US1253445A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

T. VON BAUER.

l COKE OVEN. APPLICATION FILED JULY l1. i913.

Patented Jan.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1 www@ T. VGN BAUER.

CKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED JULY Il. I9I3.

Patented Jan. 15, NIS.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MM45.. r

llTED @Trad FATE 'EHEDOR von BAUR, 0F TATENBURG, 1N THURINGIA, GERMANY, ASSIGNGR TU BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, OIE' NEW YORK, N. Y.

CGKE-DVEN.

refranes.'

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 315, figlie.

Application filed July 11, 1913. Serial No. 778,427.

have invented certain new and useful lImprovements in Coke-Ovens, of which the following is a specification. A

My invention relates to a recuperativc coke-oven which is adapted to yield byproducts and which comprises heating walls having horizontally divided flues to which preheated air and heating gas are supplied according to need from the front of the furnace with or without the use of a blast and with or witliout fractional Working as desired. v

@ne of the objects of my invention is to supply to the oven air and gas which are regulatable according to requirements, are

mixed in th theoretical proportions best for combustion and are considerably preheated, and to obtain thereby a much higher'heat economy, a smaller consumption of heating gas and larger surplus of gas than heretofore.

Other objects of my invention are to im` prove the manufacture of coke with or without the simultaneous recovery of by-products, to obtain an increased out-put thereof, and to improve the quality of the same.

Furthermore my object is to operate the oven with a director indirect supply of gas or a number directly and the other ovens indirectly, or to operate the ovens by a tractional method by which the rich gas obtained inthe earlier stages of colring is separated from the poor gas given oli at a later period of coking. In the direct mode of operation the gases evolved from the coal pass directly from the coking chamber into the heating fines without being conducted to the condensing plant. In the indirect mode of operation the gases evolved from the coal pass through the condensing plant, etc.,and after being deprived of the by-products the gases go to the heating Ylines and the surplus gas is stored. In the mixed mode of opera- .tion a number of ovens of a battery are worked by the direct mode and the remaining number either by the indirect or fractional mode.

Another feature of my invention lies in the construction and in the process by means of which the air and the gases for heating the oven are mixed, supplied and burned so that the heat increases in a downward direction fromthe roof to the bot-tom and so that the temperature at the'upper levels can be regulated andl controlled and kept down whereas the Atemperature at the lower levels of the heating fines is raised. By this means a decomposition of the gases evolved trom the charge is avoided. For it the heating flues of the oven and the walls ot colring chamber Were heated uniformly the top layer of coke will prematurel carlmniae and the ascending gases evolved trom the lower 'layers of coal are partially decomposed when they strike the bare top and sido walls of the oven, or when passing through the upper bed of hot coke. Another advantage obtained by progressively heating the charge in a downward direction is duc to the increasingadensity of the coal at the lower levels due to the pressure from the weight of the upper layers on the layers below. In order to coke the entire charge uniformly it is desirable to provide an increased heat for coking the de'nser layers.

In the oven constructed in accordance with my invention the upper passages of thc heating lues being horizontal and the lower passages vertical, I am enabled to regulate and control and moderate the heat in the upper lues at the same time increasing the heat in the lower flues to the greatest amount desired.

In further accordance with the invention,

= and to secure the desired temperature at the corresponding level, rows of shallow boxes filled with pieces of chamotte are arranged, which rows of boxes I now arrange as partition walls, in order that the air-gas mixture may be forced through them by the blast and in order to bring about a more perfect combustion owing to the narrow ramifying passages between the chamotte.

In addition to this, I make further constructiona-l improvements in the oven, which are hereinafter pointed out and described.

One illustrative embodiment of my invention is represented by way of example in the accompanying drawing wherein:-

Figure 1 is a transverse section oit' the oven, one-half of the section being taken .through a coking chambeiwand the other a furnace, the section being taken through the horizontal ducts for connecting the coking chambers through the interior ofA the' heating' wails.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail of a portion of the vertical fiues in the heating walls.

Fig. 6 is a vertical cross-section through the air ducts, vertical heating tlues and the oven chambe Fig. 7 is a vertical cross section of the heating wall through the heating channel carrying rows of shallow boxes.

