US1435855A - Lock - Google Patents

Description

G. S. RIKAMPMANN.

LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12, 1920.

1 4235 8550 Patentefl Nov. M, 119222.

2 SHEETSSHEET l- 1510? 2'07 Gail W; Wam mmm G. S. R. KAIVIPMANN.

LOCK.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 12, 1920.

J1 4l35,855 Patented Nov. M, 11922.

2 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

Patented Nova 14, ll922.

UNETED ES GERHARDT SIGVERT REHLIIQG KAIVI PMANN, OF TEGAL, JAVA, DUTCH EAST INDIES, AS$IGNOR TO NAAIVIIJOOZE VENNUGTSCI-IAP HANDEL-IVLAATSCHAPPIJ PLANEET, 0F TEGAL, JAVA, DUTCH IHDIES, A. COILVL'PANY OF THE NETHERLANDS.

LOCK;

Application filed- May 12,

To ail 10. mm it may concern Be it known that I; GERHARDT Siovnn'r itnnnwo KAMPMANN, civil engineer, a subject of the King of Denmark, residing at Tegal, Java, Dutch East Indies, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in a Lock, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to a lock which when being locked by any out of a number of diii'erentkeys is adjusted in such a way that after being locked it can only be opened by the same key.

For this purpose I use two sets of plates or fiat levers cooperating in pairs in such a manner that each plate in a pair can rotate about a fixed pin, one of the mating plates being provided with pin and. the other with a groove into which said pin projects, the .id groove being so formed that when one plate moved in the one direction, the mating plate moves in the opposite sense so that the sum of the distances from the axis of rotation of the key to those points of the two p ates which are nearest to said axis is either constant for all pairs of plates or variable in such a manner that the same variation 01' this sum in one pair of plates also occurs in all other pairs when the same key is used. in other words. that this sum in all pairs of plates is the same variable amount preferably so that the relation. between the distance from one of the plates of a pair of plates to the axis of the key on the one side, and the corresponding distance from the other plate of said pair of plates to the said axis on the other side may be represented by a simple mathematical formula.

l'l lien the lock is closed, the first set ot plates is adjusted by the key. and this set in its turn moves lever to release the bolt, ater which the key moves the bolt into locking position. Subsequently a spring moves the lever back into the position in which it looks the bolt, whereby also the first set of plates resumes its initial position. W hen the rotary movement of the key is continued, the second set of plates is adjusted. This set remains in its adjusted position, and its plates are so formed that their 1920. Serial No. 380,834.

adjustment can not be affected by the key when turned in the opposite direction.

Any key out of the series of keys belong.- ing to the lock has a number of teeth which exceeds the number of plates in the second set by one. This last tooth has the same length in all keys and serves to actuate the bolt, the other teeth being arranged in pairs in such a manner that in a given pair in the series of keys the sum oi? the lengths of the teeth measured from the axis of the key is either constant and equal to the aforesaid constant for the sets of plates, or variable in accordance with the same formula that applies to the plates.

When after the lock has been. locked, the same key is inserted and turned in the direction for opening the lock, it will move past the plates of the second set. as these are still adjusted to suit this particular key, whereupon it reaches and moves the first set of plates whereby the lever is moved backwards tar enough to release the bolt, and finally it moves the bolt back into opening position, after which the lever is returned by the spring into its initial position, thereby forcing the plates of the first set back into their original positions and locking the bolt.

In however, after the lock has been closed by one key, another key of the set is inserted into the keyhole and turnech then, as of each pair of teeth of this key one is longer and one is shorter than those of the first key, one tooth of each pair of teeth will be too long to move past the second set of plates. s that this key cannot be used for opening the lock.

If I use a key which does not belong to he series and which is adapted to move past he second set of plates, then all teeth of this key are obviously shorter than the corresponding teeth of the first key, i. e. in each pair the sum of the lengths of the teeth is smaller than the corresponding sum in the keys belonging to the series. When, therefore, this key is turned until it reaches the first set oi? plates, the latter are adjusted for a smaller constant or variable than the one it was madefor. In that case the lever will not move far enough to release the bolt, and the key will consequently be unable to move the bolt into unlocking position.

The lock may be made for use on boxes, drawers, cupboards, or as a padlock.

All locks of a particular type may be identical, and keys and locks may be sold separately. Buying a new lock, therefore, does not necessitate the buying of a new key, and vice versa.

Other advantages of the new lock are:

1st. For the opening and the closing of all looks in a house only one key is re quired, which every time a lock is -to be opened saves the time and the trouble of looking up the right key.

