US1706975A - Gyratory crusher - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mar. 26, 19

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THEODORE C. COOKE, OF SWAMPSCOTT, MASSACHUSETTS.

GYRATORY CRUSHER.

Application filed. October 27, 1927. Serial No. 229,076.

This invention relates to gyratory crushers for crushing or breaking rock or like materials in which crushers a shaft or pestle member is mounted for gyratory movement within a crusher bowl or annular member into which the rock or other material is in troduced in order to be crushed or broken between the crushing faces of the annular bowl and the exterior wall or surface of a crusher head carried on the crusher shaft orpestle member.

The object of the present invention is to provide an. improved crusher wherein the means for effecting the gyratory movement of the crusher shaft within the crusher bowl is so constructed as to result in much greater operating etliciency and a maintenance of said efficiency without the disadvantages inherent in gyratory crusher-s now in commercial use. According to this invention the gyratory movement of the crusher shaft is elfectedby means of a novel anti-friction or roller bearing eccentric device especially suited for crusher needs, efficiency and use. Efliciency in crushing, low maintenance and continuity of operation are the principal advantages of crushers made in accordance with this invention. The frictional efficieney of roller bearings over the Babbitt bearings is of course well known and lies mainly in the elimination of the heat developed in crusher eccentrics in crusher-s in use today. The elimination of rebabbitting which is necessary at least one or two times a yea-r on machines now in commercial use is an important item for it requires from one to twenty hundred pounds of expensive Babbitt or hearing metal. It is then also an object ofthe present invention to dispense with rebabbitting and thus secure greater economy and continuity of operation, re liability of the crusheigand save shutdowns which constitute a serious hazard to the stone business in its short seasonal rush. In addition to the frictional efliciency of this device it has a high efiiciency of the crushing cavity itself. A slight loss of motion through wear at the eccentric bearing re sults 1n a loss 1n crushing effic ency in that the crushing stroke or scope of movement of the shaft becomes less and less as the bean ings wear. The crushing efficiency of machines containing a Babbitt eccentric, such as those now in current use, decreases steadilyfrom the time itfis started until its mo tion is substantially lost and its efliciency economy of oil, there being a reduction from many barrels per year to a few gallons.

The foregoing then, describes the state of the practical commercial art, and though the patented prior art discloses various unused and impractical schemes for employing anti-friction bearings it does not disclose anything which effectually deals with the problems presented by the conditions above outlined. nor a device having the novel. features or advantages of a gy atory crushor made in accordance with this invention' The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of the preferred form of gyratory crusher made in accordance with the invention, and Fig. 2 is a plan view (partly broken away) of that section of the crusher including the eccentric which lies below the irregular line 2, 2 looking with the arrows.

Referring to the drawings, the bowl or top shell, generally designated as 1, sur rounds the shaft 2 carrying the head 3, the shaft in this preferred form being suspended by a nut 3- from the spider 4- through which the shaft passes, tl'iough the shaft may be otherwise mounted for its gyratory movement. The lower end of the shaft 2 passes through the eccentric driving means, generally designated as 5. By-this eccentric driving means an eccentric motion is imparted to the lower endof the shaft so that this lower end of the shaft moves in an orbit about thevertical axis of the ma chine. The eccentric driving means 5 is suitably held in the bottom shell or frame 6 to which the bowl or top shell 1 and spider 4 are held by through bolts 6 The eccentric driving means 5, as here shown, consists of a bed-plate; 7 suitably afiixed to the frame 6 (by means not shown) which bedplate embracesthe entire eccentric driving means andcontains a large annular race 8, keyed to the bed-plate? Within the race 8 is a set of anti-friction members such as rolls and within this outer set of rolls is an annular member 10 having an eccentric bore. 'To this ann'uiar member or eccentric ring 10 is afiixed a bevel ring gear 11 for the purpose of driving the same, the bevel gear being held to the eccentric ring 10 tor example by means of cap screws 12 and shear bushings 13. The eccentric ring 1 0 carries within its eccentric bore or race a second set of anti-friction members, such as the rolls 14 which rolls surround an annular member 15. This annular member is here shown as surrounding a cylindrical sleeve 16' placed upon the lower end of the shaft 2.

