US1586306A - Tunnel oven - Google Patents

Description

A. 4 1,586,306 G. GRNDAL. 5T Al.

TUNNEL OVEN Filed Nov. e, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 25 1926.`

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- Inventor G' r Grd/adm.' U5 abens Carlson Patented May 25, 19276.

GSTAF l GRNDAL, 10F .DJ'UBSHOIM, .AND LORENS CARLSON, OIE*v l STQCKHOLM, SWEDEN.

v,"iUfiStrIiii.. OVEN.A

.npplricatipngleLNoveiber,6,"1924. Serial No. 7485193.

..It' liasbeenffnund, that 'shuleshschists and other comparatively very'hituininousniate-f r`ri als may veryfeaslyb-e distilledby heating,

prebebly primarily. is tram.S'fulfilled7 -.f.1t0 @seni-1116 1113.85, Wh'elliby 'tlesrue tive.I distillation 'gen- `ein'tes. vgas ifroin, .which oils.' are obtained by .nieainsii of. eonlclellsntou. fFojr "that reason Suche material cannot be tieatedi'nthedis `tllng,.fiippfirgitns (Scottish retorts Vvor Vrevxfolizirig. dr'nins) hitherto .'nse'd, .beeause the irriterel dnrngthe he nggwill stick 'tothe -WllQS-Jo the.` elipeijtitusgn'd'thereby' eens-e nterruptonsinl't-heproeess.

"..Qiuf' intention .relates to e' uroeeSS, l .jei'iiappaaretus su'. i v nient' of. such eoking,materials.

.Aeeoridingjto the "invention rthe linz'iteria in. the shane of powder., Smell .pieces or .br'ks ...is ,placed in .thin layers' upon e :bed '('foi instance jtrnys Aonsl'ielves), wheh is subjected to. an. indireotlheating in` a Closed chirnber by means'of Combustion gasesdoessing, thronglilieaiting 4means. (radiators, ire

hginriels..y .orf :the like) j in the 'chamber l and at this passage. emitting heut nto the 'niatef miel;a .directly by rdetion 'f as well es ndi- .reoldy .Lbyj means of the jgsesj .and "vapors, agneleted .di'iiiingthe process. and"l indirectly alsojby stezinifi t diieedwinto ytlie chamber. "The materialliei @ydsk decomposed; andgexp'e'ls. `oil vapors end .gasesf Wliieli are' colleete d @and condensed'lirtlie. usual manner. 'Villien the.. treatmentof' the. material.. is fiiiishedgth the 'i' `arereinovedgfiomihe lhez'iting j Chamber amd the reineiridQi'S removed fir-onu the, sup- Vp wit in 4 'tlie1s.2i.dehzunloer; y f

` The heating olieretionipreferiilly'nniy be carried .ont in sevemleteps of d'ereiit-gte1r i peintures, x for` `nvliiveli.A rpose the traystinay Y he :pliced' on 50ers, which (are Veontinuously 'or .1" nittentlyimoyedt. through en E.elob q f tedlheatingehamber, the ,difiierent parts not. which :are: 'lieetedito derent-tempertitures,whereby fthe prooessis accelerated andthe' produetolrthus increased. In .place of :,moifing.; .the E-'inateral 'L through the heatingeliainber the combustion I (heating)4 gases may he v introd'uoed successively in fdi'ierent .zjlzuiztsof .llcliainberf mengen.

-for the reasonutl'int tliefbituinen surgpgigtingL triys` indffthe `reinztiiiders "upon- `liilinand'tlie material with its 'supporting` trays be stationary.

4For .facilitating the trans-mission ofitlie heette tlie'inaterial-gas Circulating means, I

chamber. f n

After the pussege 'through the said chainberthe-.supporting trays with the remain- "deis upon.:thein aresuitehly cooled jwith waiter., and the steam thereby gener-ated: in-

troduced into thejhea-ting elianibeigfwliereby lient, that'otherwisewvouldbe lost', can he utilized.

In tlieuccoinpunying drawing a constructi onal''orni of ai' tunnel joven suitable ffiorthe process' now "descrihediis illustrated in a .ver-

tical longitudinulseetion'in l `and in `t"horizontal longitudinal sectionl inflig. 2; Figs. L3 4 undj illustrate respeetryelyyvertioaleross sections .along the lines 'lll-lli,

'The funnel oyen vucontains vrsin1'elingnted` 'chamber A. AWliiolifet lits .ends is Vprovided with' olossing, ineens, ujiiore eliainber'B atx'the n Vone 1 and a Cooling f chamber 5 C at ythe other ond.'A 'Ateitlier side ofrtlierehanibei sets of heating 'elements "d,y fe, are arranged; heated l hy ineens of`i-coinl3ns`tion-gsses' l'from fire places Vf, g situated outside-1 the g tunnel: oven,

to "a .more feeble 'lieating on "the stretch y-i 1"(Where' the'felenientsliaye i lower tenipeisiture) and nully v.to soniewliuthigher ttenqzer:turev ou the stretch g/,f -sfior @Yvelling lthe @lest ieniaiiiders ot the oil; 'i'ze ;teniperaiture.oipv the elements on the y-y1iniy,` ns-staited,zbe lower than tl-i etch ut on the kstretch m1.-g/,.becaiise"the-inaterial on the I stretch' Vlast. mentioned has-alreatdy heen heated to such zi high temperature,gthut'the distillation of theinuteiil on thatgstr-et-oh .as fans, are suitably arranged in'itlielieeting' Cil Sill