2nd. When for some reason it is desirable to distinguish certain locks in a house from the other locks, all that is required is closthem with a different key.

3rd. In case of doubt whether an unauthorized person is in possession of a key adapted to open the locks, all that is necessary is closing all looks by another key of the set. No new locks are required.

4th. Simplification in the manufacture, as it is no longer required to fit the keys for each lock separately.

The accompanying drawings illustratea drawer lock in accordance with the invention wherein the aforesaid sum of distances and lengthsrespectively is constant.

'Fig. 1 is a front view of the lock.

Fig. 2 is a side View of the lock.

Fig. 8 shows the same view as Fig. 1 with the front cover plate removed.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the lock.

Figs 5 and 6 are a front View and a side view respectively of the bolt.

Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are views of plates 11, 13 and 15.

Figs. 10 and 11 are views of plates 18 and 20.

Fig. 12 shows the same view as Fig. 3 on an enlarged scale, in closing position, the

rotatable plates being adjusted for one par-' ticular key.

Fig. 18 is a viewof the key for which the lock shown in Fig. 12 is adjusted.

Fig. 141- is a diagram of the lengths of the teethin case the sum of the distances above referred to is constant.

Fig. 15 is a diagram of the lengths of the teeth in case the relation between the lengths of the teeth of a pair of teeth may be represented by a linear formula.

The bolt 1 (Figs. 5 and 6) as in other known locks, is actuated by the extreme tooth of the key. For the lock shown in the drawings, the keys must have four other teeth besides the said extreme tooth. l-lowever, the lock may be constructed for any mimber of pairs of teeth in addition to the entreme tooth for actuating the bolt.

Bolt 1 has a slot 2 thru which projects a pin 3 on the rear plate 3 for limiting Facing bolt 1 is plate 11 (Fig. 7) which is rotatable about pin 6 and which is provided near its top with a bilaterally projecting pin 12. The thickness of said plate 11 is twice that of plates 13, 15, 18 and 20.

Pin 12 engages the lower part of recess 4 of the bolt 1. By means of a spring blade which is secured to pin 5, and which with one end bears against the casing and with the other against plate 11, the latter is pressed to the left so that pin 12 tends to lock the bolt in itsopening or closing position.

Facing plate 11 is a second plate 13 (Fig. 8) which is rotatable about pin 12 of plate 11 and provided with a laterally projecting pin 14. Facing plate 13 is a third plate 15 (Fig. 9) which is rotatable about pin 6 and which has a slot 16 for receiving pin 14 of plate 13.

The shapes of the said plates, the location of the pins and the form of grooves 16 are such that if any one of the series of keys (which all have, in addition to the extreme tooth for actuating thebolt, two pairs of teeth in each of which the sum of the lengths of the teeth is constant) is turned in a counterclockwise direction, plates 13 and 15 are adjusted in such a manner that they move plate 11 thru a suli'icient distance to the right to allow bolt 1 to move up or out, after which the extreme tooth, which has the same length in all keys, moves the bolt up or out. A projection 17 of the bolt thereby comes close enough to the keyhole to prevent a key placed in the keyhole from being turned in a counterclockwise direction. When the key is now turned further, the spring presses plate 11 again to the left and plates 13 and 15 are returned into their original positions. 2

When the key is nowturned in a clockwise direction, it adjusts plates 18 and 15 in the same manner, whereby plate 11 is moved to the right against the action of the spring, and the bolt is first released and subsequently moved downward. Apparently, if

no other provision were made, any other key of the set, which all have teeth made in accordance with the rule explained above, would be adapted to open the look as well, for they all would move plate 11 far enough to right to release the bolt.

In order now that the lock may only be opened by the particular key by which it has previously been closed, a second set of plates is provided at the left hand side of the key hole, said second set being adjusted, when the lock is being closed, in the same manner as the first set, after which, however, it remains through -frictional engagement with said first set in its adjusted position.

Plate 18 (Fig. 10) which is rotatable about pin '7 on the rear plate and provided with a pin 19, faces filler plate Facing plate 18 is a second plate 20 (Fig. 11), whicl is rotatable about pin 8 of the rear plate and provided with a slot 21 into which projects pin 19 ot plate 18; Facing plate 20 is a third plate similar to plate 18, and facing this third plate is a fourth plate similar to plate 20, said third and fourth plates being rotatable about pins 7 and 8 respectively.

