US1742931A

US1742931A - Smoke consumer and fuel economizer

Info

Publication number: US1742931A
Application number: US163591A
Authority: US
Inventors: Frank A Penberthy
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-01-26
Filing date: 1927-01-26
Publication date: 1930-01-07
Anticipated expiration: 1947-01-07

Description

2 Shets-Sheet 1 F. A. PENBERTHY Filed Jan. 26, 1927 SMOKE CONSUMER AND FUEL ECONOMIZER Jan. 7, 1930.

Jan. 7, 1930.

F. A. PENB ERTHY SIOKE CONSUMER AND FUEL ECONOMIZER 2 Sheets-Sheet .2

Filed Jan. 26. 1927 o 0 o' o o o o 0 v '82, 9M v 3 I 7 Patented Jan. 7, 1930 was? eFFicE FRANK A. PENBERTHY, OE CANTON, OHIO SMOKE CON SUMER AND FUEL ECONOMIZER Application filed January 25', 1327. Serial No. 163,591.

My invention relates to smoke consumers and fuel economizers more particularly for use in connection with boilers fired with solid fuels such as coal and the like.

A major difiiculty in connection with the operation of such boilers has been an inability to positively and continuously control the combustion of the fuel under the boiler and in the firebox and combustion chamber, so

6 that the fuel will continuously and economically burn with maximum. combustion efficiency and minimum eduction of smoke from the chimney.

Not only from thestandpoint of efiiciency and economy of boiler operatiombut also from the social standpoint particularly in crowded communities, it is desirable to control the eduction of smoke from the chimneys of boiler furnaces, and in some localities laws are in effect regulating the character of smoke which will be permitted to be given off by a chimney.

From the standpoint of combustion, it is well known that the fuel bed in the firebox of a. boiler furnace of the usual type, educes into the firebox a quantity of combustible gases and soot which are not completely burned in the firebox, nor under usual conditions in the furnace combustion chamber with which the firebox usually communicates over a bridge wall, 7

These unburned combustible gases and the soot suspended therein form the objectionable smoke which issues in varying degrees from the chimneys of boiler furnaces, and the like.

It is also well known that combustion of anysort requires, first, that the combustible matter be heated to its combustion temperathe necessary quantity of oxygen for this combustion. s Q

There'is usually available in the firebox of a boiler furnace, a suflicient total quantity of oxygen, as a component of the air, to support the combustion of the gases and soot, but the ordinary movement of the gases and soot through the firebox overthe bridge Wall and through the combustion chamber is such that part of the same never comes in contact with air, the air and the combustible gases, and soot passing through the firebox and combustion chamber more or less in stratified layers. In order to completely burn the combustible gases and soot, which will constitute smoke if they are not burned before issuing from the chimney, it is necessary that they be rapidly, thoroughly, and continuously heated totheir combustion temperature and rapidly, thoroughly, and continuously intimately mixed with the proper quantity of air, preferably as soon after the combustible gages and soot arise from the fuel bed as possi e.

' The objects of the-present invention are to provide an apparatus adaptable for use in connection with substantially any well known type of boiler, and which will consume smoke and thereby economize fuel byautomatically and continuously maintaining in the firebox and combustion chamber of the boiler furnace an. intimate mixture of the aforesaid combustiblegases and soot educed from the fuel bed with proper quantity of air and heated to the necessary temperature to support combustion thereo Y These objects are attained by a construc- I tion and arrangementwhic'h maybe stated in general terms as including, first, a whirler nozzle directed over the fuel bed in the 'furnace firebox under the boiler or the like, and delivering whirling superheated steam into the-firebox whereby the combustible gases and soot arising from the fuel bed are simultaneously whirled and mixed with the air normally flowing through the firebox by the operation of the boiler furnace draft device, and heated to the proper combustion temperature; second, an apertured bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, whereby any smoke which may still remain, is

' broken up in passing from the firebox to the heated with the air normally passingthrough the combustion chamber,so that practically combustion chamber; and, third, means for injecting superheated steam into the combustion chamber preferably immediately adjacent the bridge wall, whereby the broken up smoke which has passed from the firebox to the combustionchamber through the apertured' bridge wall is agitated, mixed, and

complete combustion of thesmoke is ob-' tained. I

-.A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part hereof, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical cross section illustrating the improved smoke consumer and fuel 'economizer in connection with a fire tube boiler installation, as on line 1-f-1,

Fig. 2, a horizontal cross section thereof as on line 2-2, Fig. 1; Figp3, a fragmentary detailed horizontal cross section, of theimproved whirler nozzle as'on line 3 3, Figs.'1 and 2;

Fig. 4, an enlargedfragmentary cross sectional view similar to Fig. 1 of a preferred form of superheater for the improved dev ce;

. and

j Fig. 5, an enlarged fragmentary top lan view of the superheater'as on line 55, 4, illustrating the plurality of orifices in the top pipe thereof for delivering superheated steam into thefurnace combustion chamber.

. resting upon a suitable foundation 7, and the is divided'by an improved bridge wall 9 manner u walls may furthermore support a suitable refractory arch cover 8 for'the boiler.