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section through the horizontal heating tlues above the supports for the chamotte beds of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is a side View partly in section showing the lbng slide valve.

10 is a cross section .of Fig. 9.

Fig. 1l is a section showing the short slide valve. f

Referring to the drawing, the gas-air mixture which is in combustion in the upper liuc e passes through the short vertical passa es which are in the intermediate Wall be ow the Hue e and serve as distributers, to the second horizontalflue g. This flue g obtains from the nozzles of the' vertical pipes before the heads of the oven walls new supplies of gas and air, and the jets of gas and air so supplie-d impinge at a right angie on the combustion mixture which is streaming vertically from the ducts f.

The augmented. mixture no'w4 passes-over the top of the division wall' 7L and, by descending by the passage shown at the left of this wall, arrives in the third flue 1I. The division wall extends from side to side of the heating wallthis term being applied to the complete structure betweenad- )acent coking chambers-and contains two longitudinal ducts, lone for gas and one for air, each duct havino a number of downwardly directed branies or apertures. The air and gas ducts are shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The air duct u,communicates'with the recuperator u and the gas duct el with the gas main d. The flue z' thus obtains new sup plies of gas and air in a vertical direction from the apertures in the division wall f1, and in a horizontal direction from the said -verticalv pipes.

Air and gas mixed in the correct theoretical proportionsfor combustion, and pressed through a porous plate and ignited develop, as is well known, higher temperatures' than it is usual-manner.

The application of such pressures as would possible to obtain in the air to the heating walls partly from below here be needed is howeverout of the question owing to the construction of the cokeven. Moreover in coke-ovens temperatures so high as to call into requisition some very special refractory material for this purpose are not necessary.

My invention, having for an object to 'so arrange that the theoretical air requirements are met as far aspossible, iS however able to employ the usual refractory materials and regulating means.

To this end, shallowboxes having stone bottoms St perforated at 102 to admit the air and gases and lled with pieces of chamotte Seli are. built in below the Huez' and each row of these boxes serves as a division Wall forming the lower boundary of flue z'.

The'gas-air mixture, comprising the gradually augmented supplies ot' air and gas, is now compelled to penetrate the narrow ramilications between the pieces of chamotte filling the box-es.

Owing to that intimate mixture of gas and air which is so obtained, the combustion air is considerablybetter utilized so that a smaller consumption of gas and air is required, a heating gas of a higher calorific value is obtained from the charge in the coking chamber, shorter paths for the gases are required and consequently the space requirements are much reduced.

From the apertures .in the bottoms of the boxes the combustion mixture passes to the vertical fi-ucs 7c, whichtake thismixture to the bottom of the'combustiony chamber, and

from there the mixture passes under the bottom of the coking chamber O7@ through the sole channel Z and so reaches the recuperator. Between the vertical flues 7c are air ducts Lp, in which the preheated air which rises from the collecting iiue o, from the recuperator tlucs u is still further heated, and, passing out through openings o above the pieces o ,f chamotte, combines with the yet uncomblned constituent of the gaseous mixture. 1

The hot gases therefore ow from the highest flue e to the bottom of the oven, obtain on the way repeated accessions of air and gas, and the whole mixture becomes intimately mixed, as described, in the chamotte boxes which simultaneously act as heat reservoirs. Hence while this occurs, the temperature continually increases from the upper portion of the oven downwardly and can be exactly regulated. l

For this reason one well-known defect is obviated, viz. ,L the defect that the upper, V

them and partlyt'roni the front walls of the Lenaerts oven. The ilues of the'recuperator are divided in accordance with this distribution of the air, and it Vis possible to regulate, both in quantity and temperature,v the air to be supplied 'to the various places of combustion.

f he construction or the recnpcrator is seen from the drawing. The vaulted culvert L in the foundation is free from piping and return nozzles, and in this culvert are arranged the slide-valves b and c. By means of the slide-valve L air enters the lines of the recuperator o and passes onto the upper most ue lu1 serving as the collecting flue for the warm air.

This highest flue 'v1 distributes the previously warnied ai in the air ducts Ly) which, as stated have outlets in the direction ol the-vert'cal heating lines c.

