US1788229A - Process and apparatus for engraving printing cylinders - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for engraving printing cylinders Download PDF

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Publication number
US1788229A
US1788229A US296145A US29614528A US1788229A US 1788229 A US1788229 A US 1788229A US 296145 A US296145 A US 296145A US 29614528 A US29614528 A US 29614528A US 1788229 A US1788229 A US 1788229A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder
negative
screen
photographic
paper
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Expired - Lifetime
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US296145A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bonnaud Pierre
Jourdan Louis Max Aime
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NASHUA MANUFACTURING Co
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NASHUA Manufacturing Co
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Publication date
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
    • G03F5/00—Screening processes; Screens therefor
    • G03F5/20—Screening processes; Screens therefor using screens for gravure printing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/152—Making camera copy, e.g. mechanical negative

Definitions

  • the present invention is more especially applicable to cylinders in order to obtain a very clear impression. It can likewise be utilized for direct monochrome or polychrome photographic reproductions, preserving the details and half-tones obtainable in Finally, the photo photography and which hand printing cannot reproduce exactly.
  • the present invention ab lows perfect photographic reproductions of all subjects, even the most delicate of them, to be obtained on any kind of cloth, on velvets or other hair cloths, on skins and in general on all materials which do not at present lend themselves to reproductions. It has moreover the advantage of being very rapidly carried into efiect and of enabling polychrome reproductions, comprising a great number of colours (15 to 20 for example) and only requiring three rollers at the maximum, to be obtained just as easily as monochrome reproductions, whereas the usual textile printing processes call for almost as many rollers as there are colours to be reproduced.
  • the photograph to be reproduced is obtained by interposing a screen, which is transferred to the surface of the printing roller in two successive operations contrary to the usual method.
  • the first operation consists in transferring the screen exclusively on to the roller by means of a special process which makes said screen Very resistant to the action of the mordant.
  • the second operation consists in transferring the photographic image on to said screen.
  • the surface of the printing roller of cylinder is an electrolytic metal adapted to receive the special composition of the transfer of the screen.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates, in end elevation, the apparatus for wrapping a negative about the surface of a cylinder to be engraved.
  • Fig.5 shows a dryin stove used in one stage of the production the paper on which a negative of the photographic picture is to be taken.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates diagrammatically theapparatus for etching'the cylinder after the screen negative and photographic negative have been transferred to it.
  • the printing cylinder is faced with a layer of electrolytic metal of l or 2 cms. thickness formed by a copper deposit obtained b pass ing 150 amps. at 4 volts through a bat at 22 degrees Baum.
  • the copper will preferably be of the same composition as that utilized in marine boilers.
  • the sensitive surface of the paper is applied-against the electrolytic metal of the cylinder, the surface of which has been previously very carefully planished.
  • the negative is applied on the cylinder through the instrumentality of the transferring machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompany: ing drawing, in order to achieve a very accurate transfer which ensures that the retic ulations of the screen will join up exactly and avoids any appearance of discontinuity which would be fatal for the uniformity of the impression.
  • a fixed support 1 carries on each of the longitudinal sides thereof two vertical uprights 2 which act as guides for a slide-block bearin 3 which supports the trunnions 4a of the cylinder 4 to be. engraved.
  • Each bearing 3 forms the head of a rack 3a passing down through the support 1 and meshing with a pinion 3b.
  • the two pinions 3b are mounted on the sameshaft 5 which is rotated by a handle 5a'mounted on'one end thereof.
  • the shaft tives are takenphotographically, one solely ,'5 rotates in iournals 6 carried by the support reproducing thescreen and the otherthe desired image (a subject taken from nature or taken. from a picture, drawing or the like).
  • the screen negative is obtained directly 'on elatino-bromide of'silver paper with a solu 1e under layer,-by photographing the paperbehind a screen similar to that used in heliograph (trans arent reticulation and opaque chequer).
  • he paper is developed by means of a developer composed vby the combination of the two formulae given below:
  • The'developer is obtained by dissolving the two compositions in equal quantities in an amount. of water approximately three times as great as the quantity of either composition. or example:
  • Formula No. 2 100 cu. cms.