' A furnace enclosure is thus formed bythewalls rising from the. foundation and; provided with the arch cover, and thisenclosure properly spaced therein between the back wall 5 and the front wall 6, to form a firebox 10-and an improvedcombustion chamber 11 beneath the boiler Grate bars 12 ma be supported in a usual 11 suita le ledges secured at the opposite aces of the bridge wall and the front wall, and forming a grate upon which the fuel bed 13 is carried,- and through which bashes may drop to the ash pit '14; below the The" front wall 6 of the setting maybe provided with one or more ofthe usual firing doors 15 and ash removing doors 16. Excepting for the improved bridge wall 9, the details of which will presently be described, the foregoing boiler and setting is typical of fire tube boilers; and in general is typical of all boilers and their settings which usually include, in combination with the boiler, furnace walls forming a firebox and a combustion chamber. V

As best illustrated in Fig. 2, the improved bridge wall 9 separating the firebox from the combustion chamber, extends between the side walls 3'and 4 of the setting upward from the foundation 7 substantially to the fire line of the boiler.

The bridge wall 9 is provided with a relaf tively wide central notch 17 at its upper end directly beneaththe boiler shell 18, and is further provided with a plurality of spaced smoke breaking apertures 19 arranged in the bridge wall in rows upwardly from the upper lezvel of the grate bars and around the notch 1 a 'I V The notch 17 preferably has a lower hori-' zontal face 20 and parallel vertical side faces 21 and 22 merging'with the upper peripheral faces 23. and 24 of the bridge wall.

Abovethe intersection of the notch side faces 21 and 22 with the bridge Wall peripheral faces 23 and 24, the bridge wall is .preferably imperforate, forming in effect side curtain walls 2 5 and 26.

A superheater 27 is provided in the combustion chamber preferably immediately adjacent the apertures 19in the bridge wall, steam' from the-boilerbeing delivered to the superheater through a suitable pipe line 28 in. which, preferably adjacent the firing door 15 a-suitable control valve 291is located, and superheated steam from the superhe'ater; is

through a suitable pipe line 31 likewise provided preferably adjacent the valve 29 with a superheated steam control valve 32. I

The upper pipe 33 of the superheater is delivered to the improved whirlernozzle 3O preferably provided with a plurality of spaced orifices 34.. for delivering superheated steam therefrom into the combustion chamber 11 preferably immediately adjacent the bridge wall 9.

The whirler nozzle 30 is preferably directed into the fire box 10 above the fuel bed 13 and is adapted for delivering whirling superheated steam into the fire box 1001? the furnace above the fuel bed* I The constructionof the nozzle 30 by which the same delivers whirling superheated steam into the fire box is best illustrated in Fig. 4. The nozzle 30 includes connected upon the end of the pipe line 31, a cylinder 35 forming a steam chamber 36 which receives superheated steam from the pipe line 31, and the outer end 37 of which is closed by an .orificed plug 38 having aiplurality of angled and intersecting passageways 39, 40, and/11 therein providing means for impinging a plurality of angled jets of superheated steam upon each other, whereby the variations in the velocity heads of the several impinging jets set up a whirling motion in the several jets beyond their intersection, and a plurality of jets of whirling turbulent superheated steam is delivered into the fire box of the furnace from the steam chamber 36.

The intense heat generated in the firebox and combustion chamber, necessitates that the bridge wall 9 be made of very efficient refractory material, and a preferred construction for the bridge wall includes building up the same of relatively large masses of plastic refractory clay, the apertures 19 being formed by laying ross-wise in the wall, lengths of pipe which if made of iron will burn out when the plastic wall is subject in position to the action of the heat generated in the furnace, leaving the desired apertures in the refractory bridge wall.

The improved smoke consumer and fuel economizer thus described in detail is operated as follows:

A burning fuel bed 13 is provided in the firebox upon the grate in a usual manner, and the hot gases therefrom generate steam in the boiler 1, part of which steam is lead from the boiler through the pipe line 28 into the superheater 27 in the combustion chamber 11 immediately adjacent the apertures 19 in the bridge wall 9.

The superheater is heated by the hot gases passing through the apertures 19 in the bridge wall 9 and over the notch 17 therein, whereby superheated steam is formed in the superheater, part of which is delivered into the combustion chamber 11 through the plurallty of orifices 34 in the top pipe of the superheater, and the major portion of which 1s delivered to the pipe line 31 and to the whirler nozzle 30, the intersecting passageways89, 40 and 41 of the nozzle imparting a rapidly whirling motion to the superheated steam issuing from the nozzle, and delivers this whirling superheated steam from the nozzle 30 into the firebox 10 over the fuel bed.

This rapidly whirling superheated steam continuously impinges against the combustible gases and soot suspended thereln which be rising from the fuel bed, and the whirling superheated steam simultaneously heats a substantial part of the gases and soot to thelr combustion temperatures, and at the same time by the whirling motion intimately names the gases and soot with the necessary air to support combustion thereof.

