US815310A - Photomechanical printing. - Google Patents

Description

.PATENTED MAR. 13, 1906.

- H. REGKARD. PHOTOMEGHANICAL PRINTING.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 16, 1905.

.. UNITED STATES PATENT orries.

QHiiNRYL. REGKARD, oF- Ew YORK, N.'Y.-,- s's1G1 I oR TOALBERT. HENRY I WALKER, TRUSTEE, or NEW roan,

no. 315,310. i

Specifieaition of Letters Patent.

' Patented March 13,1906.

Applioatio ffile'd June 16,1995. Serial m zeaus.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY L. Rnormama citizen of the United States, and a'resident of Manhattan, New York, in the State of New York, have'invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Photomechanical' Printing,

. of which the following descriptionalfd claims iro' constitute the specification, and which are illustrated by the accompanying drawings The obj ect'of my invention is to make p ctures of natural or artificial obj ects by deposits of printing-ink in relief-printing, intaglioprinting, or lanographlcprinting'and-by a 'process whic includes photographic means andmechanical means without any hand drawing or engraving.

The nature of my'invention consists making a sensitive gelatin roller having 2. cy-

lindrical core of metal or other suitable material and a sensitized gelatin coat of uniform thickness and preferably having an elastic cushion between the coat and the core-and in thereu on exposing that sensitive gelatin roller to ight'through a flexible translucent picture bent upon its peripheryand in then developing that. exposed gelatin roller by bathingit in water, and thereby swelling some parts of its'surface into relief whileleav ing some parts of its surface 1n de resslon, and

in thereupon drying that deve opedgelatin' roller in airand in afterward using it in producing a relief intaglio or planographic' print- 7 in surface.

' igure 1 of the drawings is a view of a flexible translucent icture adapted to .beapplied to the perip cry of my sensitive gelatin roller. Fig. 2 is a VIGW'Of my sensitivegelatin roller with the translucent picture'of Fig.

1 applied thereto by bein bent upon the roller in close contact Wit .the periphery thereof and being held firmly up on the periph eryof the roller by means of a cord laced through the'holes which perforate opposite borders of the translucent picture. a plan view of some parts of an inking-machlne which may be usedin my process and side,- of it and a*-set of inking-rollers on the which machine includes my develo ed gelatin roller located' between a copperro ler on one other side of it'."-

4 is a side view, partly in section, of the same machine. Fig. 5 is a view of a fragment of .an indefinitely-long strip of paper orcloth which has had the letter KR? repeatedly printed thereon by means Fig. 3 is of a copper roller, the printingsurface of which as been delineated thereon by my gelatin roller.

The particular program illustrated bythe drawings is performed as follows: I produce the translucent picture shown in Flg. 1 by taking a thin, flexible, and translucent sheet of celluloid or other material and by making the opaque reversed letter R thereon, while making or leaving the background of the sheet translucent. The letter R ma be made on the sheet pliietographically or y a brush or pencil or in any other available way.

- The sensitive'gelatin roller of Fig. 2 can be made by: the following means, in describing 'which I specifyquantities by troywei'ght: I diss'olve-one'ounce of hard German gelatin in six ouncesof waterlin a vessel of its own. I

also dissolve one hundred and twenty grains of bichromate of ammonia in 81K ounces .of Water in a'vessel ofj'i'ts own. 'Thereupon I add "the solution containing the bichromate of ammonia to'the 'g'elatin'solution, and then I add three ounces of alcohol thereto, and then Ifilter the compound solution two or three times. The resulting composition of matter is a sensitized." gelatin emulsion, the ingredients of'which I mix together and filter and keep in a dark room or in a room dimly lighted with red light. I also make an unsensitized gelatin emulsion by dissolving two ounces of hard German gelatin in twelve ounces of water in a vessel" of its own. ,I also make a stock'solution by mixing twent -eight ounces of water, andonehundred an eighty grains of citric acid-, -ar'id fivehundred and twenty grains of nitrate of potassium, and seventy grains of chrome-alum" and one-half of an ounce of liquid ammonia in a vessel of its own.

