US1775671A - Electrolytic method of cleaning metal - Google Patents

Electrolytic method of cleaning metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US1775671A
US1775671A US145462A US14546226A US1775671A US 1775671 A US1775671 A US 1775671A US 145462 A US145462 A US 145462A US 14546226 A US14546226 A US 14546226A US 1775671 A US1775671 A US 1775671A
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United States
Prior art keywords
lead
iron
scale
cleaning
work
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US145462A
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English (en)
Inventor
Thomas E Dunn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bullard Co
Original Assignee
Bullard Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bullard Co filed Critical Bullard Co
Priority to US145462A priority Critical patent/US1775671A/en
Priority to GB9064/30A priority patent/GB353488A/en
Priority to DE1930558022D priority patent/DE558022C/de
Priority to FR693199D priority patent/FR693199A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1775671A publication Critical patent/US1775671A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/34—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
    • C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
    • C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution

Definitions

  • This invention relates toan electro-chemical cleaning process for cleaning metal and it has for its object to provide a process of removing the surface scale and other objectionable matter from forgings, castings or the like, preparatory tofinishing the same and a further feature of the invention is to roduce an improved quality of iron or steel y subjecting the same to cathode treatment in an acidified solution containing chlorides and sulfates of lead.
  • chined tool parts, cast iron fittings and the like a hard adherent scale is usually produced on the surface of the steel or iron parts during the tempering or heat treating operation.
  • This scale is very often extremely hard and unless removed will result in rapid wearing down of those steel parts coming into intimate contact with each other. This applies, for instance, to the case of gearwheels where all trace of scale must be removed from in between the teeth, in order to avoid rapid wearing away of the teeth.
  • roduces results very similar to the chemical pickling process, namely, lack of uniformity in the surface structure, parts of the surface being deeply pitted.
  • the object of my invention is to rapidly and completely remove surface scale and other foreign matter from metallic articles and especially those that have been heattreated such as castings, gears, springs, etc. and simultaneously protect the articles against hydrogen embrittlement, pitting,
  • etching, etc. by placing a coating on the surfaces thereof thus producing an improved product, having perfectly homogeneous surfaces, free from surface differences tending to produce local voltaic couples, said products being capable of being used as articles upon which subsequent surface treatment can most advantageously be done such as the depositing of metal thereon or which may be storedwithout-surface deterioration such as corrosion.
  • My preferredelectrolyte is an aqueous solution of the mineral acids, sulfuric and bydrochloric, together with a definite amount of a sodium salt, preferably the chloride or sulfate and containing lead in solution.
  • a sodium salt preferably the chloride or sulfate and containing lead in solution.
  • Lead anodes are customarily used and in the presence of hydrchloric acid or chlorides,
  • Potassium salts may be used in place of sodium salts but the latter are cheaper.
  • the same bath can be used continuously for an indefinite period and its original efficiency maintained by the occasional addition of a little acid and sodium chloride.
  • Scale particularly scale formed as the result of heat treatment, often contains a relalively large amount of magnetite (F0 0,). This is quite insoluble in acids and is a good conductor of electricity. ⁇ Vith low current densities'such as are generally employed it lead or copper plating the metal to be deposited deposited on top of the scale. As a result no complete cleaning is obtained and. the heavy scale is not removed nor are the particles of sand, etc., and the work does not present a clean surface uniformly covered with lead.
  • the resistance offered by metal or metal compound areas of the work is appreciably different: With my acid-sulfate-chloride bath the lowest resistance asa rule is offered by the oxide-filmed iron surface and then the cleaned iron surface; next in order is the lead (plated on iron) surface and then the lead-hydrogen compound surface.
  • the presence of the oxide film on the iron surface may be regarded as a depolarizer and the resulting potential is lower than that required for the deposition of lead. Immethe different diately the film is removed or reduced, the
  • the surface of the iron and steel parts cleaned by my process is remarkably free from the normal tendency to rust or corrode on contact with the atmosphere, and thus such iron or steel parts are better adapted to storage or subsequent surface treatment.
  • the removal of scale and the simultaneous deposition of lead produces a homogeneous surface free from local voltaic electrical couples which, as is well known, are the frequent cause of surface corrosion.
  • the metal to be cleaned may be suspended and stationarily supported between the anodes, or the work forming the cathodes may be suspended from a suitable traveling conveyor and drawn through the solution, between the anodes, as will later be again referred to.
  • the two series of anodes would obviously be connected to the positive pole of a generator, whereas the work forming the cathodes would be connected to the negative side of the generator.
  • a preferable form of tank for carrying out my improved cleaning process is one made of wood or other suitable material proportioned and sized according to the particular class of work to be handled, and means for handling same.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a suit able form of tank containing the necessary solution, anodes and mears for supporting the work therebetween;
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central sectional "iew of a tank and conveyor, broken away, showing my improved method applied In connection with a movable work conveyor, and
  • Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view taken on line 33 of Fig. 2, better to illustrate the position of the work between the two lines of anode plates.
  • 5 represents a tank, 6 solution within the tank, 7 two anode rods which are insulatively supported at 8 on top of the end portions of the tank and are connected to the positive side of low voltage direct-current generator by wires 9.
  • the anodes 4 are preferably in the form of lead plates, and provided with attached hooks 10, by means of which they are hung from rods 7, which serve as conductors for carrying current.
  • the third rod 11, positioned between the two anode rods 7-7, is also supported on suitable insulating blocks 12, secured to the top of the tank and serves as the cathode rod which is in contact with a current carrier which leads to the negative side of same low voltage direct-current generator.
  • the work herein shown is of ring form, and designated as 13, and may obviously be of steel, cast iron or the like, and supported by a simple form of hook 14, from the cathode rod 11. This work is supported in spaced relation to each other from these rods, and at equal distances between the two lines of anodes.
  • the tank 5, for the moving cathodes, shown in Figs. 2 and 3, may be similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 except longer, and it is also true of the anode rods 7, upon which a greater number of anodes would be supported insubstantially the same manner as that shown in Fig. 1.
  • I propose to employ a suitable conveyor upon which the work may be hung or laid for the purpose of moving through the tank during the cleaning operation.
  • I have shown a simple form of sprocket chain 11 which is supported at each end of the tank by sprocket wheels 1515, mounted upon shafts 1616 that can be 0 eratcd by any suitable means. This cham would obviously be connected to carry negative current from generator and serves to support the.
  • the action of the current is to blast off the scale at the cathode with the accompanying simultaneous evolution of hydrogen and deposition of lead.
  • foreign matter are used herein as an all-inclusive term for such materials as-scale, rust, grease, paint, etc., which are often found on the surfaces of manufactured I have used the word iron in'the generic sense as including not only what is commonly called iron, but. also steel and other ferrous alloys.
  • a cleaning process for metallic articles comprising the electrolytic generation of excessive h drogen upon such anarticle as a cathode or the removal of the surface foreign matter therefrom with a concurrent deposition of a continuous coating of lead thereon.
  • a cleaning process for iron parts comprising suspending such parts as cathode in an acid solution and removing surface foreign matter therefrom by the electrolytic generation of hydrogen upon said cathode with by the deposition of a continuous metal film thereon.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
US145462A 1926-11-01 1926-11-01 Electrolytic method of cleaning metal Expired - Lifetime US1775671A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US145462A US1775671A (en) 1926-11-01 1926-11-01 Electrolytic method of cleaning metal
GB9064/30A GB353488A (en) 1926-11-01 1930-03-21 Improvements in method of cleaning the surface of metals
DE1930558022D DE558022C (de) 1926-11-01 1930-03-25 Verfahren zum Reinigen und Blankmachen der Oberflaeche von Metallen durch Elektrolyse
FR693199D FR693199A (fr) 1926-11-01 1930-04-02 Procédé de nettoyage de la surface des métaux