  • the top of the table is formed by a slab 10 made of hard rubber, at one end of which is placed a graduated rule 11 (Figs. 2 and 4).- One of the long sides of said slab is graduated in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the rule 11 has two slides 12 guided bythe screw-threaded studs 13 on which are threaded wing nuts "14 adapted to clamp the rule in the. position determined by the'operatoraccording to the diameter of the cylinder 4 to be engraved.
  • a pressure roller 15 is carried by two arms 16 plvoted as at 16a to the support 1, said arms 16' being continuously drawn towards the cylinder 4 by tension springs 17.
  • a movabletube- 18 perforated along its length maybe placed above the. cylinder 4 when the surface of thelatter has to be moistened.
  • W A handle19' is fixed to one of the trunnions of thee linder 4 to be engraved in order to rotate the latter by hand.
  • the pressure roller 15 exerts pressure on the sheet 20 as soon as the latter has come into contact with it and such pressure persists as long as the cylinder 4 is kept rotating.
  • the ,graduations made along the rubber slab 10 facilitate the setting of the sensitized sheet 20 in'position.
  • the graduations of the rule 11 enable the Width of the sheet 20 to be exactly accommodated to the length of the cylinder 4 and according to the drawings to be engraved.
  • the object of the hard rubber slab 10 is to,
  • the screen negative After the screen negative has been wrapped about the cylinder, the latter is removed from its bearings 3, and then bathed first in tepid water and then in hot water to wash out the negative. Those parts of the negative which have been rendered insoluble (reticulation of the screen) adhere very firmly to the metal of the cylinder, whilstpthe other portions chequers) have been ellminated leaving the metal bare in the places they occupied. v
  • the cylinder with the screen is put back into its bearings 3 in order to receive the transfer of a negative of the photographic picture which is to be superposed onthe preliminary screen negative so as to form the entire photographic reproduction to be engraved on the cylinder intended for printing the cloth.
  • the negative is obtained on a charcoal paper sensitized and dried by the means described below:
  • Potassium dichromate grammes special stove Fig. 5 which is constituted as follows in order to dry completely the sensitized sheets ofpaper.
  • bafiies 121 and 122 are arranged respectively above and below the two rows of supporting cross pieces 116, 117 be tween their notches.
  • Two tubes 123 and 124 are passed through the median portion of 'one-of the vertical walls of the stove, which tubes are connected to the body 125 of an electrically driven fan which draws in air 'from outside to discharge it within thecentral case, the air, after having been. obliged to scrub the surface of the glass plates and of the papers adhering thereto, due to the disposition of the baflies 121 and 122 (as has been shown by the direction of the arrows), is then delivered to the outside atmosphere through a flue 126. On passing below the glass plates, the air passes over the calcium chloride which absorbs the moisture with which the air becomes laden during its passage. The moisture is vided with screens,
  • the air inlet to the stove as well as the air outlet therefrom are prosuch for example as the hoods 127, 127a and 128, which block out the light rays.
  • the air entering the case 113 is warmed by contact with an electrically heated resistance 123a arranged for example about the tube 123 or the tube 124 or eyenabout both of them. Owing to the continuous absorption of the moisture by the calcium carbide and to the heating of the air current, the atmosphere within the case 113 is very dry and enables the sensitized paper to be dried completely at the end of an hour approximately.
  • Each sheet of charcoal paper sensitized and dried in accordance with the aforesaid formula and method is then placed behind a positive glass plate printed from a negative of. the photographic picture to be reproduced subsequently on the cloth.
  • the positives with the sensitive sheet are placed in a printingframe preferably neumatic and then exposed for the requisite length of time to quartz glass electric bulbs which very rich in violet rays-
  • the sheet of charcoal paper is placed in the dry state on the surface of the cylinder 4- which, as has been previously stated, already bears the reticulations' of gelatine now-rendered insoluble
  • the cylinder 4 is placed in itsbearings inder '15 is retracted and the perforate tube 18 is applied against said cylinder which is rotated continuously and fairly slowly.
  • a current of steam is sent through the tube 18 and the steam issues through the perforations in said tube onto the surface of the cylinder so as to moisten the insoluble gelatine reticulations.
  • the steam supply is then cut off and the charcoal paper negative is wrapped about the cylinder in the manner already described with reference to the transfer of the screen negative on to the said cylinder.
  • the cylinder 4 After drying for ten minutes approximately, the cylinder 4 is withdrawn and washed out first with te id and then with warm water, after whicli said cylinder is dried with degree of acidity emit a light 3; the pressure cyl-' the screen negative and photographic negative superposed on its surface and ready to undergo the acid treatment constituting the chemical engraving.
  • the engraving operation is carried out accurately and rapidly by the following method in'conjunction with the special ar- Iron perchloride at 48 Baum- 1,000 parts Nitric acid 6 parts Glycerine 10 parts i
  • the bottom of the basin communicates by a tube 33 with a tube in which the solution can find it level and which contains a hydrometer 135 providing an instantaneous check of the the above solution.
