US971137A - Coke-furnace. - Google Patents

Description

W. MUELLER.

COKE PUBNAGE.

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Patented Sept. 27, 1910.

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W. MUELLER. COKE FURNAGB.

APPLIGATION rILEn 2315.3, 1910.

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W. MUELLER.

COKE FURNAGB. l APPLICATION FILED P EB. 3,1910. 971, 1 37. Patented sepa-27, 1910.

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Patentad Sept 27, 1910.

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WILHELM MUELLER, or DUSSELDORF, GERMANY.

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To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, VVILIIELM MUELLER, a subject of the German Emperor, and residing at Dusseldorf, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coke-Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to the manufacture of coke and gas and apparatus therefor and comprises improvements in the supply and distribution of heating-gas and hot air in coke-ovens and gas-furnaces, and'particular chamber-furnaces having inclined or horizontal chambers and a single or double row of vertical heating flues in the partitioning walls.

An important object of my invention is to provide coke-ovens and chamber furnaces in which a very uniform continuous heating action is insured locally at the part of the oven walls beside the coking charge, for the purpose of obtaining a short duration of colring, good sound coke, and gas of high caloric and illuminating value.

In my improved furnace both the gas and the air may be introduced positively in eX- act proportions into sets of heating tlues in the walls between thecoling chambers, and equal quantities of waste gases may be conducted away separately, for the purpose of adjnstably uniformly heating all the parts of the walls of the coking chambers and therebyhastening the coking, which is a very important advantage as compared with the methods generally employed heretofore, especially in inclined chamber furnaces in which the fuel gas and air are supplied from only one place to all the heating flues and the waste gases are carried off through one passage; such a. method leaves the operation of the furnace more to chance than is the case with that according to my invention.

One embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings by way of example.

In said drawings z-Figure l is a vertical longitudinal section through the coking chamber of a furnace having inclined chambers taken on line `A-B in Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a vertical transverse section on line CMD in Fig. l; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the heating wall on line E-F in Fig. 4; Fig. l is a vertical transverse section on line G-H in Fig. 3 showing some coking Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 27, 1910. Application filed. February 3, 1910.

Serial No. 541,754.

chambers separated by single, and others by double fines; Fig. 5 is a section similar to that shown in Fig. 3 but taken on line J-K in Fig. 4l; Fig. 6 is a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, showing the ducts for supplying gas and air from the sole channels into the combustion iues; Fig. 7 is a. plan view partly in section, on an enlarged scale, showing part of a partitioning wall and the shape of the bricks composing the same; Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line L M in Fig. 9, similar to that in Fig. 6 but on an enlarged scale, partially through the oven chambers and the soleechannels thereof showing a modified improvement of the means for supplying gas and air from the sole channels into the combustion tlues of the chamber walls; and Fig. 9 is a vertical section on the line N --O in Fig S.

Similar reference characters designate corresponding parts in all views.

Referring to the drawings, the coking chambers or retorts A, which may be constructed inclined or horizontal, are provided with crude gas delivery pipes R, which are connected by the hydraulic main to the condensation plant, charging holes a and doors e in the usual manner. Each of the partitioning walls between the coking chambers contains one or two vertical heating or combustion lines lr. vertically under the coking chambers A and the heating lines thereof main distributing channels r/ and g, respectively, are provided arranged side by side, with which one or more regulating channels f and f, respectively, under the latter can be connected. Namely, the channels f, f can communicate with the main channels g and g by way of passages c and c which can be regulated from the Outside by means of dampers. At the entrance of the channels f/ and f and ofthe channels g and f principal dampers b, respectively, are provided, so that the supply of fuel gas and hot air may be partially or entirely cut ofi". The dampers 0, c and d, d arranged above the dampers L serve for throttling the admission to the main distributing channels g, g and the regulating channels f, f', respectively, according to the requirements at any time. Duets z', z", 2, 3 lead from the main distributing channels g, g', respectively, into the combustion fines fr opening above into channels 7a, above each of which a second discharge or supply channel Z is proloo vided; these channels Z communicate with the lower channels 7c by way of passages n which can be adjusted by small dampers, so that said channels Z can be connected with the combustion lues in sets of two or four, as shown in Figs. 3 and 5. The dampers at the passages n are accessible through the lateral opening fm, and also from above through the openings m. At their upper ends the two channels Za and Z are connected with the vertical flues 0 and p, which can be regulated by means of the dampers Q and r. The fines 0 and p open into the regenerator s which communicates below with the main waste-gas flue t, the latter being in connection with the boilers and smoke stack. The regenerator is divided, in the usual known manner, into two or three sections, see Figs. 2 and 4, the part s serving for cooling the waste gases and the part s for preliminarily heating the air for combustion.