The relative positions of pins 7 and 8, of pins 19 and slots 21 are such that the distance from plates 18 to the axis of the key increases by the same amount by which the distance from plates 20 to the said axis de creases, and vice versa. Therefore, when one of the keys of the series glides along these plates, the two long teeth adjust two of the plates, whereby the other two plates are automatically adjusted to suit the two short teeth. it being understood that, once adjusted, the four plates remain through their interfrictional engagement in these positions. If new the same key is inserted into the lock and turned in the opposite direction, its four teeth move past and glide along the plates 18 and 20 so that the lock can be opened.

In any of the other keys of the series, two of the teeth are longer and two are shorter than those of the first key. The short teeth of course can move past the plates of the second set, but the two long teeth cannot. Further, the plates 18 and 20 are so formed with hooks that their adjust ment cannot be affected by a key turning in the direction for opening the lock and that such a key is positively arrested.

lf a key of an arbitrary form is used. but one which, when turned in a clockwise direction, does not engage any of the plates 18, 20, the sum of the lengths of the long teeth, in pairs, is smaller than that in the keys belonging to the series, the result being that such a key, after having moved past plates 18 and 20, cannot, when moving the set of plates at the right hand side to the right, move plate 11 far enough to release the bolt. Such a key, therefore, cannot be used for opening the look.

It will now be understood that the adj ustment of the lock for a given key can only be effected during the closing of the lock and that the lock, once adjusted, can only be opened by the same key by which it was previously closed.

.ln the example shown in the drawings, the plates of the second set are heldin adjustment by friction, this friction being such that the adjustment cannot be interfered with by shocks or vibrations.

In a certain number of locks we may place plate 11 in front of plates 13 and15', instead of at the rear side, which would render it more difficult to fraudulently make a fitting key.

Fig. 14 shows a diagram from which it will be understood'how, when the sum of the aforesaid lengths constant and equal to the distance 2326, 29-31 or 2 1 25, these lengths themselves are variable so that. for example, in three different keys the length of the one tooth may be equal to 232T, 2980 and 2 l28 respectively, that of the mating tooth equal to 2726,- 30-'3l and 28 -25 respectively.

Fig. 15 shows a similar diagran'i for the case wherein the sum of the lengths referred to varies in accordance with a linear formula. In this figure, 3236, 3839 and 3837 respectively is the length of the one-tooth in three different keys 3635, 39 40 and 3734- respectively that of the mating tooth. It is clear that this diagram refers to only one of an unlimited number of embodiments of the invention.

When constructing the lock, the location of the pins and the form of the slots int 116 plates should be so chosen, that for all pairs of plates the adjustment for any position corresponds to a point of the particular diagram to which the lock is to be made.

What I claim is 1. A lock having a locking bolt control, key-actuatedmeans independent of the locking bolt control, said means being set in a predetermined position. by direct contact from any one of a series of different keys in locking-bolt operation in one direction, the said means-when set by one key preventing use of any other key of the series for reverse locking bolt operation.

2. A look having a locking bolt control, adapted for operation by any one of a series of differently-constructed keys, and key lockout means set by direct contact of the key of such series: used to actuate the bolt control in one direction, said means when set preventing actuation of such bolt control by any other key of the series.

3. A look having a locking bolt, a key operated control therefor, and relatively-movable plates arranged to be set by 'direct contact of a key. in locking operation to prevent through the set of the plates the use of any other key for the unlocking operation.

4-. A lock including a bolt, akey operated control therefor responsive to any oneof a series of keys, and key lock-out plates set in correspondence with the formation of and by direct contactof a key of the series in the locking operation, the set of the plates prohibiting an unlocking operation by any other keysof the series.

5. A lock including a bolt, a key operated control therefor, and means set by the move ment of and thru direct contact of the key following actuation of the bolt whereby to prevent use of any other key.

6. A lock including locking bolt control, a key lock-out independent of said control adapted to be set by and thru direct contact of the particular key of aseries used to prevent the successive use of any other key of the series.

7. A look including locking bolt control adapted to be set by and thru direct conseries of differently constructed keys, a

I pivoted key lock-out independent of said control to be'actuated and set thru direct contact of and in accordance with the key of such series of keys used to project the locking bolt, said lock-out preventing successive use of any other key of the series to withdraw the locking bolt.

8. A lock having a locking member adapted to be operated by any one of a' series of differently constructed keys, tumbler mechanism therefor, a key lock-out means wholly independent of the tumbler mechanism and adapted to be set thru direct contact of any one key of such series after projecting the locking member of the lock, to prevent the use of any other key of the series for withdrawing said locking'member.