Ithentake 'twoounces of that stock solution and mix it with twelve ounces of glycerin, and

six ounces of water in'a vessel of its own and thus producea'glycerin solution- I make a cylindrical core of metal or other suitable substance and provide it with an 'axial'opening for the reception of a shaft, with time .after-timeand at a uniform speed,

' of gelatin until the periphery'of: the roller is provided with a uniform and elastic cush- 'ion of unsensitized gelatin of considerable thickness. I thereupon remove the covered core from the pan or box containing the gelatin emulsion, and thereupon I revolve the covered core at a uniform speed in the open air or in a drying-box until the unsensitized gelatin is coherently dried upon the core, but is not baked into an inelastic condition. 1

An elastic rubber tube or rubber blanket of uniform ,thickness can be substituted for an elastic gelatin cushion upon the core of my gelatin roller and under the sensitized gelatin coat of that roller, and when thus substituted such a tube or blanket will perform the function of cushioning the sensitized gelatin coat. Such a tube can be applied to such a core by thrusting the core into the tube, and thus stretching the tube over and upon the core, and such a' blanket can be applled to such a core by cementing it thereon with its opposite edges stretched to a close and accurate joint or by stretching the blanket around the tube until its opposite edges accurately meet and-then lacing those edges to ether.

The e astic cushion under the sensitized gelatin coat of the gelatin roller may be omitted in some cases, where the particular character of the icture or print to be produced is such that t e gelatin coat of the roller can perform its function without an elastic cushion between it and the core of the roller.

' Whether or not I make a gelatin or a rubber cushion upon the core of the roller, I revolve the core in a pan or box containing the sensitized gelatin emulsion, and I thus apply a coat of sensitized gelatin to the surface of the cushion or to the surface of the core, as the u and -coherently'dried thereon.

case may be. I then remove the coated core from the pan or box containing the sensitized elatin emulsion and immediately revolve the ormer in the open air or in a drying-box'until the sensitized gelatin coat is thorou hly The app ication of the sensitized gelatin emulsion to the gelatin or rubber cushion or to'the-naked core and also its drying thereon is conducted in a dark room or ina roomdimly lighted with red light.

The sensitized gelatin roller being thus made and being kept dark until it is used, I proceed as follows: I measure the flexible translucent picture of Fig. 1 and reduce its vertical dimension, if necessary, so that that dimensiom corresponds exactly with the circumference of the sensitized gelatin roller. Thereupon I bend that flexible picture firmly "around that roller and bring its opposite edges exactly together by means of a cord laced through the two sets of holes shown in Fig. 1, and which holes and which cord are shown in their final relations to each other in Fi 2. I then expose the sensitized gelatin rol er, with the translucent picture thereon, to light passing through the translucent parts of thepicture, and I continuously revolve the roller at uniform speed during this exposure or otherwise insure uniformity of action of light through the translucent picture upon the sensitized gelatin roller during the exposure. This exposure to light continues for spaces of time varying from five to ten minutes, and it results in hardening the different areas of the sensitized gelatin coating on the gelatin roller in proportion:to the number of rays of light reaching those areas, respectively, through the different areas of the translucent picture of Fi 1. As no rays of light will pass through the area covered by the opaqueletter R of that transl'ucent picture, the corres onding area of the gelatin roller is not bar ened but as strong and uniform rays of li ht will pass through the translucent areas 0 the picture of Fi 1 the corresponding areas of the gelatin ro ler are uniformly hardened by the exposure. The sensitive baked elatin roller having been thus exposed to li lit, the translucent picture is removed there rom in a dark room or in a room dimly lighted with red light, and then the roller is lmmersed and bathed in that room first in slightly-warm water and then in cool water. That bathing causes the absorption of water by the unhardened parts of the elatin coating of the roller, and the absorbecIwater causes those parts of that elatin coating torswell up, and that swelling rings the let- -ter B into relief on the gelatin surface,