so that. the inaterialfupon: the 'fours introduced 'from' tliefore clizinheiijB nt irstsuliniitted 2:- toia drying onyth'e stretch zr-l by "ineens ot the coniplurutively weakly lient-ed elements tliereu'ter to e rupi-d f lientingfto about 400 C.' onthe stretch x14-y (bygnesns ottlie ,y v'inoreg highly "heated i elementsv (Z) thereafter lli) the end nearest the cooling chamber, pass through the set to the adjacent end of the set (Z, where they meet the combustion gases from the tire place which gases havtI passed through the set of elements al in :i direction opposite to that of gases first nientioned. The. two currents of gases pass to gether through channels z under the set oi elements d and enter into the set of elements i, through which they fiow to the chimney 7c.

The parts of the elements d and c, which are situated nearest to the lire places of course obtain the highest temperature, while the elements z' have the lowest one.

In the heating chamber ventilators (circulation fans) Z are arranged for increasing kthe circulation of the gases and localizing the temperature in the chamber within nar1 row limits, for which purpose they are situated on determined places of the cham ber. The steam expelled from the material on the stretch rtf-:r1 is brought into circulation in this part of the chamber by means of the ventilators placed nearest the inlet, but when more such steam is expelled it flows over to the stretch acl-y, where it is heated to a relatively high temperature by the elements Z and is brought into circulation about the material on this stretch. This material hereby is heated to W-100 C., whereby very much oil is expelled, an expelling that continues exothermically on the stretch g/--g/1 where for that reason-any transmitting of heat is not quite necessary and the use of ventilators thus not required. Near to the outlet end of the heating chamber such ventilators Z are placed for producing a brisk circulation on the stretch g/l-z, thereby transmitting the heat from the strongly7 heated elements e to the niaterial and removing the last remainder ofV the oil therefrom. v

Conduits m open into the cooling chamber C for the introduction of cooling water to the hot cars with their charge whereby steam is generated and also other tubes n for carrying such steam to the stretch yl-*eg (or oaf-y) in the heating chamber A. Chamber A is also provided with conduits 0 for carrying the disengaged oleiferous gases to a condensing device not illustrated on the drawing.

In the treatment of highly bituminous shales, etc., the remainders after the distillation may be coked to such an extent that they stick to the supporting beds; for avoiding this inconvenience the trays before their charging may be powdered witn a thin layer of the pulverized remainder or any other suitable material.

The process (as well as the funnel oven) of course may also be used for noncolting material and affords in both cases the advantage of permitting a working up of the material in a powdered form.

Having now particularly described the nature of our invention and the manner o' its operation, what we claim is:

l. A tunnel oven for distilling oil and other products from bituminous materials as shales, schists, coal and the like, comprising movable cars, trays piled up with interspaces upon such cars and carrying the material thereon in thin layers, heatin devices situated inside the oven, means closing the oven at its inlet and outlet ends., outlets for the vapors and gases generated in the distillation, and fans ar anged in the distillation chamber itself for producing a circulation of the said vapors and gases.

2. A tunnel oven for distilling Oil and other products from bituminous materials as shales, schiste, coal and the lile, comprising movable cars, trays piled up with interspaces upon such cars and carrying the material thereon in thin layers, heating de1 vices situated inside the oven, means for closing the oven at its inlet and outlet ends, outlets in the oven for the vapors and gases generated in the distillation, fans arranged in the distillation chamber for circulation of the vapors and gases, a cooling chamber at the outlet end of the oven, conduits for introducing water into said chamber to cool the material introduced therein, and other conduits for conducting the steam generated in the cooling chamber to the distillation chamber.

A tunnel oven for distilling oil and other products from bituminous materials as shales, schists, coal and the like, com` prising movable cars, trays piled up with interspaces upon such ears and carrying the material thereon in thin layers, means for closing the oven at its inlet and outlet ends, outlets in the oven for the vapors and gases generated in the distillation, circulation fans in the distillation chamber, heating devices situated inside the oven and consisting of three sets of heating flues arranged in succession lengthwise of the oven, an outer furnace for each of the two sets of heating lues nearest the outlet end of the distillation chamber and arranged to supply heat` ing gases to said fines, a common flue communicating with the said two sets of flues and opening into the set nearest to the inlet end of the distillation chamber.

4. A. tunnel oven for distilling oil and other products from bituminous in aterials as shales, schists, coal and the like, comprising` movable cars, trays piledl up with interspaces upon such cars and carrying the material thereon in thin layers, means for closing the oven at its inlet and outlet ends, outlets for the vapors and gases generated in the distillation, fans arranged in the distillation chamber for circulation of the vapors and gases, a cooling chamber at the outlet end of the oven, conduits for introducng wate into said chamber to cool the f oven and consisting of three sets of heating fines arranged in succession lengthwise of the oven, an outer furnace 'for each of the two sets of heating fines nearest the outlet end of the distillation i-hfnnbei and a1'-y ranged to supply heating gases to said ilnes,

a common flue communicating with the said two sets of lines and opening into the set.

nearest to the inlet end ,of the distillation chamber. ,f i5 K y In testimony whereof We have Signed oni' names to this specification.

GUSTAF GRNDAL. LOB-ENS CARLSON.

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