US1626465A - X-ray tube - Google Patents
X-ray tube Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1626465A US1626465A US673166A US67316623A US1626465A US 1626465 A US1626465 A US 1626465A US 673166 A US673166 A US 673166A US 67316623 A US67316623 A US 67316623A US 1626465 A US1626465 A US 1626465A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anticathode
- vessel
- metal
- rays
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
- G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/16—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
- H01J35/02—Details
- H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
- H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
- H01J35/112—Non-rotating anodes
Definitions
- This invention relates to X-ray tubes having a glow-cathode arranged within an evacuated envelope and also to a device for operating such tubes.
- the glow-catho .e of Xray tubes is disposed within a metal vessel, at least a part of the wall of said vessel forming part of v the envelope of the 'X-ray tube, and the the metal vessel may be constricted on that side adjacent the anticathode to form an aperture for the passage ofi the cathode rays, and that portion of the surface of the "anticathode to be struck by the cathode rays is located in or adjacent the said aperture.
- the glow-cathode is also preferably insulated from the metal vessel.
- the metal vessel in which the glowcathode is disposed is connected to the glow-cathode preferably conductingly or via a source of'constant but regulable voltage. It is particularly advisable that the glow-cathode and the metalvessel are-connected in such a manner by a resistance or a source of voltage that the metal vessel has a constant negative potential difference relative to all points of the filament.
- the known X-ray tubes with a metal envelo e as compared with those having an enve ope of glass have various advantages for example less fragility ,and the X-rays being better reproducible owing to the charge of the glass wall being no longer harmful.
- the present invention has the aforesaid ad'- vantages, the improved reproduction being -ray tube according to the effected by giving a constant potential to the metal part.
- the focussing devlce forthe X-rays may be dispensed with.
- the cathode rays emitted by the glowcathode need not be converged to a beam, but the metal vessel and the anticathode may be so shaped and arranged relative to each other that the cathode rays can strike only a limited area of the anticathode.
- the metal vessel and the anticathode may preferably be so shaped and arranged relatively to each other that the active X-rays are directed at an angle, preferably at right angles to the surface of the anticathode.
- the incandescent cathode need no longer be arranged in a concentrated shape is taken advantage of. It may for example be disposed annularly around the axis of the parts which are coaxially arranged, it being thus X-rays to' leave the tube possible for the undisturbed.
- FIGS 2, 3, 4 and 5 show some embodi- I ments adapted for practical use.
- Figures 4 and 5. show in addition to the X-ray tube a part of the device necessary for tgperating it.
- the glow-cathode 1 is enclosed within a metal vessel 3 in which the anticathode 2 is also enclosed.
- the conductors for the glow-cathode are sealed in a glass tube 4 which is hermetically fused to the vessel 3.
- the anticathode 2 is insulated from the metal vessel by an insulating member 5 which is preferably of glass and likewise hermetically sealed to the metal vessel.
- the tube is exhausted in any known manner to a very low pressure (for example lower than 0.0006 millimeters of mercury).
- a high voltage is maintained between the glow-cathode 1 and the anticathode2, and the metal vessel 3 is kept at a constant potential relative to the glow-catho de. This may be ensured for example by conductingly connecting one end of the glow-cathode to the metal vessel.
- the glow-cathode may-also be connected to the metal vessel via a source of constant voltage. In doing so care shoul be taken that the metal vessel 3 is given a negative potential in relation to all points If this negative potential of the electrons emitted by the glow-cathode will be capable of striking the wall'of the metal vessel but all'of them will be forced to pass to the anticathode 2.
- the latter is shaped as a small spherical body so that the cathode rays can only strike a small area of the anticathode, the X-rays.
- the metal Vessel 3 should be rovided at some suitable oint with a win ow for the passage of the -rays.
- the potential difference between the metal vessel 3 and the glow-cathode may also be slightly positive, but this has the detrimental effect that part of. the electrons emitted by the glow-cathode will strike the metal.
- FIG. 2 An embodiment of-theinvention which is more adapted for practical use is illustrated in Figure 2.
- the glow-cathode-9 which is a circular filament is disposedwithin a metal vessel 6 which at 7 is constricted to form a small aperture in which part of the anticathode 8 is located.
