on their respective studs Z4 Z4.

m4 m4 represent springs which have a constant tendency to throw the hooks n4 n4 on the latch-levers 162752 into action, so that when the shuttle-handles 'U3 'p5 enter the sockets in their respective shuttle-arms i4 4 the hooks a* n* glide over the points of the said shuttlehandles U3 e5 and lock into the openings o4 o4. Ihe shuttle is alternately carried from the side of the web to the other, one arm carrying it. toward the centen' ot' the web until it meetsv the other arm, which receives it and carries it to the opposite side of the web from whence it started. The hooks n* n4 are alternately released to cause the shuttle to take the right direction after the two arms have come t-ogether in the center of the web, as aforesaid, by the levers p4 p4, which vibrate on` their re spectivestuds q4 g4; 'l

r4 r4 represent projections which presenti a cam-like surface to similar surfaces s4 s4 on the latch-levers c k, as represented ,in Figs. U and 4. The levers p4 p4 are alternately raised while the shuttle is being carried from the side of the web toward the center thereof,

so that the cam-like surfaces .s4 s4 come in contact with the projections r4 r4 j ust before the shuttle-arms reach their greatest extent of inward motion,and thus release the hooks fn.4 *m4,* the said hooks n4 n4 being released in.

alternate correspondence with the4 movement ot' the shuttle-that is to say, the hook on the side of the loom from which the shuttle is taken into the shed is released, while the one on the opposite side is left in action to draw the shuttle to the opposite side of the loom from whence it started. l

The mode of com municatingmotiou to the levers p4 p4 will be hereinafter described in connection with the filling-wire stop-motion. The waysjtj, before mentioned, are screwed.

to the horizontal plate t4, one end of which isv supported bythe stand'u, 'while the other -is bolted to the projection o4 on the-loom-frame.

l 104 represents a horizontal girth placed between the loom-frame and -the upper end of the stand/Lt4 to' give steadiness to the parts connected therewith.` m4 represents another 1 horizontal girth which connects the lower end .of said stand a4 to the loom-frame and supports the counter-shafts y* g4, which operate the shuttle.l The end of the girth m4 which Vis presented'to the loom-frame' is made in two parts lto receive the bevel-gears 24.24, as represented inv Fig;v 17. The counter-shafts y* y, th rough the said bevel-gears e4 .24', receive motion from the mainshaft b and carry their respective double cams a5 a5; The said double cams a5 a5 act on their respective cam-rollers 4b5 b5, and, through the medium of the depending leversc5 c5, connectingbars d5 d5, upright.

levers e5 e5, and bars f5 f5 move their respective shuttle-arms i4 4 in a manner to carry the shuttle through the shed, as before described. l Y

The apparatus for preserving the selvages of the cloth may be understood-as follows: The pointed bars g5 g5, which prevent the drag on thetilling-wirefrom drawing in the selvages, extend upward from the horizontal arms h5 h5, which are afxed to the upperends of the vertical shafts 115 z5. @f5 'i5-one on either side of the loom-are supported by suitable sockets formed in their re# spective rock-levers `7'5 j5 attheir lower ends, while they are guided and supported at their upper ends by the stands 155 105, in which they have both a verticaland rocking motion. The

rock-levers 7'5 7'5 are supported by their-respective stands Z5 Z5,`and their inward arms extend back and receive motion from the double cams m5 m5 on the carni-shaft c, while their outward arms extend forward and are bent to receive'the lower ends of the vertical shafts 115115, as aforesaid, and 'as represented by the detached plan thereof in Fig. 7. The vertical shafts 'i5 5 are prevented from rising out of their-respective sockets by the lugsen5 a5, which so ply in grooves in said shafts as to secure them in their position without im peding thelr rocking motion'.

o5 o5 represent arms whichvextend fromf/the vertical shafts 5 '115 to act upon the filling-wire stop-motion, as hereinafter to be explained.

p5 p5 represent stops against which the arms o5 o5 strike to prevent the. shafts 715 5 from rocking too far toward or from the selvages ofthe cloth. l

g5 g5 represent springs which have a vconstant tendency to draw the arms h5 h5 away from'the selvages of the cloth.

