US1665556A - Fire wall - Google Patents

Description

April l0, 1928.

M. LIPTAK FIRE WALL 5 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Oct. l1. 1926 l Vmor M/cHA/ L/PTAK a eef mwsylmwi l 0 5 l am wa .n z @4 April 1o, 192s.

Filed 0G15. 11. 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 "lqlulmmm April 10, 192s.

M. LlPTAK FIRE WALL 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed om: 11. 192e w 2, fnl/enga? AWC/1451. l/PTAK ATTORNEY;

April 10, 1928- M, Ll PTAK FIRE WALL Filed QQc.. ll, 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 HVZLZZO L MCH/451. L/PTAK Patented Apr. 10, 1928.

UNITED STATES MICHAEL LIPTAK, 0F sr. PAUL, iai-NNnsoTA.

FIRE WALL.

Application led October 11, 1926.r kSerial No. 140,888.

This invention yrelates to improvements in fire walls and is particularlyl directed to a construction for reinforcing the walls to prevent bulging and cracking, this reinforcement being in the nature of metallic elements arranged in and forming an outer portion of the` permanent wall.

Anobject of the invention is to arrange metallic horizontal anchoring and stiifening elements at levels between or at the same level as those elements of an adjacent wall side; to anchor and secure certainshelf-form ing fire brick header elements upon the metallic elements, against longitudinal movement; to j provide a metallic reinforcing structurexfor andas apart of the permanent j wall, and including horizontal reinforcing and tie elements of metal; to provide a structure, the horizontal elements of which can be arranged `at any level conformably to the level of the masonry courses to secure certain shelf-forming irebrick header elements to the reinforcing and tie elements; to provide means whereby the shelf-forming header elements can be secured to the tie elements against longitudinal movement, even when said header elements lie at a. level above the metallic stiffening and tie elements; to arrange the metallic stifi'ener 'elements in the outer portion of the wall; to protect the metallicstructure and form an outer permanent wall thereon, by the use of courses of common bricks extendingbetween the headers and their metallic reinforcing elements; to protect the inner surfaces of the common brick and metallic elements by courses of tire brick laid as stret-chers as part of the permanent wall; to provide a replaceable wall supported by shelf-forming headers and comprising fire bricks laid as headers and projecting beyond the inner ends of the supporting headers; to provide additional iii-e brick laid as stretchersbetwcen the fire brick headers; to protect thev inner ends of the shelf-forming headers; and to provide a shelf-forming header element as an article of manufacture, adapted for attachment, even though arranged at a level above, a metallic reinforcing element. f

Features of the invention include the details of construction of the reinforcing means per se, as well as the constructionof the permanent wall carried lby the reinforcing means; the provision of relatively thick elongated fire brick header elements project- ,ingA fat the inner side of v and foi-ming a part f the permanent wall to form shelves; the arrangement of replaceable lire bricks in header formation between consecutive shelfforming elements; the arrangement of fire brick as stretcheis for protecting the. inner ends of the shelf-forming headers; the provision of a header unit, adapted to be secured against movement in a longitudinal direction, yand the vprovision of such an element having corner notches. j, Other objects, advantages' and features of the invention will be set forth iii the description of the drawings forming part of this application and inl said drawings, I

Figure l is a perspective view of the fire wall `constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention, certain of the bricks being removed to more clearly illus-` trate its construction;

Figure 2v is a perspective view, with the upper portion ofthe wall entirely removed to more clearly show the construction and arrangement of the adjustable reinforcing elements;

Figure 3 is a plan section showing the complete set-up of the reinforcing frame;

j Figure 4 is a detail cross-section through the finished wall; Y j

Figure 5 is a detail-view of the structure for obtaining vertical adjustment of the metallic reinforcing elements;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of onel f the lire brick header, tie, and shelf-forming elements. y

Figure 'r'.is a vertical section showing the metallic horizontal reinforcing elements,'of adjacent sides, inthe sameplane, with bolts used as securing means.

Figure 8y is a plan section showing the metallic horizontalreinforcing elements; of adjacent sides, inthe same plane, and held by bolts, the bolt receiving openings in the cornerv irons being drilled on the job; and 4 Figurey) isa vertical section on the line 9-"9 of Figure 8.