The slide-valve c serves for supplying air to the lucs u of the recuperator 'lrorn which lues the air passes to the Vertical pipes l0- catcd at the front wall olf the oven, which pipes havebranches, not shown, connected with the upper portion ot' the heating walls.

ln order to be able to Supply air from the blower to yone or both of the biiiui'cating :iii: tlues r, u of the recnperalior, two air culverts 9,Which are connected to one blower, are built in the foundation masonry.

These `culi/erts are connected by short vertical ducts with the tlues fo, 'u in which ducts'are located iron slide-valves which can be reached through the apertures behind the slide-valves l), c.

The air from the blower can now clearly i go one Way (through the rines o) to the air ducts Lp and another way (through the fines u) to the vertical pipes. .By adjusting the valve in, the products which flow away under the oven-bottoni can he conducted, .in known manner, either into the lines of `the recuperator. or directly through the hridging flue p to the main culvert o for the discharged gases.

Devices are known for working the oven directly or indirectly by the aid oit connecting flues which are under the control ot closure valves and are located between the coking chambersv and the healing walls.

ln'the arrangements heretofore, however, the closure valves and the lines leading thereto must, when working indirectly, be lnted to prevent gas from passing; over ifi-oni the coking chambers to theV hearing walls, and when, on. the other hand, the change had to be made to direct working, all the valves inust be torn out el place. Such work is troublesome and tedious and the ehamotte valves are damaged thereby.

The gases from the aching; chambers lcan -be conducted extremely simplyand ,in a'.

manner adapted to the desired inode of working, when, as my invention provides, the nues connecting the ovcnrhrnners to the lieatingn walls are Constructed fol lows The coking chambers have, as seen from Figs. l and Ll. a number of felini-ging` apertures m, which are arranged in rows transverse to each of the colring` chambers. Between each of these transverse rows of apertures is arranged a double row of vertical ducts l). and the pairs oll ducts alongside one another are connected alternately to the @cking chambers and the heating walls. The adjacent ducts in each row are also con nected by a horizontal duct fr in a zig-zag niannc-r. as is clear from Fig. il. ln each horizontal duct r l arrange a valve in the VForni ol a slide lim which can be inserted troni th',x top oli the oren, and l', can thus close any duct ,-onncctinnj the colting chant ber to the heating wall. Owing to the zag;` arrangement ot horizontal ducts, l can thus connect a given coliing chamber with the heating wall located either at 't ie right o at the lett of it.

The said slide moves in a guide lll() huilt into the masonry 101, and has like its guide a Flange, whereby the two torni an air-tight joint. l preferably employ two slides one of which (lim) extends to the' bottoni of the horizontal duct and the shorter one (lim/1:) only down to the hottorn ot the guide.

Vl'vhcn the one or the other ol these slides is lowered until its flange lits we'll against the lange ot its guide, no lealage'ran occur from the horizontal duct and no lnting is required.

lllhen the long slide is lowered there is gas on both sides of it. Since the distillation gases liow away toward the outlet sc whore they are sucked away h ithe shalt,

andsince the gases in the heating llues also How away from the slidc'valve. the latter is protected from over-heating.

The shorter slide, 'when in glace, is entirely surrounded by bricliwork. rind consequently hot ojases cannot come into contact with ilv at all.

Applying the directl mode ot operation the short slide ll/m71" is used, leaving open the connor-,ting cross channel oif thc coling chamber and liealinn lines.

lfllhe indirect mode oi" operation is carried out by using); the long; slide Um. which closes the connecting cross chai'lnel and compels the gases to liow to the coi'idcnsing plant.

The iliractional inode of operation is carried oni by -nsing the long slide during the rich period and the short slide when .the poor gas period begins-in one or a number of ovens.

The mixed Inode of operations is carried out in such a manner thai while using the long slide in one or a number ol' ovens, the short slide is also in commission in one ,or a nuinber of ovens in an oven hattery.