while leaving in depression the other arts of the eriphery of the gelatin roller. f I am wor ing in a temperature above Fahrenheit, I next bathe the gelatin roller for from three to five .minutes in a solution of five drams of chrome-alum in twenty-four ounces of water; but this bathing is not necessary when I am working in a temperature as low as 60 Fahrenheit. The bathing of the gelatin roller in the solution of chrome-alum tends to prevent the swollen area of the gelatin fromreceding entirely down to the original concentric surface of the roller when the water is absorbed from that swollen area by the drying of the roller by means of a current of solution, so that each part of the eriphery of the roller glycerin so utionp That solution. adheres to asses successively t ough that solution remains upon any part of the elatin surface.

The gelatin roller of Fig.- 2' avin been thus developed and dried and treate with glycerin solution is placed with its shaft in the inking-machine of Figs. 3 and 4, where it is designated by the numeral 2. The numeral 3 in those figures indicates an inkingroller for applyin ink to the gelatin roller 2, and the numera s 4 and 5 indicate a air of distributing-rollers fordistributing in uniformly to the peri hery of the inking-roller 3,

while the numera 1 indicates a cop er roller for receiving from the gelatin rol er.

The ink which I use in my inking-machine is composed by melting together one pound of as haltum, one pound ofrosin, half a 'poun of beeswax,-one pound of mastic, and

j three ounces of mutton-tallow and then mixcrayon-ink is composed of 000 ing that composition with double its quantity of the crayon-ink of co erce, which (1 linseed-oil and lampblack without any fat.

The rollers 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 being placed and adjusted in the inking-machine in the relations shown in Fig. 4, the crank 6 and the roller'3 are turnedin a clockwise direction,

as indicated by the arrow upon the endof the roller3 in Fig. 4 and by the arrow which surrounds the shaftof that roller in Fig. 3. That turning operates, throu h the gears 7, 8, and

' 9, to turn the gelatin ro ler 2 in an anticlock wise direction and to turn the copper roller 1 1n a clockwise direction, as indicated by the arrows on the ends of those rollers in Fig. 4'

4 and by the arrows around the shafts of those rollers 1n-Fig. 3', respectively; The turning of -that inking-roller 3 in contact with the gelatin roller 2 results in the v.application of ink to -the depressed areas of the peri hery of that gelatin ro1ler,'but. do.es-not resu t in the application. of any" ink.-to the relief area of that periphery, because .the ink is re elled from, that relief area by the glycerin-so ution therein. The turningofthe elatinroller 2 in contact with the co' per ro ler 1 transfers ink from the depresse areas of the-gelatinroller to the corresponding areas of the copper roller, while "leaving naked that area of the copper roller which corresponds with the reliefetter R. upon the gelatin roller. This transfer of ink from the depressed areas of the 'gelatin'roller to the'hop'per roller. requires that I the two rollers shallgbe held-in very close roll-.

ing contact during the operation and be thus inking-machine of Fig. 4. v r a i The copper roller 1 and the gelatin roller 2 arepreferably exactly equal in circumference or have those diIIlGIlSlODSiIl multiple may be turned in mutual contact more than once without varying the location of deposit of ink on the copper roller. That capability rollers in contact, to certainly transfer all the roller or to transfer at least enou h in complete the desired delposit upon t e copper roller, andthe two ro equal in circumference or must have those dimensions in multiple relation to each other where the design a plied by the gelatin roller to the cop er rol er is continuous, so that Whatever esign-encircles the gelatin roller withoutabreak may likewise encircle the copper roller without a break and may be repeatedly printed without a break by the copper roller upon a strip of cloth or (paper.

. The copper roller may be ma e to have more than one identical printing surface printing-surface on the gelatin roller or by or more times greater than that of the gelatin roller, soas to multiply on the copper roller the rinting-surfaces of the gelatin roller.