This process is necessarily carried on at a relatively rapid rate, and in the event that complete combustion of the gases and soot has not taken place in the firebox, with the resulting formation of some smoke, this smoke is broken up as it passes through the apertures 19, in the bridge wall 9 and is again mixed with'air and brought to its'combustion temperature by the superheated steam introduced in the combustion chamber through the orifices 34.

The combined action of the whirler nozzle 30 simultaneously heating to their combus-. tion temperatures combustiblegases and soot rising from the fuel bed, and mixing the same with quantities of air necessary for the combustion thereof, together with the breaking up of any smoke which may still be formed in the firebox by the action of the apertured bridge wall as the smoke passes through the same, and the final heating of the broken up smoke and air entering the combustion chamber by the superheated steam delivered into the combustion chamber by the superheater, provides for almost complete combustion of the available combustible material in the solid fuel in the fuel bed.

l/Vhen properly operated by suitable manipulation of the

valves

29 and 32, the device enables almost perfect combustion of solid, fuel in the boiler furnace, with an eduction of smoke from the furnace chimney which is well within the limits prescribed by most smoke control laws.

In a single boiler installation the use of the aforesaid device saved 4 tons of coal per week, as compared with the operation of the boiler without the present smoke consumer and fuel economizer.

I claim:

1. Combustion apparatus including a firebox, combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, asuperheater in the combustion chamber, a whirler nozzle directed into the firebox and in'communication with the superheater, and an orifice in the superheater directed into the combustion chamber.

2. Combustion apparatus including a firebox, a combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, a boiler operatively associated with the combustion chamber, a superheater in the combustion chamber communicating with the boiler, a whirler nozzle directed into the firebox and communicating with the superheater, and an orifice in the superheater directed into the combustion chamber.

- 3. In combination with the furnace of a boiler and the like, including a firebox, a bridge wall and a combustion chamber, means including a nozzle having a plurality of intersecting passageways for delivering whirling superheated steam into the firebox, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering superheated steam into the combustion chamber.

4. Combustion apparatus including a fire-- box, a combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, means including a nozzle having a plurality of intersecting passageways for delivering whirling superheated steam into the firebox, a plurality of apertures in the bridge Wall, and means'for delivering superheated steam into the combustion chamber. V

5. In combination with the furnace of, a

I boiler and the like, including a firebox, a bridge wall, and a combustion chamber,

means including a nozzle having a plurality ofintersccting passageways for delivering whirling steam into the firebox, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering steam into the combustion chamber.

6. Combustion apparatus including afirebox, a combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, means including a nozzle having a the firebox after the intersection thereof, a

plurality of interecting passageways for deliveri-ng whirling steam into the firebox, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering steam into the combustion chamber.

7. In combination with the furnace of a boiler and the like, includin a firebox, a bridge wall, and a combustion chamber, means for intersecting a lurality of jets of superheated steam and elivering jets into the firebox after the intersection thereof, a

plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering superheated steam into thel combustion chamber adjacent the bridge wa l.

8. Combustion apparatus including a firebox, a combustion chamber, and abridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, means'for intersecting a plurality of jets of superheated steam and delivering jets into the firebox after the intersection thereof, a

plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering superheated steam into the combustion chamber adjacent the bridge wall.

9. In combination with the furnace of a boiler and the like, including a firebox, a bridge wall, and a combustion chamber,

bridge wall, and a combustion chamber,

means including a nozzle having a plurality r i a plurality of jets of superheated steam an delivering jets into the firebox after the intersection thereof, a lurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering superheated steam into the combustion chamber adjacent the bridge wall.

12. Combustion apparatus including 'a firebox, a combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, means including a nozzle having a plurality of intersecting passageways for intersecting a plurality of jets ofsuperheated steam and delivering jets into the firebox after the intersection thereof, a' plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering superheated steam intov the C011]- bustion chamber adjacent the bridge wall. 13. In combination with the furnace of a boiler and the like, including a firebox, a

bridge wall, and a' combustion chamber, means includlng a nozzle having'a plurality of intersecting passageways for'intersecting a plurality'of jets ofsuperheated steam and I delivering jets. into the firebox after the intersection thereof, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for. de ivering steam into the combustion chamber adjacent the bridge wall. v V

14. Combustionapparatus including a firebox, a combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, means including a nozzle having a plurality of intersecting passageways for intersecting a plurality of jets o'f'superheated In testimony that I claim the above,'I have .hereunto subscribed my name. 7 i

. FRANK A. PENBERTHY.

means for intersecting a plurality of jets of plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering steam into the combustion chamber adjacentthe bridge wall.

10. Combustion apparatus incluing a firebox, a combustion chamber, and a bridge wall between the firebox and the combustion chamber, means for intersecting a plurality of jets of superheated steam and delivering jets into the firebox after the intersection i hereof, a plurality of apertures in the bridge wall, and means for delivering steam into the combustion chamber adjacent the bridge wall.

11. In combination with the furnace of a boiler and the, like, including a firebox, a