GB2483478A - Apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2483478A
GB2483478A GB1014972.2A GB201014972A GB2483478A GB 2483478 A GB2483478 A GB 2483478A GB 201014972 A GB201014972 A GB 201014972A GB 2483478 A GB2483478 A GB 2483478A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
reactor
gas
containers
container
stack
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Granted
Application number
GB1014972.2A
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GB201014972D0 (en
GB2483478B (en
Inventor
Jonathan Charles Radford
John Carver
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to GB1014972.2A priority Critical patent/GB2483478B/en
Publication of GB201014972D0 publication Critical patent/GB201014972D0/en
Publication of GB2483478A publication Critical patent/GB2483478A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2483478B publication Critical patent/GB2483478B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/14—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with trucks, containers, or trays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/46—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with trucks, containers, or trays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Abstract

An apparatus for pyrolysing waste material comprises a reactor (1) for pyrolysing waste products, a plurality of containers (9) for the waste products, and means (3) for forming a stack (19) of the containers within the reactor and for moving the stack of containers through the reactor. Means (11, 29) are provided for adding a container (9) to a first end of the stack and for removing a container from a second end of the stack. Means (35) are provided for passing a hot non-oxidising gas, such as steam, through the containers within the reactor so as to pyrolyse the waste products in the containers, and means (45) are also provided for cooling gas exiting the reactor. The waste material may be tyres.

