US1649322A

US1649322A - Spinning apparatus

Info

Publication number: US1649322A
Application number: US552860A
Authority: US
Inventors: Perutz Felix
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1922-04-15
Filing date: 1922-04-15
Publication date: 1927-11-15
Anticipated expiration: 1944-11-15

Description

Nov. 15, 1927. 1,649,322

F. PERUTZ SPINNING AiPARATUS Filed April 15, 1922 3 S eets-Sheet 1 vwa w r A ll \l/ Nov. 15, '1927. 1,649,322

. F. PERUTZ SPINNING APEARATUS Filed April 15, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 a vueuboz W W W r or throstle.

PATENT OFFICE.

FELIX PEBUTZ, OF PRAGUE CZECHOSLOVAKIL SPINNING- APPARATUS.

Application filed April 15, 1922. Serial No. 552,880.

My invention relates'to improvements in spinning apparatus and has for its ob]ec t to increase the drawing capacity of machines known as drawing frames, roving frames, or ring spinning machines and to increase the efficiency of such machines My invention is particularly useful in the spinning of cotton, although it is not limited in application to such use. I will accordingly describe my invention herein with regardto its application to cotton spinning.

It is customary in the cotton spinning industry to use several separate machines for drawing the cotton sliver or roving but with my invention the drawing capacity of each machine is so materially increased that one or more of the passages of the yarn through such machines may be dispensed with. The yarn produced by these machines, each embodying my invention, will show greater elasticity than yarn now produced, and will not otherwise be diminished in quality. My invention also permits one to use cotton the staples of which are not.quite even. It is possible, for example to use Indian staple cotton and American staple cotton mixed together. Myiinvention is equally capable of'being used on anyone of the machines used in the process of drawing cotton, but is particularly useful on the final machine commonly known as a'ring spinning machine The principle of my invention will be the same when used on any of these machines, the machines themselves, however, being slightly different in construction in order to accomplish their different functions, as is well known in the art.

In the drawings accompanying this specification and forming part 'ereof, I have shown my invention in its preferred form, which I will now proceed to describe.

Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the drawing rollers ferred method of joining together the several in a roving frame equipped with my invention, the view being taken along the line 11 of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal view of a preferred form of rollers No. 2. Fig. 3 is a plan view from above, partly in section,

showing the method of applying power to the four usual rollers of a roving frame. Fig. 4 is an end view of the gearing arrangement shownin Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows a presections of lower roller No. 2. Fig. 6 is an outline of the drawing rollers in a ring spinning ,machine, embodying my invention,

' showing the modifications necessary to apply the invention to such machine.

Referring to Fig. 3, shaft 11, to which power may be applied, is adapted to revolve 1n ournal 11 in the main body portion of a roving machine. Shaft 11 directly drives roller No. 1.- Small gear 11 is permanently fastened on shaft 11. This gear meshes with and drives large wheel 12 which is removably attached to shaft 12 by means of nut 13. The shaft 12 revolves in another journal in the body portion. A smaller gear 12 is.

likewise removably fastened to the other end of shaft 12 by means of nut 13. This gear meshes with and drives gear 14, which is fastened to shaft 14.. Lower roller No. 4 is driven directly from shaft 14. Shaft 14 has affixed to it another gear-14", which meshes with and drives a lower gear 15, which in turn drives gear 16 located on shaft 16. Shaft 16 directly drives roller No. 3. A superimposed gear 17 b is driven by gear 16 and 'in turn drives gear 17", which is affixed to shaft 17, that shaft directly operating J roller No. 2*. The shaft 17 to which the gear 17 is secured is rotatable in bearings which may be mounted on:

the frame of the device in any suitable manner. To lend clearness to the drawings, the illustration of shaft 17 and its bearings has been omitted from Fig. 3. Gear 17 is removably attached to shaft 17. It can be seen from the drawings that power directly applied to shaft 11 and to rollerNo. 1 will be transmitted through the system of gearing to the other rollers with the result that these rollers will revolve at 'diiferent'rates of speed, N0. 3 faster than No. 4: No. 2 'faster than N 0.3", and No. 1 at the greatest speed. The

gears

11 and 12 are removable and other gears of difierent sizes I 3 2 and 1 is 1.00,=1.0s,:1.32,=5.e0. The

result will be that roller N 0. 1' will revolve at 8 times the speed of roller N o. 4", and the sliver or roving passing through these rollers will be drawn 8 times its original length. The drawing capacity of the machine may be modified 'by re-arrangement of the 2 interchangeable gears. When the machine is the final one used in the process of drawing, the

gearing is rearranged so that the drawing capacity will range anywheres from 12. to 35 t1mes.

