US1618721A - Coal breaker - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 22 ,19274.

J. T. NORMAN GOAL BREAKER Filed Jun 5, 1925 2 Sheets-Sham'l 1 TTORNEY Feb. 22, 1927. 1,618,721

` J. T. NORMAN COAL BREAKER Filed June 3, 1925 2 51138105-5116 2 Patented Feb. 22, 1927.

unirse stares 1,618,721 PATENT joFFics. y

JOSEPH T. NOR-MAN, OF NANTICOKE, FENNSYLVANIA.

COAL BREAKER.

Application filed June 3, 1925.

The 'invention generally relates to coal breakers and primarily has for its object to provide a simple and effective machine of the class stat-ed in which means is provided for imparting a. real breaking action to the coal whereby to obtain the maximum of thepobecause of the great waste occasioned by un necessary pulverization of the coal. Among these types, those commonlyused effect a breaking of the coal by impactrin the nature of sharp blows, by a crushing action either Vby close engaging parts or by varied speed traveling agencies, or by opposed toothed rollers. Of these types the latter is probably the most practical and most commonly employed but is itself open to serious objection for several reasons, viz, the excessive pulverization of the coalby improper coordination of the rollers, the loss by pulverization due to the necessity of the coal falling a relatively great distance to and from the rollers, the great amount of work and expense in time and labor necessary in the adjustment of the relation of the rollers (it being necessary to completely remove and change driving gears and sometimes the, rollers themselves) and because of the factV that it is possible for flat pieces-of coal to fall freely flatwise through the rollers and the attendant necessity of regrading and retreating such pieces.

Therefore, my present invention, addressed to the efiicient elimination of the ills above enumerated, has for a more detailed object to provide means. for breaking the coal by a pressure actionso imparted as to assure cleavage thereof into the largest pieces possible and with a substantial elimination of all waste.

With the above and-other objects in vview that will'hereinafter appear the invention further resides in the novel Vdetails of con-y section villustrating the invention.

Serial No. 34,707.

Figure 2 is a somewhat diagrammatic cross section of the invention and serves to illust-rate the means for transmitting power to and adjusting the position of the moving parts thereof. I

Figure 3 is a plan view of the grader and feeder hopper. v

Figure 4' is a cross section taken on the line .4r-4 on Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a diagrammatic plan View showing the cooperative arrangement of the pins of the Abreaker V elements.

yFigure 6 is a detail end view of a section of the endless conveyor which forms the breaker table.

In the drawings, 1 indicates a receiving hopper having the usual flared receiving throat-way and a depending abutment skirt 2 and forwardly extended neck portion 3.

Asuitable supporting table or guideway l may be provided to serve as a supporting medium for the reciprocable grading and screening table providedwith side wings 6 and a receiving floor composed of a. pluralityV of longitudinally positioned spaced rollers 7 mounted in suitable bearings at the ends of the table and to which rotation (in like direction to all rollers) is transmitted through the connections 8 from the. pulley connec`V tions 9 to which said motion is initially imparted. A suitable pitman 10 is connected to the table, as at 11, and@ an eccentric 12 with which the pitman has a strap connection 18, serve to impart reciprocatory motion to the said table 5.

The neck portion 3 with which the hopper is provided may extend substantially to the fore end of thevreciprocable table 5 and it will be readily understood that as the coal l to be crushed is fed into the hopper it will vbe deposited upon the said table and as the forward stroke of reciprocation takes place the said coal will be fedalong thattable and ofi" its fore or discharge end. Each time the table moves forwardly an additional amount of coal will be allowed to fall down upon the same adjacent the abut-V Ward movement of the said tablethat skirt .ment skirt 2 and upon the succeeding reari will act to force the coal forwardly, thus vin like direction the function of that table will be to tend to turn edgewiseV such flat tion of the conveyor M passes over pieces oit coal as are small enough to tall through the spaces between the rollers` thus serving both to grade the coal to the desired size and to screen the, same ot slate and the like. Also, by rotating all ot the rollers in like direction it is impossible `,tor any ot the coal lumps to lodge between the same and clog the mechanism.

The diseharge end of the table 5 posiA tionedgso as to discharge, at a low point, upon the receiving! end of the endless couveyer table ld which includes side chains l5 adapted to pass over sprockets lt` on the cross shafts 1T and is composed ot closely positioned slats. The slats lfd are each provided at one edge with a convexly curvetli portion 19; terminating in un outnuirdly positioned abutuient shoulder it) and at the other edge with a concave portion 2L terminan ing in an abutment edge The concave portion ot one slat is adapted to receive the convex portion oi the adjacent slat and the abutment shoulder 52() to cooperate with the abutment edge and provide a substantially continiious flat eonveyer table which will not readily sag: under its own weight and that ot the `coal.