- the metal vessel is provided with a window 13, 14 for the passage of the X-rays generated.
- the window illustrated coinwall which causes loss of energy and heat-- prises a glass plate 13, hermetically sealed to the metal wall and a thin metal plate 14 of for instance aluminum or silver, or in lieu thereof a grid or gauze of similar material may be provided which is transparent to X-rays but prevents the glass plate fromv becoming charged by the cathode rays.
- the thin metal plate or grid 14 is provided with the object of making the vessel contain ing the glow-cathode as far as possible of metal throughout. Ifa small negative potential difference is brought about between the metal vessel and the glow-cathode no electrons emitted by the glow-cathode will be capable of reaching the wall of the vessel and consequently of injuring the regular functioning of the tube.
- the conductors 10 and 11 for the glow-cathode are sealed in a glass tube 12, which is hermetically fused to the metal vessel.
- the filament 9 which consists for example of tungsten, is supported by short legs 16, of for examplemolybdenum, which in turn are secured to a ring 15 of suitable insulating material, for example glassv or porcelain.
- the anticathode is insulated from the metal vessel by an insulation capable of resisting any high tension.
- the anticathode may be cooled in any suitable manner.
- the glow-cathode comprises a tungsten filament a negative potential difference of say'5 volts, is sufiicient to prevent the electrons emitted by the glow-cathode from striking the metal wall.
- One of the conductors may also be directly connected, conductingly -'or via a' resistance, to themetal vessel, the other conductor only being insulated and introduced into the tube.
- the metal vessel 23 is provided with a slanting metal plate 24, in which is an aperture 33. Opposite this aperture is the anticathode 25, insulated from the metal vessel by the insulating material 27. The X-rays generated are projected through a window 26 which is constructedin a manner similarto that illustrated in Figure 2.
- the glow-cathode 28 is insulated from the only 'through this aperture thus ensuring that only a small area of the anticathode is used for generating -X-rays.
- the anticathode may consist of any suit able material such-for example as.molybdenum, tungsten.
- co per or iron for example may be used and or hermetically sealing the metal vessel to the glass parts of the envelope a platinum 'ring may be used;
- a chrome-iron ring maybe used to advantage if the'chrome-irorl is so composed that lts 7 thermal coeflicient of expansion is substanmay be deprived of the occluded gases and its minute porosity are particularly useful properties.
- An X-ray tube comprising a cathode within ahigh vacuum vessel, said vessel consisting partly of metallic material and forming a part of the envelope of the tube, an anticathode insulatedfrom said vessel by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the cathode and the anticathode, the metal vessel having a portion adjacent the anticathode so shaped and arranged relativelyto the anticathode that the cathode-rays are caused to strike only a limited surface of the anticathode.
- An X-ray tube comprising a cathode within a high vacuum vessel, said vessel consisting partly of'metallic material and forming a partof the envelope of the tube, ananticat ode insulated from said vessel by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the cathode and the anti cathode, the metal vessel on the side adja cent the anticathode being constructed to form.
- an aperture for the passage of the cathode rays, the portion of the surface oi the anticathode to be struck by the cathode rays being located adjacent said' aperture.
- An X-ray tube comprising an incandescent cathode within a high vacuum vessel consisting partly of metallic material and forming a part of the envelope of the tube, an anticathode insulated from said vessel by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the incandescent cathode and the anticathode, the
- metal vessel having a portion adjacent the anti-cathode so shaped and arranged relatively to the anticathode that the cathode rays are caused to strike only a limited surface of the anticathode, one end of the fila-. ment and the metal vessel being connected conductively.
- X-ray tube comprising an incandescent cafhode within a hlgh vacuum vessel COHSISlZIIIg partly 0t metallic material and forming a part of the envelope of the .metal vessel on the side adjacent the anticatho e being constricted to form an aperture for the passage of the cathode rays,
- An X-ray tube comprising an incandescent cathode within a high vacuum vessel, said vessel consisting partly of metallic material and forming a part of the envelope of the tube, an anticathode insulated from said vessel by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the incandescent cathode and the anticathode, the
- metal vessel having a portion adjacent the lope of the tube, an anticathode insulated from said vessel by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the "incandescent cathode and the anticathode,
- An X-ray tube comprising an incandescent cathode within a hlgh vacuum vessel
- said vessel consisting partly of metallic material and forming a part of the envelope of the tube, an anticathode'insulated from said "esscl by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the incandescent cathode and the anticathode, the metal vessel having a portion adjacent the anticathode so shaped and arranged relatively to the anticathode that the cathode rays are caused to strike only a limited surface of the anticathode, and a source of voltage inserted between the metal vessel and one end of the filament.
