US1784876A - Combined floor and ceiling construction - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 16, 1930. H. E. MARKS I COMBINED FLOOR AND CEILING CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. lO, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l s WH Wm. QN. \m..

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WITNESS zg INN/ENTOR @Mdm-L WM my Dec. 16,l 1930. H. E. MARKS COMBINED FLOOR AND CEILING .CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct.

lO, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR WITNEIS Patented Dec. 16, 1930 UNITED STATES v Pa'rflaNT;4 l Xol-Flclaz HERBERT E. MARKS, or* sEwICxLEY, PENNSYLVANIA, AssIGNon. To UNITED STATES GYISUM COMPANY, E CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CoEroRATIoN 0E ILLINoIs COMBINED FLoon AND CEILING oNsTEUC'TIoN Appnemimu mea beamer 1o, 1925. semi No. 61,736.

The object `of this invention is to provide 4a combined monolithic oor and slab ceiling structure, which as a whole may be economically'constructed without the use of shoring or false Work, and in which certain members entering intothe floor structure are arranged for use as supports for ceiling slabs of uniform widths, and a'further object is to provide'simple and effective means for supporting slab ceilings from a floor. v

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, of which Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional View of the combined floor and ceiling construction, the plane -of view being taken transversely of the floor beams, and being indicated by the line I-I, Fig. 2; Fig. 2 a vertical sectional View at right angles to that of Fig. l; the plane of view being in. dicated by the line II-II, Fig. 1 Fig. 3 a top plan View of adjacent ceiling slabs and a sectional view of their supporting hangers, the plane of view being indicated by the line III-III, Fig. l; Fig. 4 an end view of'a ceil- -ing slab Fig. 5 a detail view of one form of hangers for supporting the ceiling slabs; and

Fig. 6 a view corresponding to Fig. 5 showing a .modification of construction.

The ioor constructed according to this in- Vention comprises a pluralit of ioor beams, which may be and prefera ly are I-beams or channels, spacedy at uniform or varying intervals as may be desired according to the structural requirements and building conditions. Extending transversely of the floor beams and resting upon their tops, there are members, preferably flanged structural sec,- tions, which have the double function of -supporting the ceiling and of acting primarily as supports for floor forms, although they. also may serve to sustain the Hoor load. Similar members have heretofore been used in floors, but in the present invention these members are of sufu'cient strength to support the ceiling as well as toperform their function in Vthe floor. Furthermore, as will presently be explained, they are' spaced at uniform intervals for a purpose incident to the ceiling construction. For forming the oor without the use of shoring or false work, these members Support plates on which cementitious ma'- terial is poured to form a monolithic Hoor.

The ceiling provided according to this invention consists of pre-formed cementitious slabs of uniform widths arranged below the lower Han es of the floor beams and of sufiicient thio ness to afford adequate fire-resisting or prooin for them.- The slabs are pref` erably forme of gypsum having inlays of e slabs and projects above spacing of the ioor members which lextend transversely of the fioor beams.

' l By so spaclng thesel members,

and by placing the ceil-` lng slabs below the lower edges of the floor beams, it becomes unnecessary to provide ce1l1ng slabs of widths which v ary according to the necessary variations in the spacing of fioor beams. In other words, except for the fitting of the ceiling slabs adjacent to walls Yand partitions, all ceiling slabs may be of the same size, thus effecting a substantial saving both in4 the cost of making and of erecting the Slabs.

The invention. may be further understood by reference tothe embodiment illustrated in the accompanying drawings' which show a monolithic floor-1 resting upon the upper.

flanges of floor beams 2, and a' slab ceiling 3 suspended from the floor and lying in a plane below the'lower anges of the floor.

VExtending transversely of'` the floor beams,

to various lengths.

Between supporting members 4, and preferably resting' upon their lower flanges, there are plates or boards 5 upon which a body of cementitious material is poured to form a monolithic floor. While these plates may be made of various materials, they are preferably gypsum boards. `For supporting the contiguous edges of these plates to prevent them from sagging before the monolithic floor is set, small members may be arranged between the supporting members -4 and rest upon their lower flanges. These small members may, take the 'form of Ts 6 such as disclosed in my Patent No. 1,398,079, or they may take the form of boards or strips attached to the adjacent or contiguous sides of plates 5 as disclosedin my Patent No. 1,458,770. Manifestly various other forms may be used, and if plates 5 are in themselves sufficiently rigid to support the cementitious f.oor material before it has set, such membersvmay be dispensed with entirely.

