US1436231A - Proofed fabric and process of making same - Google Patents

Description

G. BLENU.

PROOFED FABRIC AND PROCESS 0F MAKING SAME. APPLICATION FILED 1AN.24, I9I9. awww om. Io, 1922.

LQSS l Patented Nav. 2L 1922:.

PYROX YL /N AND MAG/vs/UM CHLOE/D AMMON/M HOSP/ MTE AND vumntoz 4 FABRIC /MPREGNATED wn-H' lPatented Nov. 2l i922.

,GUIDO BLENIO, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PROOFED FABRIC AND PROCESS F MAKING SAME.

Application led January 24, 1919, Serial No. 272,861.

To lll whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, GUIDO BLENIo, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at New York,in the county of New York and State '5 of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Proofed Fabrics and VProcesses of Making Same, of which the following is a specification.`

This invention relates to proofed'fabrics lo and processes of making same; and it comprises a fabric, such as canvas, linen` or the like,` containing ammonium phosphate orother fireproofig salt of like nature, and impregnated with pyroxylin or the like, ap-

plied in such manner as to waterproof the interior of the fabric as well as particles or crystals of the fireproolng salts therein, suchfabric also carrying coatings of pyroxy- 1in or the like applied as a plurality of coatings or layers, some of said layers containing lireproofing materials such as magnesium chlorid, boric acid (boracic acid), zinc chlorid, etc., the outer coating usually car- 'ng pigments, such outer coating being at.

26 tlmes of an ordinary spar varnish; and it further comprises a process of producing" materials of the character described wherein a suitable fabric is impregnated with a solution of ammonium hosphate, or otherminno eral fireprooing sa t, and is sharply dried,

is then impregnated thoroughly with py-` roxylin varnish or the like to seal the individualiibersand the individual particles of the ireproong salt in place against the M action of water or airand is finally coated with a plurality of layers of pyroxylin varnish, some of said layers containing a fireprofing material, such as'mag'nesium chlorid or boric acidand is finally given an external e0 coating advantageously containing a pigment of considerable color, the coating layer being of pyroxylin or of a suitable spar varnish, all as more fully hereinafter set forth and as claimed.

For many uses, such as aeroplane wings, automobile tops, etc., it is desirable to have a compound material comprisingV a fabric which shall be, as nearly as possible, weather and waterproofed and also fireproof. It'is 50 also desirable that the fabric so treated be as light as possible. It is one of the objects of the present invention to devise a method 0f producing such a material.

vegetable or animal materials,

-one of the best since Renewed October 10, 1922. Serial 160.593,662.

In the lireproofing of fabrics, whether of A it is in prac- 55 tlce necessary to use materials which will evolve vapors on -heating,these vapors being incombustible. The evolution of vapors absorbs heat while the vapors themselves seal the 'liber againstthe excess of air.` For this 30 1purpose very many mineral salts hafve been proposed, containing either. ammonia or Water of hydration and losing the ammonia or the water upon heating. orax, crystallized vsulfate of soda, alum, phosphate of5 ammonia, etc., have been proposed. Of these materials, ammonium phosphate is probably on heating it not only evolves ammonia but by its physical propertles, it operates, more or less, during decomposl'tlon to seal awaythe fibers from excess of air.; However, ammonium phosphate like practicallyall of the efficient salts proposed for reprooing is soluble in water and the materlal ireproofed is susceptible to the action of moisture. For weather and waterproofing fabrics Aitis customary to use one of the numerous `varnish preparations v,with a, base of pyroxylin, cellulose acetate, copals, etc., but al1 these varnishes without excep- 80 tion are combustible. In the present invention I take advantage of the properties of the two classes of proofing materials, using a ireproofng material incorporatedvinto a fabric and shielding and holding it in placey by relatively small amounts of waterprooflng material. To this end, I proceed with the application of these materials in a methodical manner. Y

I shall describe whatIregard as the best embodiment of my invention. I rst impregnate the fabric which is to form the basis of my new product with a solution vof a suitablev flreproofing salt. While I may use any one of numerous soluble salts containin water of hydration or ammonia, or both, I-regard ammonium phosphate as the best material for my purposes. The ammonium phosphate used'may be the commercial crystallized salt or it may be made by simply neutralizing phosphoric acid With ammonia. The method of preparation is not here importa-nt except that the preparation should be as nearly as possible neutral to litmus. A solution of about 8 to 10 B. 105