- An X-lflY] tube comprising an incandescent cathode within a high vacuum vessel, said vessel consisting partly of metallic material and forming apart of the envelope of the tube, an anticathode insulatedfrom said vessel by an insulation capable of resisting the operating voltage between the in-.
- An Xray tube comprising a cathode and an anti-cathode spaced therefrom, a
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL23340T | 1922-12-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1626465A true US1626465A (en) | 1927-04-26 |
Family
ID=31944901
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US673166A Expired - Lifetime US1626465A (en) | 1922-12-06 | 1923-11-06 | X-ray tube |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1626465A (nl) |
CH (1) | CH106650A (nl) |
DE (1) | DE490709C (nl) |
FR (1) | FR567475A (nl) |
GB (1) | GB208108A (nl) |
NL (1) | NL14471C (nl) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2482275A (en) * | 1945-11-26 | 1949-09-20 | Machlett Lab Inc | Electrical discharge device |
US2663812A (en) * | 1950-03-04 | 1953-12-22 | Philips Lab Inc | X-ray tube window |
US2665391A (en) * | 1950-03-04 | 1954-01-05 | Amperex Electronic Corp | X-ray tube having a mica window |
US2679017A (en) * | 1950-12-26 | 1954-05-18 | Machlett Lab Inc | X-ray tube |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB701050A (en) * | 1950-03-22 | 1953-12-16 | Werner Ehrenberg | Improvements in or relating to x-ray tubes |
DE972355C (de) * | 1952-02-20 | 1959-07-09 | Licentia Gmbh | Strahlenaustrittsfenster aus Glasfolie mit einer Dicke kleiner als 0, 1 mm, vorzugsweise Hartglasfolie, fuer Entladungsgefaesse, insbesondere Roentgenroehren, und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
DE1062826B (de) * | 1957-04-11 | 1959-08-06 | Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag | Roentgenroehre |
CH355225A (de) * | 1958-01-22 | 1961-06-30 | Foerderung Forschung Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Kontrollieren und Korrigieren der Lage des durch einen Kathodenstrahl erzeugten Brennflecks auf der Antikathode einer Röntgenröhre |
DE1122639B (de) * | 1959-10-28 | 1962-01-25 | Licentia Gmbh | Hochstromroentgenroehre |
US3124710A (en) * | 1960-03-17 | 1964-03-10 | X-ray tubes | |
DE1273707B (de) * | 1965-09-22 | 1968-07-25 | Telefunken Patent | Rundstrahl-Roentgenroehre |
-
1922
- 1922-12-06 NL NL14471D patent/NL14471C/xx active
-
1923
- 1923-05-25 GB GB13853/23A patent/GB208108A/en not_active Expired
- 1923-06-15 FR FR567475D patent/FR567475A/fr not_active Expired
- 1923-10-30 CH CH106650D patent/CH106650A/de unknown
- 1923-10-31 DE DEN22552D patent/DE490709C/de not_active Expired
- 1923-11-06 US US673166A patent/US1626465A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2482275A (en) * | 1945-11-26 | 1949-09-20 | Machlett Lab Inc | Electrical discharge device |
US2663812A (en) * | 1950-03-04 | 1953-12-22 | Philips Lab Inc | X-ray tube window |
US2665391A (en) * | 1950-03-04 | 1954-01-05 | Amperex Electronic Corp | X-ray tube having a mica window |
US2679017A (en) * | 1950-12-26 | 1954-05-18 | Machlett Lab Inc | X-ray tube |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH106650A (de) | 1924-09-01 |
GB208108A (en) | 1924-08-25 |
DE490709C (de) | 1930-01-31 |
FR567475A (fr) | 1924-03-03 |
NL14471C (nl) | 1926-03-15 |
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