Now suppose the loom to be in that stage of its operation at which it is represented in Figs. LL and 5. The cam m5 raises the shaft The verticalshafts i5 (on the side of the'loom where the shuttle is located) and brings. the pointed bar g5 up between the filling-wire 'frs and the selvage of the cloth. The 'shuttle then 'enters the web and draws the saidftllling-wire r around the said pointed bar'gi'gwhich at Vthis stage of' the operation serves to take'up the slack of said filling-wire T5, caused by the returning movement ofthe shuttle, and prevent it from kinking or twisting together; but as the shuttle furtherproceeds on its course across the web the said filling-wire of draws the said pointed bar q5 around toward` the selvage to a line with Vthe till of the-cloth, where'it is arrested by the stop p5, and 'prevents the 'drag on the filling-wire fr'from drawing in the se1vage-wire.'I Then just before the shuttle completes its movement the said cam 'm5 withdraws thes'a'id pointed bar g5, which allowsv ternately, corresponding with the movements. of the'shuttle, and the shaft t5 115 carry'y their respective arms a5 a5, which engage with the levers p4 p4,bcfore mentioned, so

that when said shafts i5 i5 are raised and depressed to bring into action and withdraw the said' pointed bars g5 they at the same time bring into action and withdraw the said levers p4 p4, which act on the latch-levers k h4 to release the `shuttle, as above specified. The hubs of the arms 'a5 11,5 being loosely f1t-l ted to their respective shafts 'i5 715 oier no obstructionfto their rocking motion, but they are secured to and made to move vertically in unison with the said shafts 5115 by the hub et' the arms h5 h5 ,and the collars 'v5 v5.

The mode of connecting the apparatuswhieh is employed to preserve the selvages with the loom-shipper for stopping the loom when a filling-wire fails is as follows: :v5 represents a lever, which vibrates on the stud a6, and has its upper end suitably formed to act on the shipper n and throw the loom out of gear when brought A in action for that purpose. The lower end of said' lever :c5 is not only connected with the apparatus now under conf sideration Vfor stopping the loom when the v filling-wire fails, but also with the apparatus for stopping the loom when a warp-wire breaks, which latter connection will hereinafter be described. It is connected with the former apparatus4 by means of the horizontal bar be, bent arm c6, horizontal rock-shaftd, upright arms e e, and cords fi f6, which are attached to their respective arms o5 o5 before described The rear end of the bar b6 is jointed tothe lower end of the vibratinglever g, which vibrates on. stud h6 and receives motion to 6 on the mainshaft b. The forward end of the lactson the projection k on the side of the lever fc5.' The bent arm cG isprovided with a fork at its extremity, in the bottom of which the bar b5 rests, and as the stop 4l prevents the saidl double' cam'i. The said double cam 'i6 gives one vibratory motion to the bar b every movement of the shuttle, and if the said bar bs were allowed to remain in the pcf 3, it is obvious that it would throw the loom out of -gear every operation; but by tracing the connection of the parts of the apparatus before specified it will be seen that whenever the points or levers gif g5, or either one of age, as aforesaid, vthe cords f6 f6 willdraw forward the arms e e said camt'f' the hook j will pass clear of the projection k6 and the loom continues in 1no fails to act on said points or levers g5 g5, or one of them, as aforesaid, the said hookj6 engages with the projection k6 and throws the loom out of gear.