Description

APPARATUS FOR PYROLYSING WASTE MATERIALS
This invention relates to an apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials and, more particularly but not exclusively, for pyrolysing waste tyres.
The disposal of waste tyres is an ever-increasing problem. Former methods of disposal are becoming increasingly unavailable or unacceptable and there is, therefore, a need for alternative methods of disposal for used tyres.
It is known to dispose of used tyres by means of pyrolysis. Heating the tyres in the absence of oxygen forms charcoal, oil, scrap steel and gas. Most pyrolysis processes rely on applying heat to the outside of a sealed vessel containing the material to be pyrolysed. Existing vessels generally allow the gaseous products of pyrolysis to escape, but do not allow gas to enter. For products with poor conductive properties, such as tyres, this results in heating times which are protracted. The vessels need to be designed and operated to take account of the fact that the majority of the heat transfer is by conduction until red heat is achieved, at which point radiation becomes more important.
Jt is known from WO-A-001 1110 to pyrolyse waste tyres in a batch process in a reactor in which the material is heated by recirculating previously formed and heated pyrolysis gas through the waste material. GB-A-2387594 describes a similar batch process for pyrolysing waste tyres. A problem with such batch processes is the need to heat and cool the contents of the reactor in a cyclical process. Such heating and cooling is time-consuming and wasteful of energy.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for pyrolysing waste material, such as waste tyres, which overcomes, or at least ameliorates, the above problems.
According to the present invention there is provided an apparatus for pyrolysing waste material, the apparatus comprising: a reactor for pyrolysing waste products; a plurality of containers for the waste products; means for forming a stack of the containers within the reactor and for moving the stack of containers through the reactor; means for adding a container to a first end of the stack and means for removing a container from a second end of the stack; means for passing a hot non-oxidising gas through the containers within the reactor so as to pyrolyse the waste products in the containers; and means for cooling gas exiting the reactor.
The apparatus may also include means for recirculating a first part of the cooled gas to the reactor and a second part of the gas to a heater for heating the first pad of the gas.
The reactor may comprise an upright hollow cylindrical column. The means for adding a container to the first end of the stack may comprise an hydraulic ram extending into the reactor from the base thereof. The ram may be provided with a platform at an upper end thereof for supporting the stack of containers.
A first airlock may be provided adjacent a first end of the reactor and a second airlock may be provided adjacent a second end of the reactor. The first and second airlocks may be adapted to receive one of the containers.
At least part of each container, for example the base thereof, may be perforated to allow the flow of gas through the container and its contents.
The means for adding a container to one end of the stack may comprise a support movable by means of an hydraulic ram.
The means for removing a container from the second end of the stack may comprise an hydraulic ram.
The first airlock may be provided with an inlet and with an outlet for material for purging oxygen from the waste material and for pre-heating the waste material before it enters the reactor.
The second airlock may be provided with an inlet and with an outlet for material for purging gas from the pyrolysed waste material. The purging material leaving the outlet of the second airlock may be conducted to the inlet of the first airlock for purging and pre-heating the incoming waste material.
The external surfaces of the containers may be sealed to the internal surface of the reactor, for example by means of a plurality of annular seals. The annular seals may be attached to the internal surface of the reactor.
A retractable clamp may be provided within the reactor for supporting the container at the first end of the stackwhen the hydraulic ram is retracted to allow a further container to be introduced at the first end of the stack.
The first and second airlocks may be provided with opening and closing lids for transferring the containers between the airlocks. The first and second airlocks may be provided with opening and ciosing waiJs for allowing the containers to be moved between the airlocks and the reactor.
The reactor may be provided with an inlet at the upper end thereof for hot non-oxidising gas and with an outlet at the lower end thereof for gas which has passed downwardly through the reactor.
A cyclone may be provided for receiving gas exiting the lower end of the reactor for effecting a first stage of separating oil from the gas.
A first condenser may be provided for receiving gas exiting the cyclone.
Relatively hot gas entering the first condenser may be cooled by recycling a portion of relatively cool gas through the first condenser.
A second condenser may be provided for receiving gas exiting the first condenser. The second condenser may be provided with an inlet and with an outlet for cooling material, such as water.
Cooled gas leaving the second condenser may be split into first and second streams, pump means being provided to pump a first gas stream to a cooling gas inlet of the first condenser. The first condenser may be provided with an outlet connected to a heater where the first stream of gas is heated before passing into the reactor. Conduit means may be provided for conducting the second gas stream to a heater where it is burnt to heat the first gas stream before it passes into the reactor.