My invention also comprises the arrangement, shown in Fig. 5, which enables the walls of the coking chambers to be heated alternately from below or above, or simultaneously in both directions. In this arrangement the upper channels Zc and Z and their regulatable passages 'n serve as gas supply and distribution channels, hot air being conducted from the sole channels g to the top part fw of the combustion flues by way of ducts c in the heating walls, as clearly shown in Figs. 5 and 7. Also, the channels 7c may be divided by small walls into short lengths in order to prevent the waste gases becoming fluctuating.

For obtaining the best possible combustion, before entering into the combustion flues Zt while passing through the passages z' and z" each current of gas and air from the sole channels g, g is split up by special means shown in Fig. 6 into two or more currents, whereby it is assured that the gas and air are thoroughly mixed.

A modified, improved arrangement for the supply of gas and air from the sole channels g, g into the combustion flues Zt is shown in Figs. 8 and 9. In this arrangement, the connections of the passages i and z" are provided with interchangeable nozzles y of special pattern. The sides of these nozzles y are shaped like a frustum of a cone so as to form the passages 3 somewhat slant ing toward the center passage Z.' Also, the side parts Z4 of the wall bricks are preferably prolonged above the nozzles and, if desired, may be provided with noses 5 in order to form close above the nozzle a mixing chamber for gas and air before they enter the combustion flue proper. Further, in order strongly to imite the bricks forming the partitioning walls, according to my invention the whole of these walls are built with only three different kinds of bricks: z'. e. one center brick having the air duct, one plain and one L-shaped stretcher, as will be understood from Fig. 7, the horizontal joints being provided with small grooves.

The required fuel gas for heating the oven or furnace may be obtained from the gases generated from the coal in the coking chambers and returned from the condensation plant to the ovens in the usual manner, or, as shown by way of example in the accompanying drawings, it is generated from coke or waste fuel in a producer P of known construction arranged close to the basement of the oven-furnace. For working this producer, preliminarily heated air is taken from the lower part of the regenerator, as shown by arrows in Fig. 3. In the event of fuel gas being supplied from the condensation plantor from a central producer plant, the gas will be conducted directly to the battery of furnaces through pipes Q and Q.

The coal to be carbonized or coked is charged from a coal bunker B above, preferably by gravity, through the charging holes a into the inclined coking chambers, and the coke is discharged by gravity when the lower door e is opened. If horizontal coking chambers are employed, the coke will be pushed out in the usual manner by a machine.

The operation of my improved coke-fun nace shown in Figs. l to l is as follows The fuel gas coming from the producer P or through the pipe Q enters into channel a at the front of the furnace, its quantity being regulated by the dampers Z), then enters the main distributing channel g as well as the regulating channel f', its quantity having been regulated, before it enters these channels, by the dampers c and (Z. Each of the passages e controlled by dampers serves for distributing the fuel gas to a group of four or more heating flues 71., the main distributing channel g serving as an equalizer. The air for combustion, which is admitted at u, passes through the regenerator s for the purpose of being heated, collects below at a, whence it follows the same path as the fuel gas. The supply of air is regulated in the manner described above. It is therefore possible at all times to regulate the quantity of gas and air requisite for each group of four or more heating flues. The fuel gas passes from the channel g through the ducts z' or Z2, 3, and the hot air from channel g through the ducts z" in small streams into the heating fines L quite near the level of the sole of the coking chamber; gas and air ignite while mixing', burn as they ow upward, and escape into the channels la. To attain equal pressure or draft over the whole of the walls of the furnace, the waste gases must be carried away in quantities exactly equal to those in which gas and air are supplied, in order to avoid the products of combustionbeing wire-drawn or throttled in the channels f. To this end, above the fines h, a system of passages similar to the lower system is provided, so thatthe quantity of gas and air introduced below can be regulated and distributed to every part of the furnace by regulating the dampers, without impeding the draft of the adjacent parts owing to the gases being throttled in the channels L. From the channels 7c and Z the waste gases pass down the vertical flues 0 and y) which are regulated both above and below by dainpers g' and r. These Waste gases then enter the regenerator s leaving the heat contained in them in the checkerwork of the masonry and transmitting it to the air introduced into the adjacent compartment s. The remaining waste heat finally leaves the regenerator s through a regulatable passage opening` into the main smoke tlue Z5, from which it is drawn otf by the smoke stack into the atmosphere.

