US1713792A - Pattern-copying machine - Google Patents

Pattern-copying machine Download PDF

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US1713792A
US1713792A US1713792DA US1713792A US 1713792 A US1713792 A US 1713792A US 1713792D A US1713792D A US 1713792DA US 1713792 A US1713792 A US 1713792A
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model
grading
last
line
swing frame
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
    • B27M3/20—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of lasts; of shoes, e.g. sabots; of parts of shoes, e.g. heels

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  • This invention relates to pattern copying machinery and is herein disclosed as embodied in a last lathe designed especially to be used in cutting last parts, as distinguished from entire lasts.
  • a fundamental requirement of the general problem of last part production is that the parts must be truly interchangeable, otherwise the advantages of the separately formed last part and of the separable last are not fully secured.
  • the problem is to obtain accuracy of cut. Accuracy is of course a desideratum in any last cutting, but for various reasons is sacrificed to a considerable extent in the production of ordinary lasts. In the production of last parts, accuracy is vital to enable the parts to fit properly when put together.
  • the present invention has practically secured this minimum, providing, as herein illustratively exemplified, a swing frame of only 7 inches radius of swing, with half of its mass located at the center, an important feature of it being a single heavy square shaft in the axis of swing, on which the model and block carriers are mounted.
  • This frame is practically undistortable and can be successfully vibrated very much more rapidly in view of its small moment of inertia than frames of former types.
  • the width grading problem is met by providing a mechanism for handling the gradin instrumentality (here the model wheel which causes it to follow the plane containing the model. work and cutter wherever it moves, In the illustrated machine, this is accomplished by moving the model wheel in a direction transverse to the direction of ordinary width grading movement to keep it in this plane.
  • the gradin instrumentality here the model wheel which causes it to follow the plane containing the model. work and cutter wherever it moves, In the illustrated machine, this is accomplished by moving the model wheel in a direction transverse to the direction of ordinary width grading movement to keep it in this plane.
  • Another feature of the invention consists in a novel construction of the length and width grading mechanism so that they can be conveniently controlled continuously by the operator in order to grade the lasts throughout irregularly according to any predetermined plan.
  • the setting handles are ar 'anged conveniently to the operators two hands and pointers are provided for the setting apparatus which more relatively over a chart so that the OPOI'ZitOI can continuously control the grading at all times.
  • Another feature of the invention relates to the construction of the width grading mechanism itself. It is customary. in width grading. to increase the girths of the lasts a uniform amount for each size. This causes the actual grading factor to vary, throughout the series. and the movement of the setting element is even more irregular, not being even proportional to the grading factor owing to the peculiar nature of the mechanism.
  • the mechanism was changed in such a way as to destroy the pantographic nature of the reproduction, only the girth measurements being preserved.
  • the present invention deals with this di'liiculty by providing a width grading mechanism having an equicrescent setting scale but without any consequent impairment of the pantographic nature of the reproduction aceomplished thereby.
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevation.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan.
  • Fig. 3 is an end elevation.
  • Fig. 4 is a section on line .l l of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a detail of the swing frame.
  • Fig. 6 is a detail of the model and dog.
  • Fig. 7 is a detail of the face plate and dog.
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective of a preferred grading arrangement.
  • Fig. 9 is a section on line. 99 of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 10 is a detail of the width g'ading mechanism.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating the swing frame action.
  • Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating the width grading mechanism.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates the formation of the grading chart.
  • Fig. 14 shows the swing frame equipped with offset dogs.
  • Figs. 15. 16, 17 are details of the offset dogs.
  • Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating the practice of backing off the fan board.
  • Fig. 19 is a diagram of the width grading mechanism.
  • the frame 10 of the machine carries two longitudinal V-shaped guides 1214; along its front and a flatguide 1.6 along its rear.
  • the model wheel carriage 18 slides on the guides 12, 16, and the cutter carriage 2O slides on the guides 14. 16.
  • An intermediate carriage 22 slides on the guides 12, 16 for purposes which will be explained later.