The mode of combining and arranging the apparatus for stopping theloom whena warpwire breaks will now be described. Thecontrolling part of this apparatus is placed un- (der the warps at the backside of the loom, and. is supported at either end by the stands fm6 m. n represents a guide-frame, which resembles a long box divided by a partition o, but without arbottom, and contains as many weights p6 p as there are wires in the warp,

one compartment of said guide-frame fn, and -suspended from one division or portion of the shed 0f the warp-wire,`an'd the other half in the other'compartment and suspended from the other division or portion of `the shed of the warp-wire, each warp-wire havingr its respect-v ive weight. vsquare form andof a thickness so nearly to vill their' respective compartments ot the said guide-frame' fn as to require no other guide to steady them, but atl the same time having` suicient play to move up and down freely.

q6 represents a bed on which the weights p p6 drop 'when their `respective warp-wires break, said bed being supported by the aforesaid stands 4,mi m6. provided with slots r6 r, in which the stopbar s6 slides to and fro, said stop-bar s6 being connected'at both ends to the rock-shaft t6 by their respective bars u ue and upright arms 'v6 e6. The rock-shaftt6 rocks in the stands w we, and receives motion from the double throw the loom out of gear from/the double cam said bar b is provided with ahook j, which the shaft-d6 from turning too far the said arm l l c6 sustains the bar in a suitable position to y act on the projection le when drawn back by f sition just` described, and represented in Fig. n

them, are drawn toward the selvage lof thel cloth by the iilling-wire to preserve theselvand raise the bar b2'. smthat when it is drawn back by the afore-Y tion, whereasif the filling from any cause one half ot' the said weights being put into l The'said weights are made of 'a The stands/:fn6 m6 are f7 is another rock-lever on the rock-shaft t,

the lower end of which is connected to the lever a? before specified bythe rod g7, the for' ward' end of said rod g7 being provided with a slot lto allow the filling stop-motion to ac t on the said lever fri', as before specified, with- ,out disturbing theparts of the :warp-wire stop-motion. The stop k7 and the springe-7 serve to keep the levers x5 and f7 in positiony to be acted upon.

l77 is a lever,-which is connected with the lever f7, as shown in Fig. 3, and -vibrates on the stud k7 to-change the direction of the mo-l tion of the lever a7, so that wheneither of the parts Z7 Z7 are acted upon" by the said lever a7* it will move the lever ri and-'throw the loom out of gear. A

The mode in which the depressing of any one of the weights p6 p6 consequent upon the' breaking-of a warp-"wire brings the lever a7 into action to stop the loom is as follows: kIt should 'be borne in mind that the arms Iv6 'v6 are permanently affixed to the rock-shaft t, while the hubs of, the rock-levers a7 andffv turn loosely on Said .rock-shaft t, the said' rock-lever a7 being connected with the arm 6 to give motion to the stop-bar s6 bythe rod 197 pressing against the' recess m7 of the cam "c1-as represented inFigs. 12- and 14. Now when all the warp-wires are in working order the weights ppare suspended so as to allow the stop-bar .s6 to vibrate freely, and the inner end of the rod f7, being in' the recess m7 ofthe cam c7, allows the o'uterend: thereof to.

.pass ,the parts'Z7Z7 withoutcontactj Ibu't whenevera warp-wire breaks its respective weight p6 falls'on to the b ed Q6, o r is sufficiently depressed i to arrest the stop-bar s6, and as the rock-lever a7 i'scontinued in motion by the doublecam' 6,'which'pactuates. it, the rod f7 rises out of the recess m7 and brings its outer .end in contact with one or the other (according to the directio'njof its motion when the stop-bar sais arrested) of the parts Z7 Z7 and stops the" 110cm.,K The weights 106106 have av tendency tojdepre'ss thewarp-wires, to prevent. vwhich 2the rollerfn7 is placed under them,

`which revolves in the stands o7 07. For the samefpurpose, also, stands may be placed under the ends of the lease-rod'sp7 p7,and the.

middle'n portion of said rods maybe supported by wires, as represented by the lines Q7 Q7 in Fig. 5.

