US1768651A - Brick-wall construction - Google Patents

Description

E. M.IWYATT BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 6 sheets-sheet 1 July 1, 1930.

July 1, 1930.

E. M. w rATT BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 fi/ H July 1, 1930.

E. M. WYATT 4 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet July 1, 1930. E. M. WYATT BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 July I; 1930. E. M. WYATT BRICK WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed Sept. 14, 1928 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented July 1, 193G NITED STATES PATENTPOFFICE EDWIN M. WYATT, OF MADISON, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO C. F. BURGESS LABORA- TORIES, INC., 0F MADISON, WISCONSIN, A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE BRICK-WALL CONSTRUCTION Application filed September i4f1928. SerialNo. 305,895.

This invention relates to a brick wall construction.

Heretofore brick walls have been of three general types, namely: solid brick, hollow brick, and brick veneer.

The solid brick wall is as its name signifies made solid of brick, except for themortar used to bed and bond the individual bricks.

The hollow wall is built double with an intervening brick-saving'void or space between, crossed by suitable metal or brick ties that serve to hold the two unit parts of the structure together.

The brick veneer is a structure which re duces the requisite brick by substituting for the inner portion of the double wall a struc ture of other material than brick,-usually a framework of w0odwhich.leaves but an exterior layer of brick.

The wall of the present invention is designed to embody the following features and advantages: It requires less brick than solid or hollow walls. Using substantially the number of bricks as the economical brick veneer wall, it requires no inner construction of wood vor material other than brick. By reason of the small amount of expensive brick and the labor employed in erecting it, it is economical in cost.

While the wall of the present invention is susceptible of a number of variations to meet special conditions,' the special reinforcing features of the present wall are so designed as to harmonize with and conform to the standard conditions ordinarily observed in the laying of brick in courses, sothat the reinforcing elements, which take the form of interior pilasters, can be built behind and interlocked or bonded with the front facing in such a way as to not disturb the course arrangement of the facing bricks. That is to say, the invention is one which adapts itself to methods commonly observed in the laying of-bricks in courses, and at the same time makes provision for adequate reinforcement of a front wall of sin lethickness without necessitating the use of ricks of s ecial sizes and without the need for employing special means for securing the reinforcing pilasters to the wall courses.

The arrangement furthermore is one which permits various modifications in the course arrangement of the wall, and permits the use of bricks of standard formation throughout, both in the wall and pilaster construction, although to meet special requirements it is sometimes desirable to employ half bricks of bats in a manner which will be particularly pointed out hereafter.

The invention also makes adequate provision for the attachment of metal or wooden lathe to the wall structure, with the provision of intervening dead air spaces, so that adequate insulation against heat and cold is provided for.

Further objects and details of the invention will appear from the description thereof, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein,-

.Figure 1 is a perspective view of the rear portion of a brick wall, showing the pilaster headers extending from Flemish courses with three stretcher courses intervening and metal lathing attached to the pilasters;

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing wooden lathing attached to the pilasters;

Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the provision made for pilasters of greater depth than standard;

Fig. 4 is a view illustrating two methods by which pilasters can be spaced to meet special structural requirements in pilasters where they do not come in accord with the regular rhythm of the brick-work;

Fig. 5 is a view showing the pilaster in a wall face which employs bull stretcher intervening courses;

Fig. 6 is a view illustrating the substitution of a bat for a full soldier brick where thewall face is built up of alternate Flemish .and bull stretcher courses;

F ig. 7 is a view illustrating the method of securing wall-board to the interior of the wall in lieu of lathe and plaster;

Fig. 8 is a view illustrating the employment of a filter between the pilasters, such as concrete or some insulating material like cellular y Fig. 9 is a view illustrating the method of ers of the present invention, the various courses being named for the purpose of clarity, and the position of the pilasters being indicated in dotted lines.

In building the reinforcing pilasters of the present invention, advantage is taken of the fact that the dimensions of standard brick are such as to permit the pilasters to be built behind the wall facing and to conform to the rhythm of the wall structure, which is of great importance, in that it obviates the necessity for special means for incorporating the reinforcing pilasters into the wall structure.

Each pilaster comprises alternate headers built into and protruding inwardly from the wall facing, in conjunction with vertically disposed soldier bricks which fit between and are bonded with the headers, so that a continuous reinforcing pilaster is provided which is recurrently bonded into or integrated to the wall itself.