Upon the tops of plates 5, and embedding the upper portions of transverse members 4, there is a monolithic body 7 of cementitious material, preferably gypsum. This monolithic body may be provided with a reinforcement 8 of welded wire fabric or its equiv-- alent. The floor may be surfaced or finished in any desired manner depending upon requirements. As shown in the drawings sleepers 9 are laid upon the cementitious body 7, and a wooden Hoor 10 is nailed to them. H j j The preferred constructionmof, uniform width slabs which form th l lustrated particularly in Figs. a there shown each slab 15 comprises a platelike body of cementitious material, preferably gypsum, having an inlayA of welded wire fabric 16, the ends of which are turned upwardly adjacent to the ends ofthe slab. The arrangement here is such thatv the outwardly projecting reinforcement includes a wire 17 extending parallel to the upper face of the slab, and short lengths of wire which form posts 18 attached to the transverse wire 17. The slabs herein shown are also disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 696,210. and in themselves-are claimed in such applications.l While it is preferred to use this form of slab, it is manifest that the advantages of the invention' may be realized by the use of other s ecific `forms of ceiling slabs. In the embo iment of the invention shown in the drawings the ceiling slabs are arranged below Hoor 1 and below the lower edges of floor beams 2V in such positions that the adjacent sides of the slabs meet in vertical planes below supporting members 4 in the floor.

Although various forms of hangers may be used for suspending the ends of slabs from supporting members 4, it is preferred to so 'also construct and arrange the hangers that each forms a -support for the corners of a plurality of ceiling slabs. Having reference to the 'lower ends. or legs of these clips are bolted or otherwise attached to the upper ends of a pair of straps 21. .As shown particularly in Fig. 3, the corner posts 18 of the projecting reinforcement are engaged by bars 22 having .their ends bent around the posts and lying below the transverse projecting Wire 17 The central portions of bars 22 are attached to the lower ends of straps 21 by bolts o1' equivalent members. In this manner the adjacent ends of slabs 15 are bound together by bars 22, and the adjacent slabs are drawn together by the action of straps 21 which tend to draw together at their lower ends due to the Weight of the ceiling slabs. By arranging the slabs so that the corners of four of them' meet at a common point as shown in Fig. 3, a single composite hanger such as shown in Fig. 5 may be used for snpporting all of these corners.

' In the form o f hanger shown in Fig. 6, a single twisted strap 21a is attached to the lower ends of clips 20, and a bar 22a spans the ends of adjacent slabs, rather than their sides as in Figs. 3 and 5, and engages the corner posts 18 of the projecting reinforcement. At the meeting corners of four ceiling slabs two sets of clips 20 and straps 21a may be used, or a single set of clips 20 'and two straps 21a may be'used in the manner similar to the hanger construction disclosed in Fig. 5. As shown at the right hand end of Fig. 1 a single twisted stra 21a may be used o adjacent to a wall or partition 25. The remainder of the hangers shown in Figs. 1 and r supporting the ends o ceiling slabs 1 2 are of the form disclosed in Fig. 5 and v previously explained. p n

It has been noted that the upper faces of the ceiling slabs lie below the lower flanges of floor beams 2. The floor beams therefore do not serve to `fesist upward thrust `upon the ceiling slabs when they are plastered from beneath. To resist this upward thrust the hangers are rigid and are so shaped and so connected at their opposite ends that the ceiling slabs do not move upwardly when plaster is applied to them.

In Fig. 2 floor beams 2- are illustrated as being attached at their ends to a floor girder 26 which does not lie in a partition or wall, and which, being of greater depth than the floor beams, ,extends materially below their lower flanges. For supporting the ends of ceilinfr slabs adjacent 'to a Hoor girder, and l fnr fireproong the girder, a trough 27 formed of cementitious material encases the lower portionof the floor beamy to the required depth and forms4 at its lupper edges supports -for thel endsv of adjacenty ceiling sla s. These troughs are preferably provided with reinforcin wires or equlvalent members 28 which reject upwardly beyond the upper edges of t e trougha sufficient distance upper flange of the floor girder by bending the wires around the girder as illustrated.