In building the wall I primarily set up a structural iron frame comprising corner posts 1,'as angle irons, at one end, and corner posts 2 as angle or channel irons at the opposite end. These irons are ordinarily related as the corners of a rectangle (see Figure 3). Lengthwise betweenthe post-forming irons, en three sides, I' arrange a series of superposed irons 4 shown as channel irons,

'at 11 terminally to the upper side of the ele- "ment, and having a slot 12 in its opposite arm through which a bolt 18 projects as shown,"the bolt non-adjustably traversing `one ol' the flanges of the post-forming irons. Itfwill be noted by reference to Figure 2 that with this construction the stiffening elements of one wall lie at `levels between those of an adjacent wall. LA staggered relation mayrthus be pro- `duced which provides the more eithcient stiflening construction. However, I do not limit myself tothe use of the bracket 10, but as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9 propose to secure the Vmetallic elements by means of bolts 19, the openings :tor the bolts in the corner irons being drilled on the job..

A plate 15, see Figure 3, may` close one end of the ktrarne structure as shown in Figure 3, and the plate is suitably clamped to the channel irons by brackets or hooklike` fastening devices 16. j

In some instances, the brackets may be dispensed with and the ends of the channel irons 4 miteied as shown at 17 in Figure 8, in which the irons are arranged in the same plane, see also Figure 9. The openings 18 ot the corner posts 1 are in this instance bored on the job, and at the proper height as determined by the level of the underlying brick courses. shown. Figure 7 shows the structure of the iinished wall with the horizontal reinforcing channels in the lsame plane. Figures 7, 8 and 9 show corresponding constructions.

It will be understood that the irons 4 can be arranged at any level, and that the corner posts can all be of angle iron material. The irons 4 of adjacent sides can be arranged at the sameor at different levels. It will be further noted that in some instances the channels 4 may be connectedby their ends between and to boiler or furnace-supporting columns. I-beams 5 are sometimes used to back up the elements 4. Their position may correspond to that of the boiler supporting columns. c j

In this invention, I contemplate an ar rangement 'of large lire brick headers arranged to form shelves at the inner side of the permanent wall, between which projecting headers, at the inside of the wall, are arranged replaceable courses of smaller fire brick as headers and stretchers. The large side of the wall.

Bolts 19 traverse allirons as` Lacasse headers torni a part of the permanent wall, and a facing of smaller ire brick is shown as a replaceable wall.

Rows of relatively thick and long fire bricks 20 are laid as bonding elements or headers upon the top of the channel irons 4. These headers 2O are laid substantially as shown in Figure 1 to project to the inner Each header' element 20 has an opening 21 adapted to be vertically disposed over' an iron 4, when the header is in proper projecting,shelf-forming position.

The channel iron 4 is filled with mortar as at 4l, the header is then properly positioned either to rest directly upon the top of the iron, or to be slightly spaced above the iron, when the mortar on adjacent courses lies above the iron. A pin 22 is then introduced f through the opening 21 and pressed into wet mortar to lock the header to the metal ele ment against movement in longitudinal direction. ln addition, each brick has corner j j v sec VFigure 6. When the bricks are laid, adjacently arranged notches A23 conotches act to torni a groove which can be illed with mortar or pointed after laying. This device eliminates the nce-d ot spreading mortar on the end `faces ot' the units during laying. ll`he advantages of this construction are set forth in my pending application, Serial #138,455, iiled September 29, 1926.

ltwill be noted that the reinforcing elenients 4 lie at the outer side of the permanent wall, where they are more protected `from the heat. The permanent wall is now completed by superposing courses ot common brick 25 laid as stretche'rs, the thiol-:ness of the wall thus termed being approximately the length of the common brick.` As shown in Figure l, the ends of the elements 20v are exposed at the-outer side of the permanent wall, while )in Figure 7 the ends are covered. To cheapn en the construction, the metallic elements can vbe spaced a greater distance apart, and I have shown such condition in all the figures. lVhen this is done, I use heavy brick header courses positioned interniediately' of the courses of slielf-foriiiiiig elements 20vertically inediately between those courses.

The inner faces ot the common brick 25 `are protected by a wall composed of bricks 80. These bricks are formed of {ire-resisting material, and the thickness of the wall is that oit one brick. This wall extends vertically between the elements 20 and supports and is supported by said elements. The.

above mentioned construction constitutes the permanent wall, except where it is desirable to cheapen the structure in which case additional heavy headers 28 as shelf-forming elements are used. I have shown one row ot such headers in Figure 1, and in Figure 7 I have shown two suchrows. In each case, the permanent Wall comprises the bricks 25,

Al o

v30y alongwitb the header elements20, 4the 'latter` supported upon the horizontal metallic elementsi.

