US1438505A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

V. SJUSTRGM.

GAS BURNER- APPLICATION FILED JULYZ. 1921.

1,438,505, Patented Dec. 12, 1922.

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vro'ron szros rreoiu, or nos ANGELES, oenrronnra.

GAS BURNER.

Application filed July 2, 1921. Serial No. 482,220.

T 0 all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Jio'ron SJosTRoM, a subject of the King of Sweden, and a resident of Los Angeles, in the county of Los Angeles and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Gas Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates in general to gas burners, and more particularly to a construction and arrangement of a plurality of burner units.

The main object of my invention is to provide a gas burneadapted to promote the elficient combustion of a relatively great quantity of fuel within a given area for the purpose of creating and maintaining a high order of heat, and while it is an object of the invention to provide a burner applicable to practically all conditions where a concentrated high order of heat is advantageous, the invention is particularly applicable to gas radiator invented by me for which I have applied for Letters Patent, filed Nov. 19, 1918, Serial NO. 526L106.

It will be understood in the consideration of this invention; andv I have found it to be particularly true in the case of my radiator above mentioned; that most satisfactory and efficient radiation of heat is obtained by maintaining the radiating surfaces at a high temperature and preferably at such a temperature as render metal radiating walls practically incandescent.

It is well known that the elficiency of a radiator as such, is dependent not alone upon the complete combustion of the fuel used but also upon the ability of. the radiator to disseminate the heat to points remote from the radiator and it is therefore an object of the invention to promote the efiicient combustion of a relatively large amount of fuel in a given space so that the heat g enerated will be of a high order and will be distributed by the phenomenon of radiation rather than upon. convection and conduction by the air, so that the radiation of heat is accomplished without depending upon the surrounding air or air currents to act as conveyors of the heat.

To this end I have provided, and will. hereinafter describe a form of burner which includes mixing chamber for effecting the admixture of and air; and a plurality of sets of burner bodies, each of the burner bodies provlded with a multiplicity of,

burner orifices, each set so disposed relative to other sets that a greater number of orifices may be disposed over a given area than is possible by usual arrangements.

1 have provided burner bodies preferably cast integrally in sets and disposed radially about a central hollow coupling member whlch has its ends internally and externally threaded or otherwise formed to permit of assembling a plurality of sets together to form a burner in accordance with the purpose of the invention. The burner bodies of each set I dispose radially or in parallel arrangement according to the form of radiator in which the burners are to be used, and in either case the burner bodies of each set are spaced apart equidistant to permit of uninterrupted flow of secondary air to the burner orifices.

In assembling a plurality of sets in superposed arrangement the burner bodies; which are preferably elongated and of relatively small cross section; of each set are positioned intermediate of theburner bodies of adjacent sets. To be more specific; one such arrangement may comprise three sets of burner bodies and each set comprise four burner bodies radiallydisposed and spaced 90 degrees from each other. The three sets are assembled together intsuperposed relation, the second set being positioned so that each burner body thereof assumes an angle of degrees from the corresponding burner body of the underlying set, and the third set is similarly disposed relative to the second set with the result that the completely assembled burner inplan view appears as comprising twelve radially disposed burner bodies spaced 30 degrees apart.

The arrangement above described provides a greater number of burner orifices than would ordinarily be possible were all. orifices disposed on the same plane, and this increased number of orifices is obtained without in any way interfering with the flow of secondary air to the burner orifices;

in fact it is found that the heated air and products of combustion rising from each set of burner bodies supplies heated new air to the. burner orifices and also serves to heat the mixture within the burner bodies before it emanates from the orifices, resulting in, more rapid and complete combustion of the fuel; the advantages accruing from preheating of secondary air and the initial mixture being Well known.

The coupling members of a set ol burners are formed with hollow interiors with which all the interiors of the burner bodies of that set comnumicate so that when the sets are assembled a continuous passage is provided to supply mixture to all burner bodies. Con'mumicating with the burner bodies I have provided a n'lixing chamber into which gas is admitted through a orifice at requisite velocity to induce a flow of primary air which together with the gas forms the initial mixture as is common in practice. It is possible however without altering the arrangement of the burner bodies of the general construction thereof. to dispense with the induction. of primary air to the n'iixing chamber and to allow only pure gas to issue from the burner orifices in which case the entire air required to support the combustion of fuel is supplied to the flame exteriorally oi. the burner orifices; which method of promoting combustion is also common in practice.

I have illustrated in the accompanying drawings a preferred embodiment of my invention and a modification thereohshowing the adaptation of the same to a circular radiator and a irectangular radiator, the radiators to which they are shown applied being of the type set forth in the above mentioned patent applied for. In the drawings;

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the burner in the preferred embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a view in elevation and section of the circular radiator with the burner applied thereto, part of the wall of the radiator being shown broken away to reveal the burner and a portion of the wall or" the mixing chamber being broken away to more clearly illustrate the position of the gas orifice relative thereto.