If it is desired to always operate the oven by the indirect mode of operation, thus talring out the gases through the conduit S 1n Fig. l to the condensing plant, it is prefer- 6 able `to plug. the openings D bymeans of .stones g (Fig. l1). The stones is a cover stone. l p

I claimzf 1. A coke oven in which the temperature i0 increases from the upper portion of 'the oven downwardly, having in combination heating Walls which are divided by hori-y` zontal division walls so as rto provide horizontal iiues, means for supplying air and .gas to the upper lines-from the front of the oven, the horizontal division wall below the highest flue vhaving a plurality of vertical ducts arranged sideby side, which serve as distributers, the next horizontal ilue receiving the gaseous mixture from the distributers, means for supplying air and gas from the front of the oven to said next horizontal flue, a division wall over which the resultant mixture is guided, 'said wall being provided 26 with horizontal ducts for air and gas and downwardly directed apertures connected to said ducts, and a third horizontal ilue receiving the discharge from said ducts.

2; A coke oven having in combination 30 heating wallsdivided by horizontal division walls so as to provide horizontal fines, means for supplying air and gas to the upper flues from the front of the oven, the horizontal division wall belovT the highest lues having 85 a plurality of vertical ducts arranged side by side, which serve as distributers, the next i horizontal flue ieceivng the gaseous mixture from the distributers, means for supplying air and gas from'the front of the oven to 40 said next horizontal flue, a division wall 'over which the .resultant mixture is guided said wall being provided with horizontal ducts for air and gasand downwardly directed apertures connected to said ducts, a

third horizontal flue receiving the discharge from said ducts, and a system of vertical lines receiving the discharge from the third horizontal lflue, the parts of the oven being so constructed and arranged that the temq perature of the oven increases downwardly.

`3. A coke oven having in combination heating walls divided by horizontal divisionr walls so as to provide horizontal fines, means for supplying air and gas to the upper fines from the front ot the oven, the horizontal division wall below the highest flue having a plurality of vertical ducts arranged side byvside, which serve as distributers, the next horizontal flue receiving the gaseous mixeo ture from the distributers, means for supplying air. and gas from the front of the oven to said next horizontal flue, adivision wall over which the resultant mixture isuided said'wall being provided with hori- 'eaontai ducts for air and gas and downwardly directed apertures connected to said ducts, a third horizontal Hue'receiving the discharge from s aid ducts, a system of vertical fiues receiving the discharge from the third horizontal flue, and means for supplying fresh airto said system of vertical lilies.

4. A coke ,oven having in combination heating walls divided into horizontal ilues,

means for supplying air and gasfronrout- Aside of the oven to the upper-flue, a division Wall for' distributing the gaseous mixture discharged by the upper flue, a row of per- 'orated boxes containing refractory material forming part f said division wall, said material serving to mix the air and gas passing through them, a row of vertical Hues receiving the mixture passing through said boxes, said vertical lines being perforated' at the bottomto' discharge the hot combustion products, and a recuperatorforfreceiving the discharge.

5. A coke oven having a heatingw'all provided with horizontal division walls, said division walls dividing said heating wall into a plurality of combustion'nes, vertical flues arranged beneath the lower horizontal combustion flue formed by vision walls, air ducts between said vertical fines and communicating with them, a recuperator, means for delivering the air from said disaid recuperator, thiough saidair'ducts so as to additionally heat the air above the temperature produced by the recuperator.

6l A coke ovenl having heating walls provided with horizontal division Walls, vertical flues arranged beneath the horizontal flues formed by said division walls, air

ducts between Said vertical flues, a recuper. I

and the vertical flues, and means for guiding' "1.1.0 the air from the air ducts through said boxes into thewertical lues.

7. A recuperative. coke oven having in combination horizontal flues and vertical preheated air to the vertizontal iuesand .a sub-divided reuperator,

one part of which supplies the preheated air to the horizontal lues and the other part supplies highly preheatedv air to the vertical ues, the two parts of the recuperator be- -ing provided with valves forl the admission iwaaaaa supplying gas to the horizontal lues through a pipe at the outside of the oven. l

9. ln a coltingl oven the combination-"Qt aheating wall which is horizontally di vided, means for supplying air partly from i below and partly from in front of the oven, a plurality of verticalagas supply ducts arrangedin rows, the ducts in each row being alternatively connected to a. coking chamber and a heating wall and a plurality ofhorizontal ducts connecting two adjacent vern tical ducts in a row together with valves for closing said ducts.