  • the carriages E20 and 22 are driven in opposite directions by a right and left hand screw 24. mounted in a bracket 26011 the main frame and driven by ill) a spiral gear 28. This gear is driven by a spiral gear not shown, but mounted on the shaft 30, parallel to and behind the worm wheel 32, which is driven by the worm shaft 34 in the well-known manner.
  • the sh: ft 34 is driven from the pulley 36 on the shaft -38 which extends clear through the machine and is driven by the pulley from the stub shaft 42. by a motor not shown.
  • This frame is designed for minimum moment of inertia and maximum resistance to twisting stress. It is preferably constructed as a square bar mounted on trunnions 49 in the bearings &6. See Figs. 5 and 14. This bar carries at about its middle portion a frame 50 adjustable along the square bar, though ordinarily left permanently in a determined position.
  • This frame carries a gear box and a pedestal 54, in which is mounted a shaft 56.
  • This shaft has on its opposite ends specialized face plates 58, 60. These are advantageously made in the form of an ordinary face plate 62 with crossed keys 64 projecting from it.
  • a special dog 66 On these keys is mounted a special dog 66, by screws 67, fitting the keys on one side and on the other shaped to the exact angle and form of the joint surface of the last part 68 to be turned (and of the model
  • the machine shown is arranged to cut last parts for lasts of the type disclosed in United States Letters Patent No. 1,660,478, granted Feb. 28. 1928. on application of G. P. S. Cross.
  • the parts of such a last are both faced with metal plates, and a plate 69 may be advantageously placed in the machine between the dog 66 and. the model 70 or last part 68, of thickness equal to that of a last part plate. so that the face of the dog corresponds exactly to the face on the complementary 1st part.
  • the dog 66 is equipped with. studs 71 which tit corresponding holes prepared in a preferably plane surface on the model or block, so that exact correspomlence between last parts can be secured.
  • the plane surface is preferably that of the joint between the parts.
  • the drive (see Fig. 4) is effected from the shaft 88 as follows :
  • the shaft has on its left end a pinion 8% which drives a train 86, 88
  • This train drives a gear 90 mounted to turn on the axis of the swing frame 48.
  • the dog 80 is round and its drive is theoretically unnecessary, but saves wear on the model. As shown it cannot drive the model.
  • the shaft 9-;l extends from the gear 92 through the frame 79. into the gear box 52 where gears 100, 102, like the gears 96, 98 respectively are mounted to drive the spindle through which the model 70 and work piece 68 are driven.
  • a vitally important feature of the present invention consists in this spindle and its attached dogs. It has long been the aim of shoe manufacturers to avoid a considerable part of the expense of the provision and upkeep of lasts by using a single heel part with a plurality of foreparts. This necessitates that the parts be absolutely interchangeable, and this requirement has impeded the achievement of commeimially practical results by any of the solutions of the problem proposed by previous inventors. It has been proposed to sever the rough block into a heel part and forepart, oin them by a bonding mechanism and then turn the last.
  • Th is procedure, while competent to make one good separable last, does not insure that the joint surface will be placed uniformly in different lasts, since any variations in the rough blocks terminal contour and dog penetration for example affect the longitudinal position of the last in the rougl'i block. and the parts thus formed may not he interchangeable.
  • the swing frame shown has other important advantages, aside from its peculiar relation to the matter of lastpart production.
  • a difficulty which has always given trouble in last cutting, and which is avoided by the construction shown, may be illustrated as follows:
  • the model to be a truncated circular cone, swung on its axis in the swing frame, and that the cutter and model wheel are traversed over the work and model without rotating the model and work.
  • the point of contact of the model wheel on the model will not stay in the same plane passing through the axis of the cone since as the swing frame turns more or less to accommodate the varying diameter of the model, the point of contact will move around the model.
  • Another way of stating the difliculty is to suppose that the model swells while the machine is motionless.
  • the gear 96 has exactly half as many teeth as the gear 98, the gears 90 and 92 are equal and the distance on centers between the shafts 48 and 5b is designed equal to the distance from the center of the shaft 48 to the center 103 of the model wheel 104 in its normal or zero position. This position is in alincment with the cutter center. If now the gears 8890 are fixed and the swing frame rotated, a radial line 106 (Fig.