'Innlligure` l, the ends of the bricks 28 are exposed at the outer side of the permanent Wall,wh`ile in lFigure. 7, they `are covered.

'forming elements 20, or between elements 20 and 28 when the elements 28 are used. At that Yportion vof .the wall which received Ygreatest heat, the iirebrickheaders 3l project beyond vthe ends of the shelt-forming headers, lin this instance substantially a distance equal to .one-half the length kof the -brick. rEhe rear ends of the bricks 31 abut kthezfirebrick*course 3D. It'will be understood'thatthe header elementsv28 may be Yformed-cfa material such ask common bricks are made of, or thefsame may be formed of irefresisting material.

To protect the outer ends of' the header elements 20 orof the elements 20, 28, I use tire'brickcourses` 34 laid as stretchers. In this instance, two courses are used to con- 'fo-rm: to the thickness of `the elements 20, 28.

`Theprotection of the endl faces 'of the shelf-forming headers is generally` provided only at that portion of the wall which receives the greatest amount of heat, vand therefore in the upper portion of the Wall :where theheat is not sogreat, certain of the shelf-forming headers y2O extend entirely through and have their .inner :faces exposed. In this instance,fthe projecting portions of the headers are longer thereforethese ele- :mentsare longer. I` prefer tocover` the in.-

ner ends ofthe elements28at-all points in the wall, inasmuch as these elements, for the sakeot cheapness, may be 'formed from material used for common brick.

Thisconstructinnwis very-rigid and little bucklingor twisting of the wall is found to take place under the most intense and prolonged heating conditions. Any, lot `the ele- :ments Iof .the replaceable Wall can be easily Aremoved kor replaced `.without ldismantling vthe wallv as a Whole.

I claim as my invention: s

1. A wall having a permanent portion comprising a plurality` of super'posed channel irons extending lengthwise of the wall, rows of tire bricks laidvuppn the tops of; the irons as headers and'projecting at thelinner sident the Wall to form shelves, bricks fill Aing the space between the headers and irons beneath andabove the same, including only stretcher courses at the outer portion, anda replaceable portion comprising bricks laid as headers and supported between the shelt forming headers and abutting the stretcher courses.` f

2. A Wall comprising a plurality of su- Leemans ying therethrough and .bricks filling the space lperposed irons extending vlengthwise of the .Wall and topped with mortar, rowsfoffire bricks laid' upon ythe irons as headers 4 and "projecting at the inner side .ofthe .Wall .to miorni shelves, .each'brickhaving a pin passf ing .therethrough and intothe. mortar', bricks filling 'the space between thejheaders fand irons beneath and above the sa1ne,cand. a replaceable Vwall portion comprising bricks laid as headers andsupported betweenithe shelf-forming. headers. i f3. A walllcomprising a pluralityy otenperposed irons extending longitudinally .thereof at the outer side,- rows voil fire bricks vlaid as headers upon theiron.andprojecting i beyond the wallatthe innerlside, bricks'flling the space between, they irons and lire bricks, including courses laidas stretchers,

and a replaceable Wall comprising `tire bricks laid as headers and supported between Vthe iirstmentioned headers, and conrseslavid as stretchers and supported by the lastinenltioned headers, to cover ,theends oiisaid metal-supported headers.

4. A Wall comprising a :plurality lof ,su-

lp erposed channel irons extending lengthwise vof lthe Wall, rows ,of relatively thick 4and .of lire brick laid as-stretohersiand covering the.v inner ends of the l ebelt-forming headers. 5. vA

Wall comprising a plurality of superposed channelirons extending lengthwise of the Wall -iyithk their concave faces directed upwardly andccontaining mortar, rows yof ylire brickslaid upon each iron as headers and projecting zitone side of ,the wall'ito iorm'shelves, each brick havinga pin pass yinto the mortar,

and shelfeforming iire bricks, including courses laid as stretchers, and tire bricks laid asl headers and supported*between the sheltdorming headers .and abutting the stretcher coursesi 6. A wall comprising a plurality of superposed channel irons vextending lengthwise of the Welland :containing mortaryrows ,of lirebricks laid upon the irons as headers and projecting atthe innerside Ithe Wall to .form shelves, each brick having', a pin passing l therethrough'y and into mortar, .bricks filling the space between the headers and irons beneath andabove`A the sanie,in cluding courses lald as stretchers, and a rebetivegen vthe .irons y.

lio

placeable wall portion comprising bricks laid as headers and supported between the shelf-forming headers and abuttingr the stretcher courses.` j

7. A wall comprising a plurality of superpo'sed irons extending longitudinally thereof at the outer side, rows of large tire bricks laid as headers upon the iron and projecting beyond the wall at the inner side, bricks fill ing the space between the irons and fire bricks, including large intermediately dis posed `bricks laid as headers, and a replaceable wall .Comprising fire headers and supported between the large headers, and courses laid as stretchers and supported by the last mentioned headers to cover the ends of said large headers.