T e copper roller being provided with a deposit of lnk from the gelatin roller, I remove the copper'rollerfrom the inking-machine and roceed as follows: I change the into an ename by means ofthe a plication thereto of an enameling-p'owder an by means .of heat.

osed of two parts of rosin, one part of shelac, and two arts of alcohol melted together and then cool d and finely pulverized. I a ply that powder .with a cotton ball to t e inked surface of the copper roller, so as to makethe powder adhere to the inked por tions of that surface without adhering to the naked portions thereof. Then Iheat the copper to a temperature high enou h to melt the enamelingwder into the in has adhere ing the ink on the surface of the cop or roller into an enamel, and that enamel wi rotect those areasof the copper roller covere thereby from theeating of the etching liquid which is subsequently applied to the copper roller. I next protect'the Interior of the copper roller,

if it is hollow,,.and also its ends wlth asphalt enables me, by repeated turning of the two ink from the gelatin roller to the co per to either bymaking more than one identical,

giving the copper roller a circumference twoink upon t ceriphery ofthe copper roller That enamellng-powder is com' to which it a This heating results in changbracket 13, which is firmly bolted or other. wise attached to the foundation-frame of the relation to'each other, so that the two rollers ers must be exactly ink in all one the periphery of the copper roller, while tom of the depression flat.

varnish from the action of the etching liquid, which I next apply to the periphery of that roller. I make that application by simply causing the roller to rotate above a pan containing the etchin liquid and with all portions of the periphery of the roller successively passing through the etching liquid in the pan as the roller is rotated. That etching liquid, which may be chlorid of iron, eats into the naked portions of the periphery of the copper roller, while not affectingthose portions of that periphery which are covered by the enamel. I cause the etchin liquid to do its etching work for a greater or less length of time, according as I intend to etch more or less deeply into the periphery of the copper roller. After the periphery of that roller has been etched I wash it with water to remove the etching solution, and then I remove the enamel from its relief-surface with turpentine. The copper'roller 1 having been thus provided with the depressed letter R upon its periphery is ready to be putin a printingmachine and used there to print the'letter R successively upon a strip of paper or cloth. When in place "in such a machine, ink or color is applied to the entire periphery of the copper-roller by an inkin ro ler proper for t at purpose but that in 'or color is scraped from the relief parts of the periphery of the copper roller by a scraper so strai ht and stiff that it will be held out of the epressed parts by the relief arts and will leave a uniform continuous eposit of parts of the depressed letter R leaving no ink on the relief parts of that periphery. Thereupon astrip of paper or cloth is drawn between the copper roller and a plain roller op osite thereto, and the depressedletter upon the periphery of the copper roller deposits ink enough to print the etter -R u on that strip of paper or; clolfh once for eac revolution of the copper ro er.

The program particularly illustrated by the drawings relates to intagliorinting in one of the simplest ways provide 'for by my present invention. A desirable addition to that program consists in making the depressed prin'ting-surface on the copper roller 1 with a series of minute ridges or peaks of copper extending upward from the bottom of t at depression instead of making the bot The function of such ridges or peaks consists in preventing thescraper which removes ink or color from the relief-surfaces of the roller from descending tothe flat bottom which would exist in that depression in the absence of those ridges and peaks and from thus removing the ink or color from that depression, as well. as from the relief-surfaces of the roller. Continuous ridges of copper extending upward. from the bottom of the depression in the roller are -to be preferable to eaks, and it is desirable to make those ri ges diagonal instead of being parallel to the axis of the roller in order that the ed e of the scraper shall never be parallel with t ose ridges as the roller passes under the scraper during'its revolution.

Where a copper roller is to be pre ared for printing on pa er, the rid es or pea s which extend upwar from the bottom of the depressed printing-surface thereof should be not quite flush with the relief-surfaces of the roller, for if made quite flush those peaks or ridges might prevent a continuous deposit of ink on the paper opposite to the depressed printing-surface {but where a copper roller is repared for printing on absorbent cloth t ese ridges or peaks should extend upward flush with the relief-surfaces of the roller, for the capillary attraction of such cloth will spread the color over the lines or dots of space opposite to those peaks or ridges,

and will thus complete a continuous deposit of color on the cloth opposite to the general depression on the copper roller, and because ri ges or peaks that are thus flush will perform their function more perfectly in clothprinting than they would if not flush.