The length of a standard brick is substantially equal to twice its width and slightly more than three times its thickness, and in view of this circumstance a single vertically dis osed soldier brick will span three courses of rick laid flatwise pr in running stretcher courses with mortar oints, or will s an two courses with the bricks standing on e ge or in the formation known as bull stretcher courses. It is evident, therefore, that the present invention lends itself equally to wall constructions in which the intervening courses comprise either three layers of brick laid flatwise, or two layers of brick laid ed ewise.

The headers, in order to aifor adequate protrusion from the rear face of the wall, must be laid crosswise thereof, and present their butt ends to the outer wall surface, and where the headers are alternated with bricks laid flatwise in the usual manner, the header courses of the style known as Flemish courses will recurrentl present themselves in the face of the wal with two or three intervening stretcher courses between the headers.

Other variants of this principal idea will be described in detail.

Referring to Fi re 1, the structure com-' prises three stretc er courses 20, with the bricks laid flatwise and bonded by the usual mortar joints. Above and below the group of stretcher courses are bonding courses 21, which as shown are of the style known as Flemish courses, with the alternate bricks 22 extending crosswise of the wall structure and protruding the width of a brick to the rear and in vertical alignment with one another.

The pilasters are completed by the insertion of bricks 23 standing on end as soldiers and bonded into position between the headers so that a pilaster is provided which anchors and reinforces the face of the wall and afiords a maximum depth equal to the length of a brick or equal to a double course solid brick wall.

Fig. 1 also shows a number of isolated headers 24 which are not built into complete pilasters but which assist as a backing for metal lathe 25, or other interior wall finish. As shown, the soldier bricks and isolated header bricks are provided with holes 26 for j course bricks 33 resting alternately upon theheaders 22 and 24. Of course, where additional reinforcement is required, the isolated headers may be transformed into pilasters by the insertion of vertically disposed soldier bricks, the invention readily lending itself to any desired spacing of the pilasters which may be closely spaced at distances equal only to the length of a single brick, or at spaces representing multiples thereof.

The wall of Fig. 2 is similar to that heretofore described, but in this instance vertical furring strips 34 are secured by wire ties 35 to the pilasters or to the rows of isolated headers, or both, which furring strips serve for the nailing of lath 36 which provides a backing for a plaster coat 37.

Fig. 3 at the left illustrates a variation in the positioning of the soldier bricks as constituents of the pilaster, from which it will be observed that the upper soldier brick presents its side in parallel relation to the wall and in spaced relation therefrom, while the lower soldier brick presents its edge in closely abutting relation to the wall.

The spaced arrangement of the upper soldier brick affords a method of providing continuous interior wall passages where desired,

or for anchoring a cement or'similar filler into the brick-work of the wall.

In the case of the middle pilasters shown in Fig. 3, the headers are extended inwardly to a greater than normal distance, and a bat 38 is provided to afford the exterior surface-finish for the wall. A still greater protrusion of the headers is indicated at the right of Fig. 3, in which case the inner end of each header is extended by the bonding of a bat 39. In this instance, the soldier brick will be positioned to break joints with the bond between the header and the but so as to reinforce the former against. dislodgment.

various spacing arrangements with respect.

thereto. As shown, the soldier bricks may be arranged in pairs, if desired, which, of

course, provides for additional reinforcement to meet special structural requirements, or to afford a greater thickness of wall if desired.

In Fig. 6, in lieu of the full sized soldier bricks, a bat 40 is employed which'is interposed between closely spaced headers in cases Where the bonding courses alternate with a siingle bull course of the bricks standing on e ge.

In Fig. 4, another variant is shown, which, however, is not in harmony with the rhythm of the wall.structure. In this case, wedge- I shaped bat headers 41 may be inserted into notches 42 in the wall course formed by beveling off the rear inner corner of the contiguous course bricks; or, in lieu of this arrangement, full sized header bricks 43 may be employed in conjunction with half facing bricks 44 supplemented by quarter filling brick bats 45 to afford bonding headers for the pilasters at 10- cations that for structural reasons cannot be located in conformity with the normal rhythm of the wall.

Figure 5 shows an arrangement where the I intervening courses are of the bull stretcher type.

In Fig. .7, furring strips 46 are secured to that the arrangement of the soldier bricks in the pilasters is such as to afford a space 50 for the inflowing and anchoring of the ocment filler, so that the framework and cement of the wall will be completely interlocked and bonded together throughout.