8. A wall comprising a plurality of superposed' channel irons extending lengthwise of the wall, rows `of relatively thick and long fire bricks laid uponthe irons as headers and i projecting at the inner side of the wall and forming shelves, bricks filling the space above and beneath the irons and headers thereon, including additional thick and long fire `brick courses laid as headers, a single course of brick laid as stretcher-s between long headers against the first mentioned stretcher courses, as a facing for the inner `faces of said courses and said irons, and fire bricks laid as headers and supported between the long shelf-forming headers, and` abutting `the last facing stretcher courses, and additional rows of fire brick laid as stretchers and covering the inner ends of the shelf-forming headers. j j

9. A wall comprising a plurality of superposed channel irons extending lengthwise of the wall with their concave` faces directed upwardly and containing mortar, and rows `of lire bricks laid upon each'iron as' headers and projecting at one side of the wall to form shelves, each `brick having a pin passing therethrough and into the mortar,

10. A bonding brick having an opening extending therethrough adjacent one end brick is laid. j

11.'A wall having a permanent portion comprising corner angle irons and a pluextending lengthwise between the corner irons' and attached thereto, rows of lire bricks laid upon theirons as headers and projecting at the inner side of the wall to form shelves, bricks iilling the space between the headers and irons, and laid as stretchers, and a replaceable wall comprising bricks laid as headers, supported between shelf forming headers and abutting stretcher courses.

12. A wall comprising corner posts as arranged to be vertically disposed when the angle irons, a plurality of superposed chair.

nel irons extending lengthwise of the wall and adjustably connecting with the corner bricks laid as i 4postssaid irons having their` concavefaces directed upwardly andil containing mortar, rows of fire bricks laid upon each iron as headers and projecting at cneside of the wall to `form shelves eachbrick having a pin passing therethrough and into the mortar, bricks filling the space between the irons 'and shelf forming fire-brick, including courses laid as stretchers and firebricks laid as headers and supported between the shelf forming headers and abutting the stretcher courses. i i i i 1 13. A wall` comprising corner posts as angle irons, a plurality ofsuperposed channel irons'extending lengthwise `of the wall andconnecting with the corner posts said irons having their concave faces directed upwardly and containing mortar, and rows of irebrick-s laid upon each iron as headers and projecting atA one side of thewall to form shelves, each brick having a pin passing therethrough and finto themortar, and bricks filling the spaces between the headers, at the inner side of the wall.

i 11i. A wall having arpermanent` `portion comprising corner posts connected by single length superposed irons as tie and stiffening elements, extending lengthwise between the posts, rows of lire bricks laid upon'the irons as headers and projecting at the inner side of the wall to form shelves, bricks-filling the space between headers and irons beneath and above the same.

15. A wall having a'permanent portion comprising corner posts connected by single length superposed irons as. tie Vand stiifening elements, extending lengthwisebetween the posts, rows of fire bricks laid uponV the irons as headers and projecting at the innerside of the wall to form shelves, bricksillingthe space between `headers andironsbeneath and above the same, including stretcher courses, some of which assist in protecting the inner faces `of. the irons, and a` replaceable 4wall comprising bricks laid as-headers, and abut- 1, n

ting the stretcher courses'.` i

16. A lwall having a permanent portion comprising'corner posts connected by single length superposed channel'irons as tie and stiiiening elements, tween the posts, rows of `fire bricks laid upon the irons as the innerside of thegwallto form shelves, bricks filling the space between headers and headers and projecting at extending lengthwise bei irons beneath and abovel the same,` including courses laid as stretchers at the outer side of the wall anda replaceable portion comprising bricks laid as headers and supported between the shelf-forming headers',

and abutting thestretoher courses.

In witness whereof, I havehereunto set `my hand this 7th day of October, 1926.

MICHAEL` LIPTAK. f

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