The upper table :torniing or travel pora supporting;` table 23 adapted to provide a rest for that portion ot the conveyor and to absorb all pressure and shook applied thereto. Each eonvcyer slat 18 is l'n'ovided with a plurality ot eentrally dispoffed equi-distantly spared pins envtemline lonuitudih nally thereacross, the spaces between the pins; on each slut and those ot adj aeentslats being such that eonnidered longitudinally and erosswise all:` pins are equi-distantly spaced, and a plurality ot said pins are adapted toprovide a rest l'or` a single lump ot coal. A lneakerroller 25, pin studded as at 26, is positioned centrally above and in opposed relation to the upper travel portion ot theteonveyer table let. The breaker roller is adjustable as to its opposed relation with the said conveyor `and is adapted to be rotated at a relatively slow speed, say :tor example from thirty to thirty-live revolutions per minute in a manner soon to be describeth and the pins 2G with which the roller is provided are so positioned thereon that each thereof is adapted to cooperate or be centrally disposed with relation to a plurality of the pins l of the said eon veyer. By re'l'erenee to Figure 5 the positioniner `ot the pins 2d ot' the conveyor table let and the relative positioning' ot those 2G ol the roller Q5 and the cooperating function thereot wiltbe readily apparent. lt will also be observed by retereiiice to Fie'A ure 1 ot' the drawings that the pins QG projeet from the said roller 25 somewhat tan- `e'entially in the direction ot rotation olE that roller so that the said pins rfil he caused to engage the coal lmnp in a manner Whereby the torce exerted thereby will be directed to the axis ot each said pin.

A take-oill chute 27 is provided and positioned with the receiving end thereotl closely adjacent the discharge end of the conveyor table lflso as to receive the broken eoal discharged therefrom.

It will be understood, of Course, that one ot the shafts 1T oi' the conveyer let lis an idler while the othenl'las rotative motion imparted. thereto. The means tor imparting movement to the endless conveyor table 14 and the roller Q5 will now be deseribedr The roller is` provided with trunnion extensions 2S, one of which has` securely mounted thereupon a large gear 29 to which power is transmitted by the smaller driver pinion 3() which `meshes therewith and is mounted `upon the driver shaft 3l upon one end of which is mounted the loose pulleys 532-33' to which power is applied by suitable belt transmission, the belt being arranged to travel horizontally so that vertical adjustment ot the shaft 311 will not effect the said power transmission.

The shaft and trunnions 311 and 28 have bearings in the connector bearingV member 3d so that when the roller is adjusted the relation of the driver shaft therewith will' be retained, or in other vvords the roller Q5 and the driver shaft Willl be moved in unisony when adjustment of said' roller is ef- :teeted The bearing,r members Eel are ver tioally slidable in brackets 35 and each member 3ft is provided with a lateral` extension SGbetween which andthe arms 37 ex tending trom the brackets 35 are interposed springs 3S which serve to normally hohl the roller Q5 down to its adjusted position while providing'` a yielding means so that should a lump of stone or iron be passed between the said roller and the conveyor table the roller Would be permitted to yield upi wardly and thus prevent breakage ot the pins thereojli.

An adjuster shaft 39 is provided and mounted in suitable bearings 4D. 'lhe shat 39 is provided with a large driven gear 4l to which rotative motion is imparted through the medium ol the smal-l pinion l2 meshing therewith and mounted on the crank shaft et@ which is in turn mounted in suitable bearings and provided with a crank lit by which the rotative motion may be imparted for etlfeeting the adjustment ot` the roller-S25` The shaft Si) has seeurcd to each end thereof ahevel geur l5 adapted to mesh with `a similar beveh gear 461 rotatablyY conlined insuitable bearings and thread bored to permit passage ol'` the adjuster screws 4'1" provided at their upper endswith suitable bearing' buttons 4:8 which eng-age sockets 49 in the underside oit` the extensions 3G ot the bearing members Bet.

From the'foregoing it Will be understood that as the crank 44 is turned rotative motion Will be imparted to the shaft 39 and the confined bevel gear 45 rotated. Movement of the confined gears 45 Will eiect vertical movementY of the screws 47 causing the roller 25 to move upwardly avvay from relation With the conveyer table 14 and against'the tension of the springs 38, thus permitting adjustment of the opposed relation of the said roller andtable according to the size of the coal to be crushed.-

By reason of eorrelatively positioning the pins of the roller 25. and the conveyer table 14 as illustrated in .Figure 5 of the drawing and by driving the said parts at the same peripheral speed, means is provided for breaking the coal into the largest commercial sizes possible Without grinding or crushing action such as Will cause undesired pulverization.