Fig. 9 shows a means for securing a form board 51, which is held in place by clamping bars 52,'which in turn are secured to'the pilaster by the provision of clamps 53 entered throu h the bars 52. Screw handles 54 enable the. bars to be tightly clamped against the form boards.

Fig. 10, which illustrates Flemish bonding courses with three intervening stretcher courses, clearly indicates the space arrangement of the pilasters, which may be spaced apart the length of a single brick or multiple thereof.

Fig. 11 illustrates a wall laid to present a Flemish garden wall bond construction. Full headers are used in those courses bond- In Fig. 14, two bull stretcher courses are shown between theheader courses, which effects a saving of brick'with a corresponding thinning of the wall in the areas intervening between the bonding courses.

n Fig.v 15, all Flemish courses are shown, which necessitates the use of bats in cases where the inward protrusion of intervening brick would interfere with the building up of the pilasters.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the invention is one which readily lends itself to numerous variations, althoughwhere special structural requirements do not interfere it is desirable to arrange the pilasters in such a way that they will not interfere with the rhythm of the wall construction or necessitate the use of half bricks or bats to any considerable extent. The use of Flemish courses as the bonding courses conforms admirably to this requirement, since the header bricks will normally stand in vertical alinement and will in all instances break joints with the bricks of the intervening stretcher courses, whether three intervening stretcher courses or two intervening bull courses are employed. This arrangement, therefore obviates the necessity for cutting any of the bricks in the wall structure and enables the pilasters to be built up easily and rapidly as the courses are laid and the building operation progresses in the normal manner.

The invention is one which meets the requirements of economical building construction and affords an exterior brick surface conformable to standard styles and requirements with the use of a minimum amount of brick and without sacrificing of strength, since the vertical disposition of the soldier bricks in the pilasters tends effectively to tie the courses together by vertical cross bonds which are firmly bonded into the header bricks constituting an integral portion of the wall structure.

I claim:

1. In a brick wall construction, the combinationof bonding courses having'as constituents thereof, stretcher bricks with intervening fiat laid header bricks inwardly protruding, soldier bricks inter osed between the inwardly protruding hea er bricks to constitute longitudinally separated vertical pilasters, and sufficient intervening stretcher courses to space the bonding courses a distance substantially equal to the height of the soldier bricks.

2. In a brick wall construction, the combination of bonding courses having as con stituents thereof, stretcher bricks with intervening flat laid header bricks recurrently laid to present their ends exteriorly and to project inwardly beyond adjoining stretcher bricks, each in vertical alignment with bricks similarly projecting from other bonding courses, intervening stretcher courses, Vertical soldier bricks interposed between all of the header bricks in certain columns and having a side flush with the ends thereof forming longitudinally separated vertical pilasters, and an interiorwall construction abutting against and connected to the pilasters and the ends of the disconnected header bricks whereby the disconnected header bricks provide spacing and supporting means for said interior wall.

3. In abrick wall construction composed entirely of bricks of standard uniform size, a plurality of bonding courses in spaced relation to one another and interspersed by stretcher courses, the bonding courses comprising stretcher bricks laid parallel with the wall structure, and intervening bricks laid flat in transverse relation thereto, to provide inwardly projecting headers in vertical alignment, and bricks set on end as soldiers and incorporated between certain of the vertically aligned headers and standing behind and spaced away from the intervening courses and bonded to contiguous header bricks to provide pilasters, and a plastic filler filling the spaces betweenthe inner face of the pilesters and the main structure of the wall.

4. In a brick wall construction, the combination of bonding courses and intervening stretcher courses, said bonding courses comprising flat header and stretcher bricks recurrently laid, the header bricks projecting inwardly beyond adjoining stretcher bricks and the projecting portion of each header brick being in vertical alignment with similarly projecting bricks of other bonding courses, and soldier bricks extending vertically between the projecting header bricks and having their outer surfaces flush with the ends of the header bricks, whereby a space is formed between the inner faces of the soldier bricks and the opposed faces of the bricks of the intervening stretcher courses.

5. In a brick wall construction, the combination of bonding courses and intervening stretcher courses, said bonding coursescomprising flat header and stretcher bricks re-- currently laid, the header bricks projecting inwardly beyond adjoining stretcher bricks and the projecting portion of each header brick being in vertical alignment with similarly projecting bricks of other bonding courses, soldier bricks extending vertically August, 1928.

EDIVIN M. WYATT.

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