The roving machine is equipped with 4 pairs of rollers, No. 4, N'o..3, No. 2 and No.

as is usual in the art. The surfaces of such rollers are not apt to collect dust or waste.

\ the case oi the plain rollers No. 2, I have found it distinctliy advantageous to provide the upper roller is o. 2 with slight depressions intervening between the parts of the roller which are adapted to act, as pulling surfaces for the sliver or roving. These depressions as shown in Fig. 2 oi the drawings constitute successive reductions in the roll diameter between the drawing surfaces. These depressions will collect the dust or waste which may be periodically cleaned out. referred construction of the rollers No. 2 18 illustrated in detail in Fig. 2. The upper and lower rollers have pulling. surfaces 57 and 37. The upper roller is supported'at regular intervals by the sledge 18 and the lower roller sirnilarly by the body portion as at 19. Bepressions are lo cated between the pulling surfaces of the upper roller. The lower roller No. 1 is the standard roller used at present in such maphine, and has a ribbed surface as shown. Lower roller No. 1 is preferably constructed with a. diameter of from 28 to 32 mm. Lower roller No. 2 is a smooth roller 14; to 16 mm. diameter. Lower roller No. 3 is a ribbed standard roller 22 to 25 mm. diameter. Lower roller No. a is a standard ribbed roller 28 to 32 mm. in diameter. U per roller No. l is a standard plain iron ro or covered with a leather surface. Aweight 7 is attached to the cylinder. Upper roller No. 2 is a plain light iron roller of mm. diameter, weighing about 100 grams. Upper roller No. 3* is also a plain iron roller weighing around 126} grams and of mm. diameter. Upper roller No. 4 is a standard heavy iron cylinder. lhe upper rollers No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 are located on movable pieces 5, and the lower rollers on movable ieces 5', by means of which the distance etween the respective rollers can be adjusted. Light wooden rollers d and 6' are located as shown, for the purpose of cleanin

upper rollers

1, 2 and 3. The upper rollers are ultimately supported by the sledgie 18 which is pivoted to the flame at 21. he sledge can be raised and the upper rollers cleaned or repaired. The lower rollers are ultimately supported by the body ortion proper of the machine. I havefound it preferable to construct the light lower roller N0. 2 in several sections. The difierent sections are joined together by means of a screw head such as shown in Fig. 5. One end of a section of roller No.

2 is formed with anextension 22, the major part of which is screw threaded as shown. A plain end portion 23 of substantial length is located at the end of the extension and a similar plain portion between the end of the section of roller and the beginning of the screw threaded portion of the extension. A corresponding screw threaded recess is 10- 1 cated in next adjoining section of the lower roller. I have found that by joining my roller sections in this fashion better results are obtained and less wear results on the threaded portions.

in 0' crating the roving machine the sliver vention, however, only the pairs of rollers No. 1 and No. at are of the normal heavy type which unyieldingly pull the sliver or roving without permitting an give or slip. The interior pairs of rollers are so made that the sliver or roving is pulled yieldinily between these rollers. For this purpose t e upper rollers 2 and 3 are made very light so as to give a slipping or yielding pull. By the term yielding pull used throughout the specification and the claims is meant that the roving is drawn between certain of the pairs of rollers without the full efi'ect of the rotationof both upper and lower rollers 'at .full force thereupon. 'lhis yielding pull is accomplished by mounting the upper rollers of each pair in vertical slots whereby such rollers are free for vertical movement; Inasmuch as such mounting of, rollers is well known in the art no detailed description thereof is included herein; As pointed out before, the upper rollers of the end pairs are of such weight as not to yield upwardly when roving passes between the upper and lower rollers. middle pairs are light re ative to the end rollers and therefore will move upward vertically to a slight extent as the roving is drawn between the upper and lower rollers. For this reason when the roving passes between the upper and lower rollers of each of the middle pairsthe upper rollers thereof will yield upwardly a slight amount but will 0. 2 and l lo. 3

However, the up er rollers of the term at the same time pull the roving to some extent; hence the term yielding pull. This is particularly true of the air of rollers N o. 2 of which the upper roller 2 and lower roller 2 preferably are made with plain surfaces and are not ribbed. The sliver or roving is drawn by these light rollers, because of their yielding pull, in a more effective manner and without danger of breaking the cotton between the cylinders. Another feature of the pair of rollers N0. 2 which results from their small size construction is that they can stand in close proximity to the' pair'of final delivery rollers N o. 1 and in the same way the pair of rollers No. 3 can stand close to the pair of rollers No. 2. This allows the cotton to be conducted through the machine in a better manner and prevents injury to the yarn. When a section of yarn is pulled unyieldingl at one end and yieldingly atthe other and when the section is small enough so that the individual fibres of the cotton are subjected to the unyielding and the yielding pull at the same time, the yarn is drawn-smoothly and efficiently, the fibres are smoothed out and the curling or fraying of such fibres is prevented. In this connection it should be noted that I have used the word pull to include the function of the 1ndividual-rollers when travelling at different speeds, in drawing, in cooperation with its next succeeding or next preceding rollers, the section of sliver or roving between the two rollers. The pulling includes both the forward pull by one roller and the dragging pull by'the ot er,

pull throughout the claims and specification.