  • a water tank 139 fed through pipe 140 andprovided with an outlet pipe 139a connected to a distributor 142 enclosed in a fluid tight casing 141 and manipulated by means of an outer handle 143.
  • the di'stributor is for example a hollow cylinder 142 of predetermined capacity (10 cu.
  • thermometer 146 as well as a watch or clock 147 are hung from the panel to allow the operator to control the operations.
  • the cylinder 4 to be engraved is slowly rotated preferably by a motor M at a speed determined by the operator according to the nature of the engraving.
  • the etching of the cylinder is started with the acid bath at the maximum strength selected, then the operator gradually decreases the degree of acidity in suitable stages by introducing into-the bath the quantity of water measured out by the distributor 142 and admitted by simply rotating the handle 143 through half a turn and also by opening the cock of the funnel.
  • ahod 148 supporting a fan 149 which draws off the. harmful acid vapours and conducts them away outside the building.
  • the operator willin a predetermined total time etch the engraving of a given subject to be reproduced to a greater or less depth according to the nature of the cloths, skins and other materials to be printed.
  • screen negative connotes a negative taken solely of the screen without the photographic picture.
  • a process for engraving photographic pictures on printing cylinders consisting in taking a screen negative on paper having a coating of gelatino bromide of sllver, 1n developing said negative by means of a developer based on pyrogallic acid whereby the portions of said screen acted on by the light are rendered insoluble, in wrapping said screen negative about the surface of a cylinder to be engraved with the sensitive coating of said negative in contact with said cylinder, in causing the insoluble portions of said screen negative to adhere firmly to said cylinder, in wrapping about said cylinder in superposed relation to said screen negative a negative of the photographic picture to be engraved, and in etching the surface of said cylinder with acid.
  • a process for engraving photographic pictures on printing cylinders consisting in taking a screen negative on paper having a gelatino-bromide of silver composition, in developing said screen negative with a developer based on pyrogallic acid, in wrapping said negative about the surface of a cylinder with the sensitive surface of the ne ative in contact with said cylinder, in was ing out said cylinder whereby the portions of said screen negative not previously acted on by the light are dissolved whilst the portions acted on by the light remain adhering to the cylinder, in taking a negative of the photoaphic picture to be engraved, in transerring said photographic negative to said cylinder by superposition on said screen nega-.
  • a process for engraving photographic pictures on printing cylinders consisting in taking a screen negative on paper having a gelatino-bromide of silver coating, in developin said screen negative with a developer based on pyrogallic acid, in wrapping said-negative about a cylinder with the sensitive surface of the negative in contact with the surface of said cylinder composed of an electrolytic metal, in bathing said cylinder in water so as to dissolve away the portions of said screen negative not acted on by the light, in sensitizing charcoal paper with an aqueous and alcoholic solution of a mixture of ammonia and potassium dichromate, in
  • a process for engraving photographic pictures on printing cylinders consisting in taking a screen negative, in developing said negative whereby the portions thereof acted on-by the li ht are rendered insoluble, in wrapping said screen negative about the surface of a c linder to be engraved, in bathing said cylinder in water to dissolve away the portions of said screen negative not acted on w ith an aqueous solution of a mixture of ammonia and potassium dichromate, in spreading said charcoal paper on glass, in covering over. said charcoal paper. with elatinized paper, in drying the plate thus ormed, in
  • a process for engraving photographic pictures on cylinders consisting in taking a screen negative on paper with gelatino-bro- 'mide of silver coating, in developing said LOUIS MAX AIME J OURDAN.
  • a process for'engraving photographic pictures on printing cylinders consisting in taking a screen-negative, in developing said

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Coloring (AREA)
US296145A 1928-06-19 1928-07-30 Process and apparatus for engraving printing cylinders Expired - Lifetime US1788229A (en)

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FR313911T 1928-06-19

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US1788229A true US1788229A (en) 1931-01-06

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US (1) US1788229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR670487A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB313911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115182117A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-14 泗阳三联纺织整理有限公司 一种纺织面料加湿设备

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3402082A (en) * 1965-01-22 1968-09-17 Formica Corp Method and apparatus for pattern registration

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115182117A (zh) * 2021-04-02 2022-10-14 泗阳三联纺织整理有限公司 一种纺织面料加湿设备
CN115182117B (zh) * 2021-04-02 2023-09-19 泗阳三联纺织整理有限公司 一种纺织面料加湿设备

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FR670487A (fr) 1929-11-29
GB313911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1930-08-25

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