For driving the conveyer table 14 at the same surface speed as that of the roller 25 one trunnion 28 and one shaft 17 maybe connected by like sized sprockets and chain transmission devices 59. Obviously gear train transmission would be the equivalent of the means just above disclosed. y

Figure 1 of the dra-Wings illustrates one unit of adaptation of the invention. It should beunderstood that a plurality of such units may be positioned one above the other so that the small size coal lumps Will fall through the greater table onto the hopperof the unit below so as to be treated in a similar manner as herein described and so on down through several such units until practical commercial sizing of the coal has been completed.

While I have disclosed herein means for feeding the coal to the breaker devices and for separating and grading the same While so feeding it, I make no claim in this application to that means as it forms the subject matter of a copending'application which is a division of the present one.

From the foregoing' description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, it is thought that the novel details or construction, the manner of operation and the advantages of my invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art to which it relates.

lVhat I claim is: Y

1. In a device of the class described, a moving 4table having projections so spaced that a plurality thereof will provide supports for a lump of coal, a second movable member opposed to the movable table and having breaker pins projecting therefrom, and means independent of the rcoal being broken for moving' said table and said inem Y bei' cooperatively toV cause their adjacent surfaces to move substantially at like speeds and inlike direction for causing the pins of said member to engage `the lumps of coal supported by each plurality ofV projections o f said table interniediately of said projec-` tions. Y c

2. In a deviceof the class described, a moving table having projections so spaced that a plurality thereof Will provide supports for a lump of coal, a second movable member opposed to the movable table and having breaker pins projecting therefrom, and means independent of the coal being broken for moving lsaid table and said. member cooperatively to cause their adjacent surfaces to move substantially at like speeds and in like direction for causing the pins of said member to engage the lumps of coal supported by eacli plurality of projections of said table intermediately of said projections, and means for adjusting the relation of said table and member toward and from each other.

3. In a device of the class described, an

endless conveyer table composed of closely related slats having coal lump supporting projections, a rotatable roller positioned adjustably above and in opposed relation to the conveyer tableY and having breaker pins projecting therefrom, a supporting table beneath the conveyer and the roller thereabove and over which the former rides to be supported against the coal breaking action, and means independent of thev coal being broken for imparting motion to the roller and the conveyer table at like surface speed and in a manner for presenting each pin thereof cooperatively intermediately of a cooperating plurality of conveyer table projections.

4. In a device of the class described, ay moving table having projections so spaced vthat a plurality thereof will provide supports for a lump of coal, a rotatable roller opposed to the movable table and having breaker pins projecting therefrom, in for- .Wardly inclined relation to a radial position` whereby to cause said pins to engage the coal substantially axially and iiiterniediately of and in substantially parallel relation to a plurality of coal lump supporting projecv tions at a point in advance ofthe axis of said rotatable roller and means independent of the coal being broken for moving said table and for rotating said roller cooperatively for causing the pins of said roller to engage the lumps of coal supported by each plurality of projections of said table substantially axially and interincdiately of said table projections. ,5. In a device of the class described, movable table having projections so spaced that a plurality` thereof Will provide supports for a lump of coal, a rotatable roller opposed to the movable 'table and having breaker pins projecting therefrom, means for causing the roller and table to move coiio operatively whereby their adjacent surfaces will more substantially at like speeds and in like direction for causing the pins ol said` roller to engage the lumps of coal supported by each plurality of project-ions of saidl table intermediately of said projections, a` driver shaft, shaft extensions on the roller, gears connecting the driver shaft and one shalt extension in rotative relation, a slide bracket carrying the respective ends of theshaft extensions and those ofthe driver shaft to cause said shaft and roller and connecting; gears to move together, guide brackets for the slides, yicldable ineans for normally holding the roller and shaft to their adjust ed position, and means for adjusting the slide brackets for the purposes specified.

6. In coal ln'eakers, a pair of breaker elenients, at least one ot' which comprises a rotable breaker roller nieinber mounted in cooperative relation to the other element, a

driver shaft, shaft extensions on the rotat` able roller, gears connecting the driver shaft and one shaft extension in rotatable relation, slide brackets carrying the respective ends of the shaft extensions and those ot` the driver shaft to cause said shaft and rotatable specified.

JOSEPH T. NORMAN.

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