I have shown my roving machine equipped with four pairs of rollers the two outer of which are adapted to give the yarn an unyielding pull, and the two inner rollers a yielding pull. I have found that the use of only one pair of light interior rollers with two heavy outer pairs of rollers does not give as satisfactory results. The drawing by means of three rollers instead of by four cannot be in as gradual a manner. The light interior roller must carry more of a burden and being of light construction it often breaks down under the work. Thisdifliculty is obviated by the use of two interior rollers and preferably by the use of two 7 light interior rollers adapted to give a yielding pull.

In the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 the distances shown are adapted for 1 inch staple cotton. I have found the distances shown in the drawings between the different pairs of rollers are well adapted for the work and produce the best results for use with 1 inch staple cotton, for which such machine was designed. These distances are as fol lows: From airs of rollers No. 4 to. 3, 33 mm.; from o. 3 to 2, 24 mm.; from pairs and I have so used the No. 2 to 1, 22 mm. These distances are taken between the centers of the respective rollers and as stated'are based upon 1 inch staple cotton. If cotton of diiferent staple is to be drawn, these distances should be ad- ]usted in proportion to the length of staple. The actual measurements between the various pairsv of rollers thus vary relatively to the length of staple used. The distances, however, may be varied without serious loss of efiicrency to a certain extent but those above given produce the best results accordmg to my experience. In particular the distances between the pairs of rollers No. 2 and N o. I, placed at 22 mm. should be closely followed as the pair of rollers No. 2 in order to secure'the best results should be in close proximity to the pair of rollers No. 1.

. In Fig. 6 I have shown in outline my mvention as used" on the last of the drawing machines commonly called a ring spinning the pairs of rollers Nos. 4, 3, 2 and 1 at relatively greater speeds to one another than in the preceding machines. upper and lower rollers of the four pairs of rollers are indicated by the addition to the numerals of a and b respectively. The

usual minimum ratio between the speeds ofthe pairs of drawing rollers Nos. 4, 3, 2 and 1 is as 1.00, 1.18, 1.52 and 9.2 giving a drawing capacity of 16.5. This can be increased as high as 1.00, 1.3, 1.8 and 14, which will draw the cotton 33 times. In other respects the machine is similarly constructed to its companion machine shown in detail in Figs. 1 and 3. I

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In spinning apparatus means for drawing sliver consisting of four pairs of drawing rollers, each pair comprising an upper and a lower roller between which the sliver is adapted to pass, and means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, the two outer of said airs of rollers being adapted to pull the s iver or roving unyieldingly and the two inner pairs of rollers being adapted to pull said sliver yieldingly.

2. In spinning apparatus means for drawing roving consisting of four pairs of drawing rollers, each pair comprising an upper As before, the 4 and a lower roller between which the roving is adapted to pass, and means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, two heavy outer rollers adapted when cooperating with their respective lower rollers to pull said roving on 'eldin l and two light upper rollers adapte d with tlieir respective lower rollers to pull said roving yieldingly.

3. In spinning apparatus, means for drawing sliver consisting of four pairs or drawing rollers between which the sl1ver is adapted to pass, said pairs of rollers being N0, 4, No. 3, No. 2 and No, l, and means adapted to rotate saidpairs of rollers at successively greater per pheral speeds, each of said pairs of rollers comprising an upper and a lower roller, said upper rollers comprising two heavy outer rollers, No. 4 and No. 1 adapted when cooperating w th their respective lower rollers to pull said shver unyieldingly and two-light inner upper rollers No. 3 and No. 2 adapted when cooperating with their lower rollers to pull sa1 d sliver yieldingly, said pairs of rollers positioned apart at substantially the following distances relative to the staple, based upon one inch staple cotton; No. l to No. 3 33 mm; No. 3 to No. 2, 24 man; No. 2 to No. 122 mm.