For coliing some kinds oi'l coal it will be preferable to work the oven as shown by arrows in Fig. Gas and air are supplied from below alternately only to every second heating flue it; the products ot combustion which collect above are then led down the adjacent iiues, from which they escape through the passages z' into one half of the sole channel f/ and from here, through the openings 9 into the regenerator as hereinbefore described. On the other hand gas and air may be supplied by way ot the pipe Q or tlues 7) through the upper system of channels k, Z and the air passages o in the partition walls for heating sets of four or two combustion fines partially or wholly from above.

The improved arrangement of the regulatable distribution channels avoids the danger ot' the gas and air coming into contact before the heating wall is reached, where gas and air are to enter the combustion tlues in controllable quantities, and the fact that air is introduced highly preheated into each individual combustion flue, assures the best possible combustion. Further, on account of the always constant temperature over the entire walls of the coking chambers, the duration of coking is reduced to a minimum and the coke produced is of greater hardness and superior quality than that obtained from other ovens or furnaces. Owing to being able to use coke or other waste fuel for heating the furnace chambers, the principal or entire quantity of the gases generated from the coal in the chambers, is available for illuminating or power purposes.

I claim 1. The combination, in a coke-furnace, of a plurality of rows of vertical heating lues forming the sides of coking chambers, each of said tlues having 'an outlet and gas-ducts and air-ducts for supplying gas and air separately into the same, superposed interconnected channels above said heating fines and adapted to be connected therewith in sets, superposed, interconnectech main distributing and regulating gas-supply channels connected with said gas-ducts, and superposed, interconnected, main distributing and regulating air-supply channels connected with said air-ducts.

The combination, in a coke-furnace, of a plurality of rows of vertical heating iiues forming the sides' of coking chambers, each of said tlues having an outlet and gasducts and air-ducts for supplying gas and air separately into the same, superposed, interconnected channels above said heating fines and adapted to be connected therewith in sets, superposed, intfenconnected, main distributing and regulating gassupply channels connected with said gasducts, superposed, interconnected, main distributing and regulating air-supply channels connected with said air-ducts, dainpers at the admission ends of said gas-supply and said air-supply channels, dampers at the discharge ends of said former channels, and means for supplying gas to said former channels.

The combination, in a coke-furnace, of a plurality ot inclined rows of vertical heating iiues forming the sides of colzing chambers, each of said fines having an out-let and gas-ducts and air-ducts for supplying gas and air separately into the same, superposed, interconnected channels above said heating iiues and adapted to be connected therewith in sets, superposed, interconnected, regulatai ble, main distributing and regulating gassupply channels connected with said gasducts in sets, and superposed, interconnected, regulatable, main distributing and regulating air-supply channels connected with said air-ducts in sets.

t. The combination, in a coke-furnace, of a plurality of rows of vertical heating flues forming the sides of coking cham-bers, each of said tlues having an outlet and gas-ducts and air-ducts for supplying gas and airseparately into the same small division walls (ai) in the upper channel (la) to form short sets of tlues, superposed, interconnected channels above said heating lines adapted to be connected therewith in sets, the upper of said superposed channels having walls dividing the same into sets of tlues, superposed, interconnected, main distributing and regulating gas-supply channels connected alternately with said gas-ducts, and superposed, interconnected, main distributing and regulating air-supply channels connected alternately with said air-ducts.

The combination, in a colte-furnace, of a plurality of rows of vertical heating tlues forming the sides of coking chambers, said flues having inlets and outlets alternately at the bottom thereof and orifices at the top thereof, superposed supply and distribution channels above said lines and adapted 'to be connected with said orices in sets, regulatable, superposed, interconnected gas-supply channels below, and connected with the inlets at the bottom of said flues, regulatable, superposed, interconnected air-supply channels below, and connected with the inlets at the bottom of said flues, and chiots connecting said air-supply channels with the upper portions of the heating flues having inlets in the top thereof.

G. The combination, in a coke-furnace, of a plurality of rows of vertical heating flues forming the sides of coking chambers, said flues having inlets and outlets alternately at the bottom thereof and orifices at the top thereof, superposed supply and distribution channels above said flues and adapted to be connected with said orifices in sets, regulatable, superposed, interconnected gas-supply channels below, and connected with the inlets at the bottom of said flues, regulatable, superposed, interconnected air-supply ehan nels below, and connected withthe inlets at the bottom of, said flues, ducts connecting said air-supply channels with the upper portions of the heating flues having inlets in the top thereof, and a regenerator adapted to be connected with said channels above said ues and with said air-supply channels, for the purpose specified.

7. In a coke-furnace, a coking chamber having heating walls built up of oblong center bricks each having a duct through the same, plain stretcher bricks and L-shaped stretcher bricks, substantially as illustrated.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

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