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into effect reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawing which is a diagrammatic representation of one embodiment of an apparatus according to the present invention for pyrolysing waste material.
The apparatus shown in Figure 1 comprises a reactor 1 in the form of an upright hollow cylindrical column having an hydraulic ram 3 extending into the reactor from the base thereof. The ram 3 is provided with a platform 5 at an upper end thereof for supporting the stack of containers.
A lower airlock 7 is provided adjacent a lower region of the reactor and is adapted to receive a container 9 filled with waste material, such as shredded used tyres. The bottom, at least, of the container is perforated to allow the flow of gas through the container and its contents. Means 11, for example in the form of a support movable by means of an hydraulic ram, is provided for moving the container laterally into the lower region of the reactor 1 and into a position above the ram 3 when a door 13 is open. The airlock 7 is provided with an inlet 15 and with an outlet 17 for steam which has the effects of purging oxygen from the waste material and of pre-heating the waste material before it enters the reactor 1.
The containers 9 form an upright stack 19 within the reactor 1 which is moved upwardly within the reactor until the lowermost container is above the level of the lower airlock 7 and the uppermost container is at the level of an upper airlock 21 The external surfaces of the containers 9 are sealed to the internal surface of the reactor I by means of a plurality of annular seals 23 mounted on the internal surface of the reactor. The seals cause hot non-oxidising (pyrolysis) gas flowing downwardly through the reactor 1 to flow through the column of containers 9 and their contents instead of flowing around the containers. The upper seals 23 are made of a heat-resistant material, such as metal, glass cloth or carbon fibre,, but lower seals may be made of less heat-resistant material if desired, such as nitrile rubber.
A retractable clamp 25 is provided within the reactor I for supporting the lowermost container 9 when the hydraulic ram 3 is retracted to allow a further container to be introduced at the bottom of the stack 19.
Means 27, such as a gantry, is provided for moving the uppermost container 9 laterally away from the stack 19 and an hydraulic ram 29 is provided to move the displaced uppermost container into the upper airlock 21. The upper airlock is provided with an inlet 31 and with an outlet 33 for steam which has the effects of purging pyrolysis gas from the pyrolysed waste material and of cooling the pyrolysed waste material before it leaves the airlock 21. The steam leaving the outlet 33 of the upper airlock 21 is conducted to the inlet 15 of the lower airlock 7 for purging and pre-heating the incoming waste material. As an alternative, water may be injected into inlet 31, the water being converted into steam in the upper airlock 21.
Once the container 9 and its contents have been cooled sufficiently, the container is removed from the upper airlock 21 by opening a lid of the airlock, lifting the container out and subsequently closing the lid, the pyrolysed waste material is removed for further processing, and the container is filled with fresh waste material and conveyed to the lower airlock 7 and is inserted into the lower airlock by opening the lid thereof, lowering the container into the airlock and closing the lid.
The reactor I is provided with an inlet 35 at the upper end thereof for hot pyrolysis gas and with an outlet 37 at the lower end thereof for pyrolysis gas which has passed downwardly through the reactor and now carries pyrolysis products of the waste material including, for example oil droplets. Pyrolysis gas exiting the lower end of the reactor passes to a cyclone 38 which carries out a first stage of separating oil from the pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis gas enters the cyclone 38 through an inlet 39 in an upper region of the cyclone, separated oil leaves the cyclone through an outlet 41 at the bottom of the cyclone for further processing and pyrolysis gas exits the cyclone through an outlet 43 in a lower region of the cyclone.
Pyrolysis gas exiting the cyclone 38 passes to an inlet 47 of a first condenser 45, while condensed oil leaves through an oil outlet 49 at the bottom of the condenser for further processing and pyrolysis gas leaves through an outlet 51 Condensation of the remaining pyrolysis products in the hot pyrolysis gas is effected by passing a portion of the cooled pyrolysis gas through the condenser as will be explained further hereinafter.
Pyrolysis gas exiting the outlet 51 of the first condenser 45 passes to an inlet 55 of a second condenser 53, while condensed oil leaves through an oil outlet 57 at the bottom of the condenser for further processing and pyrolysis gas leaves through an outlet 59 in a lower region of the condenser. The pyrolysis gas is cooled in the second condenser53 by means of waterwhich passes through the condenser from inlet 61 to outlet 63.
Cool pyrolysis gas leaving the second condenser 53 may be split into two streams 65, 67. First gas stream 65 is pumped to a cooling gas inlet 69 of the first condenser 45 by pump 71. Cooling gas leaving the first condenser 45 by way of gas outlet 73 may pass through a heater 75 where the pyrolysis gas is heated before passing into and downwardly through the reactor 1. Second gas stream 67 may pass directly to heater 75 where it is burnt in burner 77 to heat the first gas stream 65 before it passes into the reactor 1.