Fig. 8 is a view in enlarged detail section of one of the integrally cast sets of burner bodies.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a modification oi the burner as particularly adapted for use in a radiator of rectangular cross section.

Fig. is a view in end elevation of such a radiator, showing the modified term of the burner applied thereto, part of? the wall oi. the radiator being broken away to reveal the burner.

6 is a view in front elevation of the radiator shown in Fig. 5, with a part of the wall brokeii away to reveal the burner which is viewed in vertical. cross section; and

Fig. 7 is a view in cross section enlarged oi the modified form of the burner.

Referring now more particularly to Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, 8 indicates an assembled burner comprising a plurality of radially disposed burner bodies 9, here shown asbeing twelve in number and spaced relative to each other at 30 degrees to form a substantially circular burner. The burner bodies are arri-mged in groups of sets superposed relative to each other, each set being here shown as comprising :tour burner bodies disposed at right angles to each other, and each. setbeing offset 80 degrees relative to the adjacent sets so that the twelve burner bodies are equally spaced radially around the center of the assembly. Each set of" four burner bodies is provided with a circular coupling member 10, cast integrally with the burner bodies and formed hollow to provide a mixture passage 11. The burner bodies are also hollow to provide burner chambers 12 all of which communicate with the mixture passage 11.

The coupling members are adapted to be secured to similar coupling members ot' adjacent sets and for this purpose are provided at their upper ends with external threads 13 positioned above a shoulder 14: of larger diameter and are further provided at the lower end with internal threads 15, concentric with which is formed a shoulder 16 of substantially the diameter of the shoulder 14. By means of the internal and external threads on each coupling member sets of the burner bodies are assembled together to provide the complete burner shown in Fig. 1, the shoulder 14 of one set abuting the shoulder 16 of an adjacent set to provide a gastight joint therebetween the mixture passage 11 of each set communicating with the mixture passage of adjacent sets to provide a continuous passage to supply mixture simultaneously to all burner chambers 12. The upper end of the coupling member of that set of burner bodies uppermost in the assembly is fitted with an internally threaded cap 17, to prevent escape of mixture from the mixture passage.

The burner bodies may be of any suitable cross section but are here shown as being of quadrilateral cross sectionhaving horizontally disposed top and bottom walls 18 and 19 respectively and parallel throughout their length and joined by upwardly converging sidewalls 20. An end wall 21 is provided to completely enclose the burner ch amber. The top wall of each burner body is provided. with a plurality of small burner orifices 22, conimiunicating with the burner chamber and adapted to convey mixture from the chamber to maintain a series of flame jets immediately above the burner body. The orifices 22, are arranged. lineally throughout the length of each burner body permitting of employing burnerbodies of narrow section.

The assembled burner isshown in Fig. 2 as applied to a circular radiator 23, which is described in the patent above mentioned and therefore need not be specifically described herein, and comprises essentially a radiating wall 2st enclosing a space 25, closed by a cover or hood 26, anda bottom wall 27. The burner is mounted in the center of this radiator and supported above the bottom wall by means of a hemi-spherical hollow member 28, open at the bottom and providing a mixing chamber 29, for the admixture of gas and air. The upper portion of the member is provided with an externally threaded coupling 30, formed integral therewith and adapted to be screwed into the coupling member of the lower set of burner bodies. hen the hemispherical member is secured to the bottom wall of the radiator by means of screws 31, the mixing chamber 29' is completely enclosed with the exception of air ports 32, provided in the bottom wall to admit atmospheric air. A gas conduit 38 dependst'rom the bottom wall and communicates with the mixing chamber by means 015 a gas orifice 34, located centrally of the mixing chamber and in alinement with the mixture passage ll.

To the gas conduit is attached a gas supply pipe 35, fitted with a valve 36 for regulating or closing oil the supply oi gas to the mixing chamber. The gas when admitted by the valve issues from the orifice 34- at high velocity, by virtue of its pressure and in doing soinduces a supply of primary air through the air ports, the motion of the gas and air entering the mixing chamber causing them to partially comin-gle therein. The inertia of the comingled gas and air carries the partial mixture into the mixture passage where it continues to comingle and becomes completely mixed before entering the burner chambers. The velocity of this mixture builds up apressure within the burner body causing it to issue steadily through the burner orifices- The induction of air and the admixture of gas and air common to gas burners.

The construction and arrangen'ient of the burner parts, however results in improved combustion and high local temperature above the burner and within the space enclosed by the radiator'and the subsequent operation of the burner after the admixture of gas and primary air is completed is as follows: Upon igniting the mixture issuing from the burner orifices the mixture burns and is supplied with secondary air entering the space enclosed by the radiator walls.