10. A cohing oven having in combination arching chamber, aheating wall foiysaid chamber, a horizontal division Wall in the upper' portion ol? said heating wall so as to form a horizontal combustion flue and a, plurality of vertical combustion-fines com` municating with said horizontal combustion flue.

11. A cokingl oven having in combination a coking chamber, a heating wallv for said chamber, a horizontal division wall in the upper portion of said heating wall so as to form a horizontal combustion flue, a plurality of vertical combustion tlues communicating with said horizontal Hue, means for supplying heated fresh air and gas to the horizontal flue and means for supplying preheated air t0 said vertical lues.

12. In a coke oven the combination of a horizontal combustion Hue, vertical passages arranged along the length of said flue and acting as distributers of the gas to said flue and means for supplying air and gas in a direction substantially at right angles to said vertical passages.

13. In a coke oven the combination ot a horizontal division wall, said wall being provided with transverse openings and means 'for supplying air and gas to the combustion tlue beneath said wall in a direction substantially at right angles to the direction of the openings. V

14. In 'a coke oven the combination of a coking chamber, a heating wall provided with a heating-passage, a plurality of ducts in the root of the oien for connecting the coking chamber with the. heating passage at internals along the length of the coking fchaniber, van outlet conduit connecting said -coking chamber with a gas condenser and a plurality o'f short and `long slides, operated from the root of the oven, for said ducts whereby the coking chamber may be connected at one or more points to the heating passage or the products trom the coking chamber may be led to the condensing plant.

15. Inaeo-lte oven the combination of a plurality of coking chambers side by side, a-

heating wall between each pair ot coking chambers, said heating wall 'ontaining a heating passage, a plurality i openings 1n the roof of each coking chamber yl a pluiality of openings in the heating passages, ducts for connecting an opening in the 'root of a colring chamber with an opening in the heating wall and additional ducts for connecting an opening in the roof ofthe neighboring coking chamber with an opening in the said heating wall and slides in said ducts so that the gases may pass from adjacent coking chambers into the heating passage between said chambers when theslides are opened.

16. In a colte oven the combination of a coking chamber, one or more charging openings for said chamber, a heating wall on each side of said chamber provided with a heating passage, a plurality oi ducts in the roof of the oven for connecting the colting chamber with said heating passages at inten Avals. along the length of the coking chamber,

said ducts lying in rows transversely to the length of the oven and arranged at intervals between said charging openings, an outlet conduit connecting said coking chamber with a gas ,condenser and means manually operated from the roof of the oven for controlling said ducts whereby the coking chamber may be connected at one or more points to the heating passages or the products from the coking chamber may be led to the condensing plant.

17. In a coke oven the combination of a coking chamber, one vor more charging apertures for said coking chamber, a heating wall provided with a heating passage, a plurality ot ducts in the root ot' the oven for connecting the coking chamber with the heating passage at `one side of the coking chamber at intervals along the length of the coking chamber, a plurality of ducts in the roof of the oven for connecting said coking chamber with. the heating passage at the other side of the said coking chamber at intervals along its length, said. ducts lying in rows transverse to the coking chamber and located between said charging apertures, an outlet conduit connecting said coking charnber with a gas condenser and means manually operated troni the roof of the oven for controlling said ducts whereby the coking chamber may be connected at one or more points to the said heating passages or the products from the colring chamber may be led to the condensing plant. 4

18. In a` coke oven, the combination of a coking chamber, a heating wall provided with a heating passage, a plurality of ducts in the root' of the oven for connecting the coking chamber with the heating passage at one side of the coking chamber at intervals along the length of the coking chamber, a plurality of ducts in the rootlof the oven for connecting said coking chamber with the heating passage at the other side of the said coking chamber at intervals along its length,

charging apertures in the roof of the oven independent of and located between said ducts, an outlet conduit connecting said coking chambergjvith a gas condenser and s1icling plates manually operated from the roof of the oven for controlling said ducts Whcreby the coking chamber may be connected at one or more points to the heating passage or the products from the coking chamber may' be led to the condensing plant.

In testimony whereof, I ax my signature 10 n the presence of two wltnesses.

DR. :renoncia- V BAUER.'

Witnesses VOLDEMAR HAUPT, HENRY HASPER.

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