The desired rid es or peaks may be made to extend upwar from the bottom of the depressed surface in the copper roller by means of the a plication of ink'in lines or in dots to the otherwise naked surface of the copper roller in order to limit the action of the etching liquid to the s aces between those lines or around those ots instead of exposing the entire roposed intaglio-printing surface of the re l'er to the action of the etching liquid. I

My invention is not only applicable to printing a plain flat character li e the letter R upon a strip of paper or cloth from the depressed surface of a copper roller, according to the particular program illustrated by the drawings, but it is also applicable to printing a icture in a modulated color by means of t e depressedsurface of a cqplper roller upon a strip of paper or cloth. us, for example, I can print a picture of a rose instead of printing the letter R upon a strip of paper or cloth with ink de osited on that materlal from a depressed su ace on the periphery of a copper roller. In'order to accomplish this resu t, the depressed surface of the roller must be provided with numerous irregular and irregularly-distributed eaks of copper extending u ward from its ottom, so t at the depresse surface will not make a uniform and continuous deposit of ink or color upon the paper or cloth, but will make numerous minute, irregular, and irregularlydistributed deposits of ink or color upon the paper or cloth, which numerous deposits may not be separately recognized by the naked eye, but will appear to constitute such a to light, as will cause the whole de osit of ink to represent all the parts and sha ings of the rose. 4

In order to produce a copper roller having a depressed'printing-surface upon its periph-.

ery adapted to printing a picture of arose upon a strip of paper or cloth, it is proper'to modify the particular rogram illustrated by thedr'awings and exp ained in the foregoing parts of this specification by the following changes in that program: Those changes begin by painting the picture of a rose ii on such a thin, flexible, translucent, cell oid sheet as that which is shown as having the reversed letter R thereon in Fig. l of the drawings, and those changes continue by adding a solution of one hundred and forty grains of chlorid of calcium in three'ounces of watento the sensitized elatin emulsion employed in producing-the a1 gelatin coat u on the gelatin roller of Fig. 2,, and those c anges conclude by applying that flexible thus doubly-sensitize The subsequent exposure of the doubly-sen sitized gelatin roller to light the celluloid sheet havin sheet with the rose painted thereon to the gelatin roller of Fig. 2.

assing .through t e rose ainted thereon roduces the f0 owing ad itional resultz' T hat additional result consists in numerous eruptions in those parts of thesurface of the eriphery of the doubly-sensitized gelatin roll dr parts of the picture of the rose. Those eruptions are distributed irregularly over those parts of the surface of the periphery of'. the

gelatin roller, being less numerous and less wlde in those parts of that peri hery which were under the darker parts of t e'rose than in those parts 'of that periphery which were under the lighter parts the rose on the translucent celluloid sheet, because the eru tive tendency of the different particles of t e chlorid of calcium in the gelatin coating of the roller is in direct proportion to the amount of light reaching those particles, respectively; but. those eru tions, though potentially caused by the c orid of calcium in the gela tin coating of the roller, are not actually developed therein by the exposure of the gelatin roller to light passing throu h the difien ent parts of the rose upon the ce uloid sheet. That actual development results from the subsequent bathing of the gelatin. roller in water. The eruptions which are developed by the water at that time result in making irregular cracks, more or less wide and more or less inear. together, in those parts of the surface of the eri hery of the gelatin roller which were uri er t e icture of the rose during the exposure to li frequent cracks deve oping in those parts of the gelatin coating W ch were under the lighter parts of the rose and the narrower and more infrequent cracks being developed in those parts of the coating which were una plain flatcharacter like the letter which are under the difl'erent drawings or such a t, the wider and more 'der the darker parts of the rose. Ma ny of those cracks intersect each other, but some of them are isolated from the others. The

sizes of the cracks can be varied by varying larger cracks .Will be in the bottoms of the .most depressed parts of the gelatin roller and will not 6 separately represented by the ink deposited by those depressed arts upon the tin roller to the lig t through the translucent celluloid sheet; but those more numerous and copper roller, because those epressed parts- W1 1 be filled with inkover their entire areas from the inking-roller 3,'and will therefore transfer to the copper roller 1 a continuous' de osit of ink.