  • the gear 98 will therefore turn a clockwise angle of ⁇ ,4) with regard to the swing frame and the angle at 80 made by the same radius 106 of the gear 98 will be 9() I which is the base angle of an isosceles triangle 8()481()3.
  • the same radius 106 will. therefore continuously point to the center 103 of the model wheel 104 irrespective of the position of the swing frame.
  • a cross-section of the shaft 48 has one diagonal in the plane containing its axis and the axis of the spindle 56.
  • This structure has apeculiar advantage. If there is any looseness in fit of the frames 72, 74, when they are tightened up against the model and work, they will rotate slightly and cramp on the shaft and the dogs 80 and 82 will always settle into this plane because of the double V action, no matter how loose the frames are, and their distances from the axis of the shaft 48 under normal conditions will not be substantially affected.
  • the model wheel 104 (see Fig. 4) is carried on a slide 106 having forward. and back horizontal movement transverse to the direction of feed of the model wheel carriage, and normally held back by the spring 107.
  • Fig 4 shows a mechanism for irregular width grading around the periphery of the work. This mechanism is described and claimed in my application, Serial No. 429,719,
  • the fan board is cylindrical in form, the center of the cylinder being at the center 110 when the swing frame is in an adopted zero position, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 19 as 114 so that adjustment of the width grading factor can be made Without moving the grading slide 106.
  • a long pinion 120 on the shaft 38 operates a gear 122 which slides along it, being mounted on the model wheel carriage, and which ca rries a cam 124.
  • the gearing is such that the cam 124 and the model and block rotate with equal angular velocity.
  • the cam operates a roll-(r 126 on a crank arm 128, spring held at 129, of the segment 130 which is pivotally included at 132 on the model wheel carriage.
  • the slot shown in this segment carries a block 134 pivotally carrying the end of a. link 136, which is joined to the rod 108.
  • the lower end of the link 136 is shown directly over the pivot 132 in Fig. 4, but can be adjusted anywhere in the segmental slot by a link 138 pivoted to a rigid arm 139 on a segment 140, pivoted at 141 and operated by a worm 142 on the shaft 144, by a handle 146 at the front of t e model wheel carriage.
  • a dial 147, geared shaft indicates the setting.
  • the radii the slot in the segment 130 is equal to length of the link 156.
  • a certain zero tion of the segment 130 corresponds i ()1 ⁇ inary width grading, which will result fr its being placed in this position and the b 134 being adj ted to the point WVith the parts as shown in Fig. 'i
  • Pivoted at 148 on the grading slide 106 is a lever 150 formed as a double crank, one crank on each side of the slide 106.
  • the forward arm carries the model wheel 104, and the rear arm carries a laterally extending slide 152 rotatable about a horizontal axis 15?, (Fig. 10) on the lever 150.
  • the body of the model wheel carriage 18 is a slideway 156, carrying the slide 152, on one side of the slide 106, and an arm 158 on the other side.
  • the arm 158 is linked to the fan board by a link 160, which slides along a rod 162 at the top of the fan board as the model wheel carriage moves along the bed. It is steadied by a strap 164 on the outside.
  • the fan board tilts in obedience to the swing of the swing frame, it turns the shaft 154 and slideway 156.
  • the fan board moves clock wise, as does the slide 156. If the width grader is set to grade up, the grading slide 106 will move out as the swing frame does.
  • the parts 152156 will tilt the lever .50 clockwise and cause the model wheel to rise as moves out, but as the swing frame moves farther and farther, the slide 156 becomes horizontal and then tilts inthe opposite direction to that shown in Fig. 4, so that the model wheel, after rising for a time, begins to fall, thus always moving toward the center 80.
  • the slideway 156 is in elfect a cam which can be shaped to produce exactly the desired movement of the model wheel.
  • This cam may be determined as follows. See Fig. 12 in which 0 represents the center of the shaft 48 and a represents the centerof the cutter 165 and the zero position of the center 103 of the model wheel 104.
  • the model wheel and cutter are here shown as of circular projection, of radius approximately equal to the effective radius of the elliptical projection of the model wheel and cutter used.
  • Fig. 12 is drawn approximately to scale.