per cent strength is suitable for treating ordinary canvas. The fabric may be dipped' impregnating and drying the fabric I nextv impregnate 1t with a rather thin varnish solution. Various varnishes may be used for my purposes but I regard as the best adapted a "solution of ordinary pyroxylin in such a solvent as amyl acetate having about the consistency of a light syrup. The solution may be advantageously thinned down as usual' with acetic ether, benzol or the like. The fabric or cloth is thoroughly' impregnated with this solution. It may be rubbed in or the cloth may be worked after impregnation to assure that the varnish enters throughout the fabric. The object is to impregnate the individual fibers and also the particles or crystals of ammonium phosphate contained therein. After drying, the fabric is next given a plurality of coatings of pyroxylin varnish. One or morel or all of these coatings should contain chemicals adapted to render it slow burning or little inflammable. I consider magnesium chlorid as bein the best material for this purpose althoug boric acid, sometimes called boracic acid, is nearly as good. Any other more or less deliquescent hygroscopic salt or material soluble in alcoholic or other solutions ofv rox lin ma beemployed. In usin ma iisiug chloriyd I prefer to take thg Corilmercial article and dry it to free it of all sensible moisture. The dried magnesium chlorid is then immediately dissolved in alcohol. A proportion of about 1 part of magnesium chlorid to 4 parts of alcohol or cologne spirits works very4 Well. This alcohol solution of magnesium chlorid may be incorporated in a pyroxylin varnish, alcohol being miscible with most of the solvents used in these varni'shes. Boric acid if used may be employed in the same way and in about thesame proportions'. Three or four coats of this material may be applied to the fabric on each side, or on one side, as the case may be. The coatings may be applied with the brush or spray. I regard 2 or 3 coats as best although a sin le coating may, of course, be used. Fina ly I give an exterior coating of pyroxylin or spar varnish and in this exterior coating I advantageously incorporate a certain amount of pigment to give hardness and stiffness to the surface as well as, in most cases, color. This igmentis also useful in protecting the sur ace against the sun and against changes of temperature. A mixture of yellow ochre and small amounts of lamp black for the last coating is advantageous for the reason that I can secure the khaki color desired for aeroplane wings, wagon tops and the like and at the same time have a coating which is resistant to the action of the suns rays in that it will not crack on exposure to the sun.

In a desirable embodiment of my invention in lieu of using a special outer coatin of varnish or the like carryin pigment, I may simply mix pigment wit one of the described pyroxylin coatings carryin magnesium chlorid or the like. As regar s these outer coatings of my fabric much of course depends upon the use which is to be made of the fabric and as to the permissible limits of weight. In' the accompanying drawing I have shown more or less diagrammatically fabric such as above described with legends indicating the several materials.

' In this showing, element l is a central fabric layer impregnated with ammonium phosphate, oranother ireproofing salt, and also impregnated with a waterproofing varnish, such as pyroxylin. Element 2 is a coating layer of pyroxylin or the like carrying magnesium chlorid `or the like. Element 3 is another coating layer which may be of the same composition or may be of a pyroxylin varnish or the like while the outer layer 4 a vlayer of a suitable lvarnish such as spar varnish or pyrox lin varnish carrying pigment such as oc re, etc. It will be noted that in the drawing the central fabric layer has the described succession of varnish layers on both sides. For some purposes this succession of layers may occur only on one side; or there may be more succeive layers on one side than on the other; this is of course depending largely upon whether it isdesired to have the material of different thickness on the two sides. For aeroplane wings, for the last coat or top coat I sometimes use one or two coats of spar varnish or enamel paint. It is often advantageous to use as the last coat a coat of nitrate dope (pyroxylin varnish) mixed with a small amount of yellow ochre and enough lamp black to give this coat a khaki color. Where other colors are preferred, any other colored pigment may be used. Yellow ochre has the advantage of giving a good sun-resilsting color, protecting the various p rox in coatin a ainst 4actinic ra s. yWhzit I claim igsS:-g y

1. The process of proofing fabric which comprises impregnating said fabric with a water solution of a fireproofng salt, drying to remove the water, impregnating the fabric with a pyroxylin varnish composition and once more drying. ,i

2. The process of proofing fabric impregnating said fabric with a solution of amlli? monium phosphate, drying to remove the water from the ammonium phosphate, im-

sition and once more drying.

- with a layer of pyroxylin varnish containing miscible fireproofin material.

4. The process o proofing fabric which comprises impregnating a fabric with gam- .monium phosphate, drying, impregnating with pyroxylin varnish, dry1ng,'coating with pyroxylin varnish containing magnesium chlorid and finally supericially coating with pyroxylin varnish containing a pigment.

5. A proofed'fabric comprising a layer of fabric containing a i'reproofing salt and also containing an impregnating Waterproong varnish sealing the particles of salt in place in the fiber of said fabric, said fabric being also provided with a coating layer of yroxylin varnish containing a dissolved reproofing material.

6. A proofed fabric comprising a layer of fabric containing dried freprooiing salt and also'containing an impregnating vf'ater'- proofing varnish sealing the particles of salt in place in the iber'of said fabric, said fabric being also provided with a coating layer of pyroxylin varnish containing a dissolved reproofing material and an outer layer of pyroxylinl varnish carrying pigment.

7. A proofed fabric comprising a layer of fabric containing a reproofing salt and also containing an lmpregnating Waterproofing varnish sealing the particles of salt in place in the fiber of said fabric, said fabric being also provided with a coatin also ofpyroxy- 1in varnish" containing ye low ochre and lamp black.-

8. A proofed fabric comprising a layer of fabric containing dried particles ofA ammonium phosphate and also containing an impregnating Waterproofing varnish sealing the particles of ammonium phosphate in place in the fiber of said fabric, said fabric being also provided With a coating layer of pyroxylin varnish containing a dissolved tireproong material.

9. A of textile fabric impregnated with ammonium phosphate and also impregnated with p'yrcxylin varnish, the said fabric also carrying an outer lm layer of pyroxylin containing a miscible fireproong body.

In testimony whereof, 1 aix my signature hereto.

GUIDO BLENIO.

roofed fabric comprising a layer

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