y invention is also applicable to pplnting r: 9 a modulated picturelike that of arose from the relief-surface of a cop er roller upon a strip of paper or non-absor ent cloth, as well as from a depressed surface of such roller. Beliefrinting of either of these kinds involves the ollowing changes from the foregoing description of 'intaglio-printing: The first of those changes consists in using a negative translucent picture instead of such a'positive translucent picture as that of Fi .1 of the ositive translhcent picture as would resu t from painting a rose u on a sheet of translucent celluloid. Where t e result to be accomplished is the production of a strip of aper with the letter R repeatedly printe thereon, as in Fig. 5' of the drawings,-the translucent sheet of Fig. 1

I oo

IIO

will have a naked letter R instead of a painted one and will have its background umforrnly opa ue instead of being uniformly translucent. he application'of such a sheet to the gelatin roller of Fig. 2 and theexpobathing of that roller in water in raising into relief t ose portions of that roller which are that sheet would result upon subsequent sure of that gelatin roller to light through shown as black 'inFig. 3, while leaving in depression those plortions of the peri hery of that roller whi R of that roller in that constitute the white letter The subu-re .- sequent-treatment of that ge atin roller with glycerin solution would cause those portions of lts periphery which are'black in Fig. 3. to p re el Ink, while those portions which are w 'te in Fig. 3 would receive ink from the inking-roller 3. lThe gelatin roller 2 being thus provided with ink upon those portions l of its periphery represented by the letter R and not PIOVldGCl with ink u on the otherportions of its periphery woul simply print the letter R in ink u on the copper roller 1, and that ink being 0 anged into an enamel, as above described, and the copper roller being thereupon etched, as above set forth, the result would be the formation upon the periphery of the copper roller of a naked letter R in relief, surrounded by de ressed portions, corresponding with those t at are shown as black in Fig. 3. Those depressed portions would be made deeper by longer etching than were the depressed portion constituting the letter R 1n the former example, because printing from the relief-surface of a copper roller necessitates a greater difference between its relief-surfaces and its depressed surfaces than is proper where the depressed surfaces are to be used as the printing surfaces. A copper roller being thus provided with the letter R in high'relief, such a roller would be placed in a printingpress and would receive ink u on 1ts reliefsurface and would print that in in the form of a letter R upon a strip 'of paper or nonabsorbent cloth'drawn between that roller and a plain roller adjacentthereto once for I each revolution of the copper roller. Where a modulated picture like the picture of a rose is to be printed on aper or non-absorbent cloth from the relie -surface of a cop er roller, that copper roller can receive sue a relief-surface'by means of the same program, as the result of which it would receive the representation of a rose in depression, except that in this case the picture of the rose upon the translucent sheet of Fig. 1 would be a negative picture instead of a ositive one in that the parts of the 'rosew ch are to be darkest in the ultimate picture upon paper would be lightest in the picture upon the translucent celluloid, while the parts which are to be lightest in the ultimate picture would be darkest in the corres onding picture on the translucent celluloi and exce t that the background of the icture of t e rose upon the flexible cellu oid would be opaque instead of being transparent. My invention is also ap licable to printing a plain flat character like the letter R or a modulated icture like that of a rose from the de rcsse surface or from the relief-surface 0 a copper plate upon a sheet of paper or other suitable material, as well as from the relief;surface or the depressed surface of a copper roller. To prepare a copper late for any one ofthese klnds of printing, t e most nearly corresponding program for pre aring a copper roller will bevaried b -tran erring ink from the gelatin roller-of Flg. 2 to a copper plate instead of to the co per roller 1 and in some other particulars which will be obvious to persons skilled in the-prior art. My