4. In spinning apparatus, means for drawing roving consisting of fourpairs of drawing rollers, each pair comprising an upper and a lower roller between which the rovmg is adapted to pass, means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, the two outer of said pairs of rollers being adapted to pull the roving unyieldingly land the two inner pairs of rollers being adapted to pull said roving yieldingly, one of said pair of inner rollers being positioned at the relative distance of not over 24 mm. from said delivery rollers, and the other of said pair of inner rollers being positioned at the relative distance of not over mm. from said first mentioned pair of inner rollers, said relative distances being based upon one inch staple cotton.

5, in winning apparatus, means for drawing roving consisting of four pairs of drawing rollers, each pair comprising an upper and a lower roller between which the roving is adapted to pass, andineans adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, the two outer of said pairs of rollers being adapted to pull the roving unyieldingly and one of the two inner pairs of rollers being adapted to pull said roving yieldingly, one pair of said outer rollers being initial rollers and the other pair delivery rollers, the positions of the pairs of rollers in relation to one another being adjustable.

6. In spinning apparatus, means for draw ing sliver'consisting of four pairs of drawing rollers, each pair comprising an upper and a lower roller between which the sliver is adapted to pass, and means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, the two outer'of sai tively adjustable to the staple used in said sliver or roving. V p

7 In spinning apparatus-means for drawing sliver consisting of four pairs of drawing rollers, each pair comprising an upper and a lower roller between which the sliver is adapted to pass, and means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively airs of rollers being adapted to pull the s 'ver unyieldingly and the two inner greater peripheral speeds, the two outer of,

said pairs of rollers being adapted to pull the sliver unyieldingly and the two inner pairs of rollers being ada ted to pull said sliver yieldingly, said r0 ers bein positioned so as to cause the individual fi res of said sliver to be drawn a plurali oftimes by an unyielding pull and a yie ding pull combined.

8. In spinning apparatus means for drawing sliver consisting'of four pairs of drawing rollers, between which the sliver is adapted to pass, said pairs of rollers being No. 4, No. 3, No. 2 and No; 1, and means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, each of said pairs of rollers comprising an upper and a lower roller, said upper rollers comprising two heavy outer rollers, No. 4 and No. 1 adapted when cooperating with their respective lower rollers to pull said sliver unyieldingly and two light inner upper rollers No. 3 and No. 2 adapted when-cooperating with their lower rollers to pull said sliver yieldingly,

said upper rollers having plain surfaces and said lower rollers having rihbed surfaces except said lower roller, No. 2, which is provided with a plain surface, said lower roller No. 2 being formed in sections with means of joining together the several sections con- 7 sisting of an extension to one end of a section having a screw threaded portion and an exterior plain portion of substantial length.

9. in spinning apparatus, means for draw- 1 ing roving consisting of four pairs of draw-.

ing rollers, between which the roving is adapted to pass, said pairs of rollers being N0. 4, No. 3, No. 2 and No. 1, and means adapted to rotate said pairs of rollers at successively greater peripheral speeds, each of said pairs of rollers comprising an upper and a lower roller, said upper rollers CO3I1 prising two heavy outer rollers, No. 4 and No. 1 adapted when cooperating with their iii) respective lower rollers to pull said roving unyieldingly and two light inner upper rollers No. 3 and No. 2 adapted when coop crating with their lower rollers to pull said roving yieldingly, said upper rollers having plain surfaces and said lower rollers having ribbed surfaces except said lower roller, N0. 2, which is provided with a plain surface, said upper roller No. 2 being provided with a series of drawing surfaces and a series of intervening depressions adapted to collect waste.

10. The method of drawing sliver by pulling said sliver at more than three points simultaneously, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character.

11. The method of drawing roving by pulling said roving at more than three points, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character.

12. The method of drawing roving by pulling said roving at more than three points, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character the amount of the drawing between the third and the second point being greater than the drawing between the second and the first point, and the amount of the drawing between the final and the third point being in excess of the amount of the drawing between the said third and the said second point and. between the said second andthe said first point combined.

1a The method of drawing sliver by uning said sliver at more than three points simultaneously, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character, the amount of the drawing increasing successively in the different drawings.

' 14. The method of drawing sliver by pulling said sliver at more than three points simultaneously, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character, the sliver being drawn simultaneously in three sections, the said sections successively decreasing in length.

15. The method of drawing roving by pulling said roving at. more than three pointssimultaneously, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character, the roving being drawn simultaneously in three sections, the length of the said sections being relative to i the-staple in said sliver or roving.

16. The method of drawing sliver by pulling said sliver at more than three points simultaneously, said pulling at a plurality of successive points being of a yielding character and at the final point of an unyielding character, the sliver being drawn simultaneously in three sections, the said sections successively decreasing in length, the final section being of a length, the relative measurement of which, as based on one inch staple cotton does not exceed 24 mm.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

FELIX PERUTZ.