9. A look havin a locking bolt, a tumbler mechanism there or, and a key lock-out adapted to be set thru direct contact of any one key of a series of keys, of which all are capable of actuating the tumbler mechanism and bolt, the set of the look-out preventing the immediately subsequent use of any other key of the series. 10. A look including a bolt, means for locking the bolt against operation, said looking means and bolt being responsive to any one of a series of keys, and means wholly independent of the bolt and operated in a locking operation of one key to prevent an unlocking operation by any other key of the series.

'11. A lock having means directly operated in and by the setting action of any of a series of different keys in and entirely subsequent to lock operation in one direction, said means prohibiting the use of any key of the series for reverse locking action other than that used for setting such means.

12. A look having a locking bolt control, adapted for operation by any one of a series of differently-constructed keys, and key lock means set by direct contact of the key of such series used to actuate the bolt control in one direction, said means when set preventing actuation of such bolt control by any other key ofthe series.

13. A lock having a locking bolt, a key operated control therefor, and relativelymovable plates arranged to be set by direct contact of a key in looking operation to prevent thru the set of plates the use of any other key for the unlocking operation.

14. A look including a bolt, a key operated control therefor responsive to any one of a series of keys, and key-lock out plates set in correspondence with the formation of and by direct contact of a key of the series in the locking operation, the set of the plates prohibiting an unlocking operation by any other key of the series.

15. A look including a bolt, a key operated control therefor, and means set by the movement of and through direct contact of the key following actuation of the bolt whereby to prevent use of any other key.

16. A look having a locking bolt, a looking means therefor, and a key lock-out adapted to be set through direct contact of any one key of a series of keys, of which all are capable of actuating the locking means and bolt, the set of the look-out preventing the immediately subsequent use of any other key of the series.

17. A lock including a bolt, means for locking the bolt against operation, said looking means and bolt being responsive to any one of a series of keys, and means wholly inclependent of the bolt and operated in a locking operation of one key to prevent an un locking operation by any other key of the series.

18. A look, a locking bolt control keyactuated means cooperating in pairs and independent of the locking-bolt control, said means being set in a predetermined position by contact from any one of a series of different keys in locking-bolt operation in one direction, the said means when set by one key preventing use of any other key of the series for reverse locking-bolt operation.

19. A lock having aseries of plates connected for operation in pairs, adapted to be set in a predetermined position by contact from a series of different keys in lookingbolt operation in one direction, the operation of one plate in a pair being relative to the other plate of the pair, so that the sum of the distances of the plates of each pair from the axis of the key-hole will be equal for all pairs, the said plates when set by one'key preventing use of any other key of the series for reverse locking-bolt operation.

20. A look having a series of similar alternate plates pivoted at one point and a series of similar intermediate plates pivoted at another point, each intermediate plate having a sliding connection with an adjacent alternate plate forming pairs for cooperation, said pairs being adapted to be set in a predetermined position by one of a series of different keys in locking-bolt operation in one direction, and when set by one key preventing the use of any other key of the series for reverse locking-bolt operation.

21. A look having a series of alternate plates pivoted at one point and a series of intermediate plates pivoted at another point, each intermediate plate having a sliding connection with an adjacent alternate plate forming pairs for operation, so that the sum of the distances from the axis of the key-hole to the plates of each pair are equal for all the pairs the plates being adapted to be set in a predetermined position by one of a series of different keys in locking-bolt operation in one direction, and when set by one key preventing the use of any other key of the series for reverse locking-bolt operation.

22. A lock including a bolt, a key-operated control therefor, a series of plates operating in pairs independent of the bolt operation and adapted to be set in a predetermined position by any one of a series of keys in locking operation, the sum of the distances of each plate of a pair from the axis of the key hole being equal for all pairs, the pairs of plates preventing the unlocking operation by any other key or the series.

23. A lock having means responsive to the setting action oi any of a series of different keys in lock operation in one direction, said means prohibiting the use of any key of the series for reverse locking action other than the key used for setting such means.

A lock a locking bolt control key-actuated means independent of the locking bolt control,said means being set in a predetermined position by any one of a series of different keys in locking-bolt operation in one direction, the said means when set by one key preventing use of any other key of the series for reverse locking bolt operation.

In testimony whereof I aliix my signature.

GERHARDT SlGVERT REHLING liAP/lPll/IANN.

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