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US145462A US1775671A (en) 1926-11-01 1926-11-01 Electrolytic method of cleaning metal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1775671A true US1775671A (en) 1930-09-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US145462A Expired - Lifetime US1775671A (en) 1926-11-01 1926-11-01 Electrolytic method of cleaning metal

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1775671A (de)
DE (1) DE558022C (de)
FR (1) FR693199A (de)
GB (1) GB353488A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118301A (en) * 1976-07-20 1978-10-03 Heritage Silversmiths Limited Apparatus for electrochemical finishing of stainless steel
US4966672A (en) * 1988-08-26 1990-10-30 National Semiconductor Corporation Electrolytic apparatus with unequal legged basket-carrier
US20130015060A1 (en) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-17 Fih (Hong Kong) Limited Anode oxidation device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE741666C (de) * 1942-01-12 1943-11-15 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Verfahren zum elektrolytischen Entfernen von an Ventilkegeln von insbesondere Auslassventilen hochwertiger Brennkraftmaschinen abgesetzten Verunreinigungen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4118301A (en) * 1976-07-20 1978-10-03 Heritage Silversmiths Limited Apparatus for electrochemical finishing of stainless steel
US4966672A (en) * 1988-08-26 1990-10-30 National Semiconductor Corporation Electrolytic apparatus with unequal legged basket-carrier
US20130015060A1 (en) * 2011-07-15 2013-01-17 Fih (Hong Kong) Limited Anode oxidation device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR693199A (fr) 1930-11-17
DE558022C (de) 1932-09-05
GB353488A (en) 1931-07-21

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