invention is also applicable to relief or to intaglio printing from rollers or plates of other metals than copper, except that different metals are best etched with different etching liquids and produce different results in respect of costand merit. So, also, a planographic-printing surface may be made on a slab of stone or a plate of zinc by-means which include the use of my gelatin roller for printing a picture upon stone or zinc and which include such other means as would be employed if the same picture were to be put upon the surface of the stone or zinc by the pen of an artist.

My invention is not only available for printing from one metal roller or plate or from one slab of stone upon a strip or sheet of paper or cloth, but it is also available for the preparation and printing of two or even ten suc rollers, plates, or slabs with mutual registration u on one strip or sheet of pa er or cloth in or er to produce a picture or ot er print composed of a plurality of lapping or non lappin colors. Further information relevant to t rec-color printing and to multicolor printing can be read in the Ippertype atent, No. 785,735, of March 28, 1905, and 1n the Reckard patent, No. 788,377, of April 25,1905, and the applllipability of my present invention to those ds of printing is evident in the light of those patents without further statements in this specification.

I claim as my invention.

1. The following process of photomechanical printin making a roller, having a sensitive gelatm coat; exposin that sensitive elatin roller to light, throug a artly-transucent and partly-opaque flexib e sheet, bent upon the periphery of the roller; developing that exposed gelatin roller, by bathing it in water, and thereby swellin some parts of its surface into more or less re ief, while leaving other parts of its surfacein more or less depression; drying that develo ed gelatin roller in air; applying glycerin so ution to the relief-surfaces of that developed gelatin roller; ap lying ink to the depressed surfaces of that ge atin roller; transferring ink from the depressed surfaccs of that gelatin roller, to the surface of a metal'roller or plate; etching awa the naked surfaces of that metal roller or ate; a plying ink or color to that metal rol er or p ate; and transferring ink or color from that roller or plate, to whatever fabric, paper or other material constitutes the base of the print which results from the process; all substantially as described.

2. The following process in photomechanical printing: making a roller, having a sensitive gelatin coat; exposing that sensitive elatin roller to light through a artly-transucent and partly-opaque flexib e sheet, bent upon the periphery of the roller; developing that exposed gelatin roller by bathing it in water, and thereby swelling some parts of its in a1r applying glycerin solution to the reliefsurfaces of that developed (gelatin roller; applying ink to the depresse surfaces of that ge atin roller; transferring ink from the depressed surfaces of that gelatin roller, to the surface of a'metal roller or plate; and etching away the naked surfaces of that metal roller .t or plate; all substantially as described.

' ical printing 3. .The following process in photomechanv making a roller, having a sensitive gelatln coat; ex osing that sensitive gelatin roller to light t roug a artly trans lucent and partly-opaque flexibl e sheet, bent upon the periphery of the roller; developing that exposed gelatin roller by bathing it in water, and thereby swelling some parts of its surface into more or less relief, while leavingv other parts of its surface in more or less depression drying that developed gelatin roller in air; applying glycerin solution to the relief surfaces of that developed elatin roller; applying ink to the depressed surfaces of that elatin roller; and transferring ink from the epressed surfaces of that gelatin roller, to a tially as described. v

4. The following process in photomechanical printing: making a roller, having a sensitive gelatin coat; exposing that sensitive elatin roller .to light through a artly-transucent and partly-opaque fiexib e sheet, bent u on the periphery of the roller; developing t at exposed gelatin roller by bathing it in Water, and thereby swelling some parts of its surface into more or less relief, while leaving other parts of its surface in more or less depression; and drying that'developed gelatin roller in air; all substantially as described.

ALBERT H. WALKER, WINTHRoP 'S, FANNING.

solid surface of metal or stone; all substan-

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