  • the axis of the model and work 56 is represented at 0; (Z represents the fulcrum 148, and b the pivot 153 at the rear end of the lever 150. which is therefore adb.
  • the radius of the model being treated is cm, and it is necessary that the point (i move down to a along the line ca, by swinging the line (all) around the point (Z, which slides along the line a?) by virtue of the ordinary width grading movement. This brings the line into the position a a! I), and the rotating slide way 156 must be such as to move the point I) to 7).
  • the projection of ac on at is ca cos 46 1)?" cos 4 -6 and therefore I rl'n) (1-cos (,5) (g-'l)r cos l6 (:3)
  • n 8 inches.
  • a directly motor driven cutter is shown at 165.
  • the tipping of the lever 150 shall not carry the axis of the model wheel out of horizontality. This is accomplished by pivoting a link 166 in line with the center 103, on the effective end of the lever 150.
  • This link is joined to the slide 106 by a second link 1.67, equal in length to the distance 103148, and with its inner end located vertically below the point 148 at a distance equal to the effective length of the link 166.
  • the link 166 must therefore always remain. vertical.
  • the model wheel spindle projects from the side of the link 166 at an angle of 30, as is well shown in Fig. 2, and will always remain horizontal.
  • the disclosed machine is equipped with a mechanism for stopping the spindle 56 in the same orientation to facilitate the convenient insertion and removal of work.
  • the pnlley 40 is rotatably mounted on the shaft 38, and is connected with it by a laterally sliding clutch (not shown).
  • This clutch is operated by a lever 168 by pushing its outer end outward, which is accomplished by the following mechanism:
  • a bell-crank lever 169 (see Fig. has a notch in its upper surface which catches a pin 170 on the swing-frame when the frame is pulled out by the operator. It also has another notch 172 in which rides a finger 174 of the rod 176, pivoted to a bell crank 178 at the back of the machine( Fig.
  • This hell crank carries pivotally at 180 a rectangiiilar bar 181.
  • This bar has a bevel 182 which is at an angle with the surface seen in the plane of the paper and with the lefthand surface perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Fig. 3.
  • the swing frame is pulled out it drags on the finger 174 and pulls it out to the notch 172. This pushes down the bar 181 until the bevel 182 contacts with the clutch lever 168 (but does not throw it).
  • a little pinion (not shown) on the shaft 38 drives a gear 184 at the same angular velocity as that of the spindle 56 in the swing frame.
  • a cam 186 mounted on the gear 184 thrusts grading lever 1.90 linked to the carri: by an tl(l]llt-l'ttll)l(. link 192 and pivoted or the mirriagc 18.
  • a special. fixture is shown in Fig; l to tit a definite length grading; prohlem.
  • the block 1941-. instead of heme adjusted as m'dinarily, is provided with tour studs 1%.
  • An arm 198 is mounted at an angle with the vertical on a block 200 on the carriage 2
  • the lilock adjustable along the carri; 5e hy a screw 202. and the arm 198 carries tour corresponding studs 2041.
  • the mounting ot the link 192 on any pair of corresponding studs adjusts the machine for a predetermined length grading; problem.
  • the model wheel carriage 18 carries an apron 206 on which is mounted a shatt 208 geared to the shaft 1 14 at 210, and to the lever 21.2 at 2l-it-.
  • the lever is pivoted at 213. lrlovement oi the handle 1:16 theretore will operate a pointer 216 on the lever
  • the apron also carries a three-armed lever 218 pivoted at 219 having); a pointer 220 on one arm, a g ar connection 222 with a shaft on another arm, and having a link 22G connecting; the third arm 228 with the block 200.
  • he length grading mechanism here is not automatic at all, the distance between the carriages 18 and 22 being fixed except when being varied by means of the handle 228. on the shaft 224:.
  • This chart may be advantageously formed as follows (Fig. 13); a board or table 286 having a graduated rail 238 graduated in inches alone one edge. is provided with two template holes 2 10, corresponding to the holes 242 in the front of the machine. The chart paper is pinned by these holes in each ca... A slider 244; is provided to move hack and torth along the guide rail. The edge 246 oi? the slider is a nearly circular are having the same orientation and vertical relation to the holes 240 as that ol the path of the pointer 220 to the holes 242. When the pointer is moved With the carriage 22 at rest. (The carriage 18, on which the pointer is pivoted.