Claims (30)

  1. CLAIMS1. An apparatus for pyrolysing waste material, the apparatus comprising: a reactor for pyrolysing waste products; a plurality of containers for the waste products; means for forming a stack of the containers within the reactor and for moving the stack of containers through the reactor; means for adding a container to a first end of the stack and means for removing O a container from a second end of the stack; C) means for passing a hot non-oxidising gas through the containers within the reactor so as to pyrolyse the waste products in the containers; and means for cooling gas exiting the reactor.
  2. 2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, including means for recirculating a first part of the cooled gas to the reactor and a second part of the gas to a heater for heating the first part of the gas. -11 -
  3. 3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the reactor comprises an upright hollow cylindrical column.
  4. 4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the means for adding a container to the first end of the stack comprises an hydraulic ram extending into the reactor from the base thereof.
  5. 5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ram is provided with a platform at an upper end thereof for supporting the stack of containers.
  6. 6. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first airlock r is provided adjacent a first end of the reactor and a second airlock is provided O adjacent a second end of the reactor. C)
  7. 7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first and second airlocks are adapted to receive one of the containers.
  8. 8. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at least part of each container is perforated to allow the flow of gas through the container and its contents.
  9. 9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the base of each container is perforated to allow the flow of gas through the container and its contents.
  10. 10. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the means for adding a container to one end of the stack comprises a support movable by means of an hydraulic ram.
  11. 11. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the means for removing a container from the second end of the stack comprises an hydraulic ram.
  12. 12. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first airlock is provided with an inlet and with an outlet for material for purging oxygen from 1 the waste material and for pre-heating the waste material before it enters the r reactor. Co
    O
  13. 13. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the second airlock is provided with an inlet and with an outlet for material for purging gas from the pyrolysed waste material.
  14. 14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the purging material leaving the outlet of the second airlock is conducted to the inlet of the first airlock for purging and pre-heating the incoming waste materiai.
  15. 15. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the external surfaces of the containers are sealed to the internal surface of the reactor.
  16. 16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the external surfaces of the containers are sealed to the internal surface of the reactor by means of a plurality of annular seals.
  17. 17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the annular seals are attached to the internal surface of the reactor.
  18. 18. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein a retractable clamp is provided within the reactor for supporting the container at the first end of the stack when the hydraulic ram is retracted to allow a further container to be i--introduced at the first end of the stack. r Co
    0
  19. 19. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first and 0 second airlocks are provided with opening and closing lids for transferring the containers between the airlocks.
  20. 20. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the first and second airlocks are provided with opening and closing walls for allowing the containers to be moved between the airlocks and the reactor.
  21. 21. An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the reactor is provided with an inlet at the upper end thereof for hot non-oxidising gas and with an outlet at the lower end thereof for gas which has passed downwardly through the reactor.
    -14 -
  22. 22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein a cyclone is provided for receiving gas exiting the lower end of the reactor for effecting a first stage of separating oil from the gas.
  23. 23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 22, wherein a first condenser is provided for receiving gas exiting the cyclone.
  24. 24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein relatively hot gas entering the first condenser is cooled by recycling a portion of relatively cool gas through the first condenser. r
  25. 25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 23 or 24, wherein a second condenser O is provided for receiving gas exiting the first condenser. C)
  26. 26. An apparatus as claimed in claim 25, wherein the second condenser is provided with an inlet and with an outlet for cooling material.
  27. 27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 25 or 26, wherein cooled gas leaving the second condenser is split into first and second streams, pump means being provided to pump a first gas stream to a cooling gas iniet of the first condenser.
  28. 28. An apparatus as claimed in claim 27, wherein the first condenser is provided with an outlet connected to a heater where the first stream of gas is heated before passing into the reactor.
  29. 29. An apparatus as claimed in claim 28, wherein conduit means is provided for conducting the second gas stream to a heater where it is burnt to heat the first gas stream before it passes into the reactor.
  30. 30. An apparatus for pyrolysing waste material substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, the accompanying drawings. r Co C)
GB1014972.2A 2010-09-09 2010-09-09 Apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials Expired - Fee Related GB2483478B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1014972.2A GB2483478B (en) 2010-09-09 2010-09-09 Apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1014972.2A GB2483478B (en) 2010-09-09 2010-09-09 Apparatus for pyrolysing waste materials

Publications (3)

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GB201014972D0 GB201014972D0 (en) 2010-10-20
GB2483478A true GB2483478A (en) 2012-03-14
GB2483478B GB2483478B (en) 2015-06-24

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB213586A (en) * 1923-03-29 1924-11-20 Henri Dupuy Apparatus for the distillation of solid or liquid matters
US1586306A (en) * 1924-11-06 1926-05-25 Grondal Gustaf Tunnel oven
GB1338130A (en) * 1970-09-25 1973-11-21 Tech Et Dentreprises Generales Method of treating refuse and building blocks including treated refuse and apparatus for carrying out such method
JPS4933981A (en) * 1972-07-28 1974-03-28
WO1998014531A1 (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-04-09 Carbonium Corporation Scrap pyrolysis system and reactor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB213586A (en) * 1923-03-29 1924-11-20 Henri Dupuy Apparatus for the distillation of solid or liquid matters
US1586306A (en) * 1924-11-06 1926-05-25 Grondal Gustaf Tunnel oven
GB1338130A (en) * 1970-09-25 1973-11-21 Tech Et Dentreprises Generales Method of treating refuse and building blocks including treated refuse and apparatus for carrying out such method
JPS4933981A (en) * 1972-07-28 1974-03-28
WO1998014531A1 (en) * 1996-10-03 1998-04-09 Carbonium Corporation Scrap pyrolysis system and reactor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB201014972D0 (en) 2010-10-20
GB2483478B (en) 2015-06-24

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