US1772429A - Coke oven - Google Patents

Description

ug. 5, `1930. H. PETscH 1,772,429

' COKE OVEN Filed July '7, 1924 2 Shoots-Shut 1 Lnwllklumlw Inl...)

Patented Aug. 5, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT ori-ica Application led July 7, 1924, Serial No.

This invention relates to coke ovens and more particularly to improvements in the type of oven described in British Patent N o. 23,459 of 1910, in which the walls or binders of the heating flues were provided with air passages adapted to conduct the air necessary to support combustion to the heating fines.

In coke ovens, as heretofore constructed, and which were provided with vert-ical heating ilues, an extremely high temperature was produced at the point where the heating gases were burned, particularly in cases where the air for combustion was highly preheated. In fact, so high was this temperature that frequently the refractory bricks, of which the walls of the flues were made, were fused, this fusing occurred usually toward the end of the cokin process when the coke body had absorbe practically its full capacity of heat and the refractory bricks could transmit no more heat thereto.

In the structure shown in the British patent mentioned an attempt was made to overcome this difficulty and, in fact such diiculty was, to a large extent7 overcome, but I have found ,l in practice, for the purpose of obtaining a, uniform heat throughout the length of the flue, it is essential to proportion along the flue the amounts of air for combustion, i. e., to

supply the total air in several different portions in a manner which is accomplished by the special structural means hereinafter claimed.

It is therefore the object of this invention to provide a special method of proportioning the amounts of air admitted to the heating flues at various levels whereby gradual coinbustioii and uniform heating throughout the length of each heating flue is obtained iiistead of having a maximum temperature at one point and from there a decrease of such temperature toward the exit end of the flue.

Specifically stated the inventoiii consists in proportioning the amounts of air supplied by diinensioning the air outlets in such manner that their cross sectional areas are gradually increased from the initial point of coinbustion toward the exit of the flue whereby a substantially uniform temperature may be maintained throughout the length of the flue.

724,708, and in Germany August l, 1923.

Further objects and advantages which are Gained by this invention will appear as the following specific description is read in connection with the accompanying drawin s which forni a part of this application and in which: A

Figure 1 is a detail longitudinal vertical sectional view of a part of the heating wall of a coke oven showing my improvement, the section being taken on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2;

Figure 2 is a transverse -sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a sectionvview similar to Figure l showing a. modification, and taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4;

Figure 4 is a section view similar to Figure 2 an taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Referring more particular to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawin ,m indicates the oven chamber, of which t ere may be any number, as will be readily understood. Between the several oven chambers usually employed to make an oven block, is arran ed a plurality of heating lues a separated y transversely extending walls b. These heating flues are connected, as is shown in all of the figures, with the gas main g by vertically disposed nozzles f which serve to conduct the required amount of gas from the distributing main g to the base of each flue a.

As shown in Figure 1, each wall or binder b is provided with a vertical passage c communicating at its lower end by means of a diagonal conduit z' with a distributing passage or main Iz. arranged to receive air from any suit-able source. This air may be, if desired, preheated in the -recuperators or regenerators (not shown). The main passages le terminate in the present example slightly above a point midway of the 'heiglitof the walls and each has a plurality of outlets indicated at c, d and e, which gradually increase in size. In other words, the outlet c which, as shown, is situated at the lowest level, is the smallest, d is the next larger and e, which is situated at the highest level, is the largest of the three air ports. This Inanner of graduating the outlets e z d e is an mportant feature of my invention and the essential means for obtaining the required proper proportioning of air for supporting combustion. It is, of course, to be understood that the graduating of the air outlets as shown and described may be varied somewhat without in any way departing from the spirit of this invention.

In Figure. 1 and Figure 3 the outlets c, d and c extend from the passages c to opposite sides of the wall or binder b and on diverging lines, but if desired, this arrangement may be changed, and other positions and locations of the discharge openings c, (l and e may be adapted. Normally it is found desirable in the construction shown in Figure 1 to provide two air discharge-openings at each level in the same flue. these openings to be situated oppositely to each other.

One variation of the above described form is disclosed in Figure 3 wherein each of the walls b1 and b3 are provided with the air supply passages la and the discharge orifices c d and e, as shown in Figure l. Each alternate wall {i2-b* are provided with passages t which extend throughout the length of these walls and communicate at the base thereof with conduits or flues u. The flues t in this instance are utilized for conducting away the waste products of combustion from the main collecting channel s, and the conduits u have communication directly with the chimney. In the form of Figure l the waste products of combustion pass from the flues a directly into the collecting channel s which is coupled to, or communicates with the chimney at a suitable point not shown.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the passages le are supplied with air through diagonally arranged conduits 'i which communicate with the air main L arranged beneath the coke chamber m. In Figs. 3 and 4 the conduits z' are connected with the main h' and the conduits u are connected to the discharge main h2 which communicates with the chimney. Both mains h and h2 as shown, are arranged beneath the coke chamber lm, and occupy the space occupied by the main h in the construction ofFigures 1 and 2.

In the operation of the construction disclosed in Figures 1 and 2, combustible gas, for instance, purified coke oven gas, returned from the by-product plant is conveyed to the distributing channel or main g from whence it passes into the heating flues a by way of the nozzles f. At the same time air, preferably which has been preheated in the regenerators or recuperators, is conveyed to the main h, from whence it passes through the conduits z' into the passages-lc and is discharged therefrom through the graduated openings c, d and e into the flues a from opposite sides thereof.