  • the edge 2% of this slider is graduated, the units representing for example, a 1/24 inch alteration in the distance between the carriages 18 and 22.
  • the zero point 248 represents the position of the pointer when the carriages are so adjusted that the centers of the model Wheel and cutter will simultaneously aline with the axial centers 250 of the itaces of the dogs ('36 (Fig. 6). It now a horizontal line 252 be drawn on the chart opposite this zero mark and the pointer 220 seton it and left there, the model Will be exactly copied as far as longitudinal dimensions are concerned.
  • the model measures 12 inches over all, divided into two sections of 10 inches and 3 inches from the ends to the axial point in the joint surface (c u'responding; to the point 250 in Fig. 6, neglecting the position of the joint plate).
  • the thickness of the model wheel and cutter is 1 inch.
  • the model Wheel has to travel 10 and 3 inches, respectively. in cutting the forepart and heel part.
  • the end 25 1 of the slider is set at 10 on the scale 238, and a line 2535 drawn down alon'" he edge 2% on the chart paper.
  • the slider then moved until the point 254 comes opposite the 3 graduation of the scale 23.8 am a mark 256 made at the intersection Oil the edge 2&6 and the line 252.
  • a line 270 is drawn to blend the line 258 into the line 266.
  • the pointer 220 be made to follow the curve 260-262258-270266, the forepart will fit the standard tip and insole, and will be graded in the instep, where fit is important, strictly according to the ordinary system, and will fit the heel part common to the set at its rear end.
  • the line 260 copies themodel. toe tip exactly.
  • the line 258 stretches the ball-instep portion in the proper fashion, and positions it in proper relation to the heel end 256; the line 270 shortens the model just behind the instep, to allow for the oversize heel part; and the line 272 grades the part 11st in front of the joint so that it will justfit the heel part.
  • the width grading problem may be similarly solved.
  • the tip length should be graded directly from the model.
  • the ball" and instep portion is to be graded up 1/4 inch (in perimeter) and that the standard heel part is constructed as for a last whose ball-instep portion is being graded up 5 16 inch.
  • the other edge 274 of the slider 244 is formed on the curve traced by the pointer 216 when the carriage 22 is motionless, and the edge is graduated.
  • the width grader is automatic, and all that the handle 146 does is to change the grading factor so that the scale 274, if graduated in units of girth change, as is convenient, will vary with the model used. lVe will suppose that We have a scale 274 graduated in 1/16 inch changes in perimeter for the model being used.
  • the worm at 214 to be such as to throw the pointer 216 up when grading up, and. that the parts are designed so that the same line 252 is the zero width grade line.
  • 1V ith the end of the slider at 10 on the scale 38, mark the point 276 at the intersection of the line 252 and edge 274.
  • Another important feature of the present invention consists in an accurate pantophic width grading mechanism with an equicrescent setting scale.
  • the 7 AAAAA setting would. then be -6/34 and the 7 EEEEE setting would be +6/34.
  • 6/34 is numerically smaller than 6/28, by more than 1/6 of the whole setting, indeed, the setting for the 7 AAAAA is just about what it ought to be for that 7 AAAA, so that on the 7 AAAAA the model is not shrunk enough.
  • 6/34 is larger than 6/40 (which about 5/34) so that on the 7 EEEEE the model is swelled too much. At the extremes the settings would be about a size out, each way.
  • the fan board 114 was backed otf each side of its axis 116' (see Fig. 18) so as to present a list wedge to its feeler 112. As the feeler was moved either way from the zero position, it would let the model. wheel settle back from the swing frame by an amount constant for

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Control Of Cutting Processes (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
US1713792D 1929-04-09 Pattern-copying machine Expired - Lifetime US1713792A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEU10692D DE538352C (de) 1929-04-09 1929-04-09 Kopiermaschine fuer Schuhleisten

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US1713792A true US1713792A (en) 1929-05-21

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FR691155A (fr) 1930-10-02
DE538352C (de) 1931-11-12

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