. I do notintend tofconiine myself to the pre-` cise form and construct-ion of the parts asV above specified, as it will be obvious toma? chinists that many Vparts of the loom may be varied without charming their essential char- :toter-as, for example, instead of operating the shuttle-arms by cams and levers, as above specified, they may be operated by a revolving screw placed `'with its axis parallel to the line of motion of said arms, and a suitable cennecp 'I sometimes also.'

and consequently requires alength of iillingwire to be, introduced greater than the width of cloth v.being-woven; otherwiseV the 'con-v t-raction'of the said filling-wire produced by crimping itwill cause undue action upon the warp-wires at the edges-of the cloth and produce what is called vruiile selvag'es -that is, selvages longer' vthan the body of the cloth.

In weaving such fabrics lI sometimes employ,

in addition to the above-describedapparatus for preserving 'the selvages, ftwo' or more pointed'instrnments'w5 w5,which are in proper order of time and by appropriate mechanism thrust into' the shed ofA the warp-wire forwardofthe filling-wire, so as to give ita sort of curve, and' thus :increase f the length thereof taken into the shed, as represented iu'FiG. 16.`

In order' that the curve of the filling-wire may be equal on both sides of the web when the lathe strikes, I employ two levers, one on either side of the loom, the position of'which isindicated at yf' g5, which* levers', after the tshuttle has passed and before-the 'said pointed linstruments m5 @U5 are withdrawn, are alternately moved forward to bend the wire to the fill of the cloth, so that when the lathe beats up it will act alike on both edges. I sometimes also crimp the filling-wire before it is introduced into the shed by passingit through '-'iiutedrollers with. flutes of. a proportionate size to the meshes of :the clothto be woven, f Y. as represented in Fig. 18. lVhen the illingwire vis crimped by fluted rollers, as aforesaid, the shuttle is dispensed with, and the said filling-wire may be introducedinto-the shedof thewire warps by means of pinchers or nippers mounted on the end of a sliding bar supported by suitable guides on v one side of the loom, said sliding bar being so operated as to pass said pinch'ers or nippers through the warps `to the opposite side of the web, where they seize the end'of the filling-wire and, returning, draw it into' the shed. The filling-wire may be cut into suitable lengths and placed. at the side of the loom in asuitable mannerfor the said nippers or pinchers -to successively seize kthem and draw themdinto the shed; orv the crimping-- rollers may be placed opposite (on 'the opposite side ofthe loom) to the said nippers orl pinchers and move in unison with-the returning motion of-t-he said nippers or pinchers, thereby crimping the filling-wir@ and delivering it tothe said l nippers or pincllers at the same time. A cutter may be attached to the,

sword of the lathe or otherwise operated, so as to cut off each succeeding shot' of the Killing-Wire, and thus successively present a new end .of the wire to` the said nppers or pinchers. When larger wire is used-thatis, .Wire sufficiently stiff for the purpose-the said nppers or pinchers mavbe placed on the same side of the loom as the filling-wire is placed and be employed to successively push tire filling-Wire into the shed, instead of drawing it in as above described. In some cases, also, the crimping-rollers may be employed so asy to discharge the filling-wire into the shed of the wire warps at the same time they crimpit,in which case the nippers or pinchers may be dispensed with.

Having thus described my said invention and vpointed out some of its modifications, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1.V The mode of constructing and operating the shuttle and combining it with the selvageforming apparatus, whereby the filling-wire is straightened, the certain action of the shuttle secured, and the width and selvages of the iecloth preserved,substantially as speci- 2. The mode of arranging the parts which connect the selvage-formihg apparatus with the loom-shipper, whereby the loom is thrown outof gear when the filling-wire fails, as above set forth.

3. The mode of giving a double action to the lathe, substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified.

4. The mode of constructing and arranging the partsf'of the warp-wire stop-motion and combining it with the loom-shipper for stopping the loom when a warp-wire breaks, substantially as specified.

ERASTUS B. BIGELOW. Witnesses:

CHAS. HASTINGS,

FRANK F. HASTINGs.

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