The products of combustion rise in the heating `lues a and pass outwardly into the collecting channel 8, where they are taken olf to the chimney inthe direction of the arrows in Figure 1.

The operation of the` structure shown in Figures 3 and 4 is identical with that of Figures 1 and 2 except that after the products of combustion have been discharged from the upper end of the heating flues a into the colJ lecting channel s, they then pass downwardly through the channels t in the alternate walls or binders and are discharged through the passages u into the discharge main h2 from which they are conducted to the chimney. In this form, however, it will be noted that there is only one discharge of air into each flue at each level, as distinguished froln the two opposite jets at each level disclosed in Figure 1. However, the correct proportioning of the air outlets with this type by the proper dimensioning of the air produces the same effect and results as to uniform heating as are obtained with the symmetrical arrangement of opposite openings as disclosed in Figures 1 and 2.

The proportioning of the amounts of air fed to the flues at the respective levels which will be obtained by dimensioning the air outlets c, d and E according to my invention as described above enables me to achieve with certainty a gradual combustion of the heating gas. This ensures to perfectly distribute the heat of the products of combustion over the whole length of the heating flues and to obtain a uniform and even temperature throughout the height of the heating wall.

The foregoing facts have been determined in practice by taking pyrometrical readings at various levels in the heating flues which disclose only very slight difference intemperature between the hottest and coolest points. This uniform temperature effectively obviates any overheating and consequently prevents fusion of the refractory material and at the same time assures complete heating without causing carbon or graphite deposits in the flues. The success of this progresslve combustion and uniform heating displays itself in operation by a very consider'-v ably reduced coking time without putting an unusual burden upon the refractory materiali It has also been found out in practice that there is a considerable increase in the yield of coke and by-products and the coke produced is of uniform size with considerable better physical properties.

In consequence of the uniform and even heating which obviates any excess of heat expense, I have found that less gas is consumed in obtaining the required amount of heat and that the production of tar, am'- monia and benzol is materially enhanced both as-to quality and quantity.

When by-product ovens were first built the height of the oven chambers was about 6 feet only but the tendency for some time past has been to increase the height so as to increase the output of each individual oven, and at the present time many ovens are being built as high as 11 feet and more. In these high ovens it has been found almost impossible to obtain correct coking throughout, but by properly proportioning the admission of air as described I have found that from the base of the Hue toward the upper end thereof, and means for feeding gas to the base of the Hues.

2. In a coke oven, vertical Walls defining vertical heating Hues, means for feeding gas to the base of the Hues, certain of said walls adjacent to each Hue, having vertical air passages therein with outlets discharging into the Hues, said outlets being arranged at different levels and. graduated so that their cross sectional areas increase from the gas inlet end to the vupper end of the Hues.

3. In a coke oven, vertical walls defining vertical heating Hues, means for feeding gas to the base of said Hues, certain of said walls adjacent to each Hue, having vertical air assages therein, beginning from jbelow the Ease of the Hue and being provided with outlets discharging into the Huesat different levels, said outlets being graduated so that their cross sectional areas increase from the lowermost to the uppermost.

l. In a coke oven, vertical walls defining 1 vertical heating Hues, means for feeding gas to the base of said Hues, certain of said walls having vertical air4 passages therein, with outlets arranged at different levels and discharging into the Hues and oppositely to each other, the cross sectional areas of said outlets progressively increasing from the gas inlet end to the upper end of the Hues.

5. In a coke oven, vertical walls defining vertical heating Hues, means for feeding gas to the base of the filles, certain of said walls having vertical air passages therein, a common horizontal air main below the Hues and having connection with said vertical air passages, said air passages provided with outlets arranged at different levels and dischargin into the Hues and oppositely to each ot er, the cross sectional areas of said outlets progressively increasing from the gas inlet end to the uppergend of the Hues.

`6. In a coke oven, walls defining vertical heatin Hues, means for feeding gas to the base osaid Hues, two of said walls on opposite sides of one of said Hues having `vertical air passages therein with outlets which are arranged at different levels andoppositely to l each other and communicating with said one of Jsaid Hues, the cross sectional areas of the said outlets progressively increasing from the gas inlet 'end to the upper en d of the Hues.

In a coke oven, walls defining vertical heating Hues, means for feeding gas to the base o said Hues, two of said walls on opposite sides of one of said Hues having vertical vair passages therein which communicate below with a common horizontaLair-main'and Y are provided with outlets arranged at different levels and oppositely `to each other and communicating with said one of said Hues, the cross sectional areas of the said outlets progressively increasing from the gas inlet end to the upper end of the Hues.

8. In a coke oven, a vertical combustion Hue defined by walls, one of said walls being provided with an air passage having port means at different levels discharging into said Hue and constituting means for supplying air for combustion to said Hue, the port means at one of said levels above the lowermost level being adapted to convey air therethrough at a volume rate greater than that of the port means at the lowermost level when subjected to substantially the same pressure, together with means for feeding gas to said Hue adjacent the base thereof.

9. In a coke oven, a vertical combustion Hue defined by walls, one of said walls being provided with an air passage having port means at different levels discharging into said lHue and constituting means for supplying air for combustion to said Hue, the port means v at any one of said levels above the lowermost HERMANN PETSCH.

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