As shown in Fig. 1, the ceiling slabs are arranged below the lower` anges of the floor beams. The. space between the upper faces of the slabs and the lower faces of the floor beams is suicient to accomodate the projecting ends of the slab reinforcement. By

so arranging the ceiling slabs they may ter- `lninate at any point regardless of the spacing of the floor beams. At'the left of Fig. 1 they are shown as terminating immediately below floor beam 2 while the ceiling slab below the right hand floor beam terminates at opposite sides of the beam. This arran ement, coupled with the uniform spacing o supporting members 4, makes it possible to use slabs of uniformrwidth, and results in a'veryfsubstantial economy inthe cost of materials and in the erection of the combined floor and ceiling.

According to the provisions of the patent statutes I have explained the principle and operation of my invention, and have illustrated anddescribed what I now consider to desire to have it understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, theinvention tion than that described.

I claim:

1. A combined licor and ceiling structure comprising spaced oor beams, combined floor-form and ceiling-supporting members resting independently of each other upon the tops of and extendin transversely of the floor beams and space at uniform mtervals,

particularly illustrated and floor-form plates supported by said members, a monolithic floor formed on said plates, hangers separately .engaging and independently extending downwardly from said uniformlyNspaced members and arranged at a plurality of 'intervals between said oor beams, and pre-formed cementitious fireproofng ceiling slabs of uniform width attached at their ends directl to said hangers and lying in a plane below t e lower edges of said floor beams.

2. A combined floor and ceiling structure comprising spaced floor beams,` combined floor-form and ceiling-supporting .members resting independently of each other upon the tops of and extendin continuously over and transversely of the oor beams and lspaced at uniform intervals, floor-form plates supported by said members, a monolithic floor formed on said plates, hangers separately engaging and independently extending downwardly from said uniformly spaced members or use in attaching the trough to the`4 andarranged at a plurality of intervals between said loor beams, and pre-formed cementitious reproof'mg ceilin slabs of uniform width attached at their ower ends directlyvto said hangers and lying in a plane below the lower ed es of said floor beams.

3. A combined oor and ceiling structure comprising spaced floor beams, combined floor-form and ceiling-supporting members resting independently of each other upon the tops of and extendin transversely vof the floor beams and space 'at uniform intervals,

Hoor-form plates sup orted by said members, a monolithic Hoor ormed on said plates, thrust-resisting' hangers separately engaging and independently extending downwardly from said uniformly spaced members and arranged at a 'plurality of intervals between said oorl beams, and pre-formed cementitious ceiling slabs of uniform width having hanger-engaging members at their ends projecting above their upper faces, said slabs lying in a plane below the lower edges of said floor beams and having their hangerengaging members directly: attached to the lower ends of said hangers.

4. A combined floor andceiling structure comprising spaced floor beams, combined floor-form. and ceiling-supporting members resting independently of each other u on the tops of and extending transversely oft e floor beams and spaced at uniform intervals,

ers, a monolithic oor formed on said plates, thrust-resisting hangers separately engaging and independently. extendin downwardly from said uniforml spaced members and arranged at a plurahty'of in- Hoor-form plates sup orted by said memmay be practlced by other forms of construcb tervals between said oor beams, and preformed cementltlous ceiling slabs of uniform width lying in a plane below the lower edges of said floor beams and provided at their corners with hanger-engagmg members projecting upwardly from the upper faces of the slabs, each of said hangers belng directly attached to .said hanger-engaging members of a plurality of said ceiling slabs. V

.5. A combined floor and ceiling structure comprising spaced floor beams, combined floor-form and ceiling-supporting members resting independently of 'each other upon the tops of and extending continuously over and transversely of. the door beams and spaced at uniform intervals, floor-formed plates supported by said members, a monolithic floor formed on said plates, thrust-rethe `lower edges of said Hoor beams and haves in vertical alignment withl` ing their si said supporting members of the door, said slabs having hanger-engaging members embedded in them and extending upwardly at the corners of the slabs above ,the plane of ,a the upper faces of the slabs, and means for 5 attaching each hanger directly to the floorengaging members of a'. plurality of said slabs. f

In testimony whereof, I sign -my name.

HERBERT E. MARKS.

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