The spaces 37 provided between the burner bodies permit of the flow of additional air to the flame jets above the burner orifices. The air however in rising upward through these spaces is successively heated and when coming in proximity to the burner orifices in the upper sets of burners is well heated so that it more readily unites with the burning primary mixture to promote complete combustion thereof. This warm air together with the highly heated products of combustion in passing successive sets of burner bodies maintains these burner bodies at high temperature to preheat the primary mixture therein resulting in more complete and rapid combustion of the mixture as it issues from the orifices, it being well known that when a primary mixture of air and gas is preheated before ignition it burns rapidly and completely and the calorific value of the fuel raises the temperature of the products of combustion to a temperature equal to the temperature normally accruing from complete combustion plus the initial preheated temperature of the mixture with the result that a high order of heat is maintained. In addition to the increase of heat accruing for the reasons just described, it is obvious that, inasmuch as preheated mixtures and heated air unite readily in complete combustion the flames need be supplied-with only just sufficient air topromote complete combustion, with the result that it is not necessary to supply extraneous atmospheric air to the interior of the radiator which would tend to: dilute the products of combustion and reduce the temperature of the contents of the radiator. It will be understood that when gas and air are united at temperature approximating that of the atmosphere much additional air, not necessarily required to support complete combustion. must be admitted to'a radiator order to insure complete combustion of the fuel before it can escape from; the radiator.

Should any gas escape from the lower set of burner bodies it, is: obvious that it must pass through other flame zones of high tem perature and come in contact with highly heated air and will be thoroughly consumed passing the burner bodies, which by virtue at their arrangement act as batlles, are well agitated and thrown outward to impinge against the side walls of the radiator. The bafiie action of these burner bodies thereby heats the lower walls of the radiator to provide increased radiating capacity.

The high terminal temperature of the products of combustion together with the fact that an over supply of atmospheric air need not be resorted to in order to insure efficient combustion of the fuel results in the hood of the radiator taking on a high temperature sufficient to cause the heat to be radiated to remotepoints from the radiator without depending upon conduction of the heat by the surrounding air or the convection of heat by the medium of moving currents of air.

In the "form of the invention illustrated by Figs. 4: to 7 inclusive I employ a burner particularly adapted for use in a sectional type of radiator, in which burner the salient features of the burner heretofore described are maintained. The radiator shown is of the sectional type also fully described in the above mentioned patent and therefore need not be specifically described herein. In the "form of the burner applied thereto andillustrated particularly in Figs. 4 and 7 I employ a plurality of burner bodies, 38, 39. and 40, three in number placed one above another and all extending transversely across the interior of the radiator section 42. Each burner body is provided with a circular h0llow coupling member 43 formed integral therewith and providing a mixture passage 44 communicating with a burner chamber 45 formed in the burner body.

Two of the burner bodies 39 and 40, are here shown being cast integrally, the up per being centrally located in the radiator while the lower burner body 39, is offset relative thereto. The third and lowermost burner body is offset to the other side of the center of the radiator section so that in plan view the burner bodies are in parallel arrangement but disposed each at a differentelevation. A plurality of burner orifices 46 are provided in each burner body and the arrangement of the burner bodies provides a relatively large number of orifices in a limited area. A mixing chamber 47 is provided and supports the burner within the radiator, being provided with a hollow vertical coupling member 48 adapted to be secured to the coupling member ofan adjacent burner body. To admit gas to the mixing chamber a gas orifice is provided and is fed by a gas supply pipe 50, the incoming gas inducing a flow of air into the mixing chamber in the usual manner.

The operation of the form of burner just described is essentially the same as that of the burner previously described herein, the

air and products of combustion however follow a stepped path, and as in the preferred embodiment the arrangement of the burner bodies assures a supply of secondary air to all burner orifices.

It will readily appear that I may alter the construction shown within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of my invention.

lVhat I claim is:

1. A burner comprising a plurality of elongated burner bodies arranged in two or more sets, each set comprising a plurality of burner bodies radially disposed, each set being disposed at a diflerent elevation.

2. A burner comprising a plurality of elongated burner bodies arranged in two or more sets, each set comprising a plurality of burner bodies radially disposed, each set being disposed concentric with the other sets at different elevations.

3. A burner comprising aplurality of burner bodies arranged in sets disposed at different elevations, each set formed with a hollow coupling member communicating with the interior of the burner bodies, each coupling adapted to be secured to the'coupling member of an adjacent set of burner bodies.

4. A burner comprising a plurality of elongated burner bodies arranged in two or more sets, each set comprising a plurality of burner bodies radially disposed, a hollow coupling member located centrally of said burner bodies comprising a set, and means on each coupling member for securing it to the coupling member of adjacent sets.

vroToR sJosTRoi i.

Witnesses LUTHER L. MAoD,

IRENE BREEN.

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