This sleeve 16 maybe omitted from the lower end of t heshaft '2 so that the ring 15 coi'ltacts with the shaft 2 though I prefer to employ the sleeve and have the ring 15 bear against The ring 15 is here shown as having a frust(-)-co11ical or tapered bore which allows it to contact with the sleeve 16 throughout the full length of the tapered bore thus giving a long bearing on the sleeve 16. i It is essential to the operation of this device that the lower end of the shaft be free to gyratein an orbit about the vertical axis of the machine and in so' doing it is always at an inclination to such. vertical axis. This tapering of the ring 15 permits this gyration and at the same time provides the ful'lleng'th bearing against the sleeve 16 (or the shaft '9 if the sleeve be omitted). as before described. It. will be seen that this gyratory movement could be accommodated by various other .means, for example, by a cylindrical herein the ,men'iber 15 if the sleeve 16 were suitably tapered, or, both the sleeve 16 and the ring 15 might be tapered so long as the tapers, wereso made as to ,provide an adequate means to impart the thrust and permit the essential gyratory movement, and it is not intended to limit this por'tionof the invention to the precise means by which this free gyratory movement of the lower end o-fthe shaft'2 ispermittedQ The lower diameter of the tapered aperture in the annu lar ring as shown is 'buts hghtly larger than the diameter o'f'the shaft or the bushing to protect the shaft from wear while the 'up'per diamete'r is just suflicien't to allow v the ,gyratory movement and (still give a line of contaetthroughout the length of the taper. g

As before nienti on'edth'e intermediate or eccentric ring 1'0 has attached to it the ring gear 11. This ring gear 11 is driven through the beveled gear pinion 17 affixed to the shaft 17 to which the power is applied. This 1"0 has 'its outer circumference concentrie with the ring or race 8 and bears to itfthrough the outer circle of rolls 9. The inner diameter or eccentric bore of-th'e ring- 10. bears against the inner I set of rolls 1 4 to the inner ring 15 and thence to the shaft? t'hroughthe sleeve 16 by means of the tapered bore ofthe ring 15. as above described, which permits "the gyratory movement. Hence as the illtl'mediate or eccentric ring 10 is driven through its cycle it imparts a gyratory motion to the lower end of the shaft 2 as is typical of gyratory crusher-s now in use and the crushing in the crushing cavity between the head 3 and the replaceable concave crushing plates 1 carried within the bowl 1 is likewise typical of gyratory crushcrs in common use today.

The weight and wear from the weight of the moving parts of the eccentric bearing is taken by the replaceable wearing ring 18. The cover plate 19 overlying the ring 15, roll members l gand a portion of the eccentric ring 10 is affixed to the latter by means of being held between the ring gear [1 and the ring 10 as plainly shown in Fig. I, thus this plate rotates with the intermediate ring 10 and throws outwardly by reason of cci'i'trifugal force any particles of grit, metal, or the like, that might fall upon it so that such particles are thrown. over the gear 11 and deposited, outside of the ring 8 in the annular cavity 20 and can not enter the bearing itself. Lubrication of the bearing is bad by oil poured into the reservoir 21 to alevel nearly overflowing the outer race 8. When the machine is running some of the oil is thrown by centrifugal force to the outer diameter of the bearing cavity 20. It then flows around the bed-plate 7 on the outside of the outer ring 8 to the pipes 22 and thence by gravity to the lower part of the sump 23 which may be provided with a drain plug (not shown) through which sediment water or oil may be drawn.

The preferred structure, its mode of operation, and the advantages attendant thereto. will be evident from the above description and having described my invention, clann:

1. A gyratory crusher having, m combination, a crusher bowl, a shaft and crusher head mounted for gyratm'y movement, an anti-friction eccentric driving means adapted to impart a'gyratory motion to said shat-l and crusher head, said eccentric driving means including an outer race, a set of antifriction members adapted to cooperate withsaid outer race, an intermediate member adapted to cooperate with said set of antifriction men'lbers, said intermediate member having an eccentric bore, means to rotate said intermediate member, a second set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with said eccentric bore, and means separate from said shaft cooperating with the inside of said second set of anti-friction m'em'bers adapted "to tip the shaft with respect thereto and adapted to permit and to impart a gvraf tory movement to said shaft.

"2. A:gyratory crusher having, in combina tion, a crusher bowl, a .shafi, and crusher head mounted for gyratory m'rwement, in

anti-friction eccentric driving means adapted toimpart a gyratory motion to said shaft and crusher head, said eccentric driving means including an outer race, a set of antifriction members adapted to cooperate with said outer race, an intern'iediate member adapted to cooperate with said set of anti friction members, said intermediate member having an eccentric bore, means to rotate said intermediate member, a second set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with said eccentric bore, and an inner ring with a frusto-conical bore adapted to impart and permit a gyratory movement of said shaft.

3. A gyratorycrusher having, in combination, a crusher bowl, a shaft and crusher head mounted for gyratory movement, an

anti-friction eccentric driving means adapt ed to impart a gyratory motion to said shaft and crusher head, said eccentric driving means including an outer race, a set of antifriction members adapted to cooperate with said outer race, an intermediate member adapted'to cooperate with said set of antifriction members said intermediate member having an eccentric bore, means to rotate said intermediate member, a second set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with said eccentric bore, and an inner mem her having its axis parallelwith the axis of the crusher, oblique to the axis of said shaft, and being adapted to impart and permit a gyratory movement of said shaft.

4. A gyratory crusher having, in combination, a crusher bowl, a shaft and crusher head mounted for gyratory movement, a sleeve mounted on the lower end of said shaft, and anti-friction eccentric driving means adapted to impart a gyratory motion to said shaft and crusher head, said eccentric driving means including an outer race, a set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with said outer race, an intermediate member adapted to cooperatewith said set of anti-friction members said intermediate member having an eccentric bore, means to rotate said intermediate. member, a second set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with said eccentric bore, and means separate from said shaft cooperating with said second set of anti-friction members adapted to tip the shaft with respect thereto and adapted to permit and to impart a gyratory movement to said shaft.

5. A gyratory crusher having, in combination, a crusher bowl, a shaft and crusher head mounted for gyratory movement, an anti-friction eccentric driving means adapted to impart a gyratory motion to said shaft and crusher head, said eccentric driving means including an outer race, a set of antifriction members adapted to cooperate with said outer race, an intermediate member friction members, said intermediate memfriction members, said intern'ieditate memher having an eccentric bore, means to retate said intermediate member, a second set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with said eccentric bore, means separate from said shaft cooperating with said second set of anti-friction members adapted to tip the shaft with respect thereto and adapted to permitand to impart a gyratory movement to said shaft, and means on the bed plate of said crusher adapted to support said sets of anti-friction members, and said intermediate member, and said last men tioned means.

6. A gyratory crusher having, in com- .bination, a crusher bow], a shaft and crusher head mounted for gyratory movement, an anti-friction eccentric driving means adapted to impart a gyratory motion to said shaft and crusher head, said eccentric driving means including an outer race, a set of antifricticn members adapted to cooperate with said outer race, an intermediate member adapted to cooperate with said set of antifriction members, said intermediate member having an eccentric here, means to rotate said intermediate member, a second set of anti-friction members adapted to cooperate with saideccentric bore, covering means over said. sets of anti-friction members, and an inner member having its axis parallel with theaxis of the crusher, oblique. to the axis of said shaft and being adapted to impart and permit a gyratory movement of said shaft.

'rnnononn o. COOKE.

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