US1412109A - Hinge - Google Patents

Description

Fig.1.

W. L. EVANS, In.

HINGE. APPLICATION FILED 0Ec.;2,1919.

Patented Apr. 11, 1922.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WITNESSES WLEwm r INVEN OR A'rroBNE w. L. EV

HIN APPLlCATION FILED DEC.22, 1919- v PatentedA r. 11, 1922,

' 4 SHEETS-SHEE WLE vans jr; ENTQR ATTORN EY WILLIAM LEWIS Evans, an, orwnsnmeron, INDIANA} V HINGE.

Application filed-December 22;, 1919.

This invention relates to a hinge of the multiple lever type, designed particularly foruse on the doors of water closets, clot-hes closets, screen partitions, wardrobes, garages, coal chutes, wall bed-closets, for exterior and communicating doors, and various other structures such as attic windows, ventilators, etc., for causing the .doors or sashes to vanish within the stall frames, rooms, or compartments when opened.

The invention is an improvement on the construction shown, described: and claimed inmg. Patent Number 1,367,954, dated Feb. 8, i921.

. The object of the invention is to provide a hinge for the doors, sashes, or other movable parts of the structures named, which when the door, etc. vanishes within the compartment, is caused to'lie along the side of the iompartnient. thereby economizing space,

and enabling the use of a shorter rompartment,than if the door, etc., were arranged to swing in on ordinary hinges.

rljfurther object of the invention is .to provide a hinge for the doors, sashes, or other movable parts of such structures, which is more easily and conveniently operated than the ordinary door or sash hung to swing inwardly, it being possible by the present invention for theoperator to stand near to the entrance and close the door or sash, and not have to step or move out of the way, as the door or sash closes by moving around him.

A further object is to provide a hinge which will prevent the door or sash' from sagging, will work noiselessly and with little effort, and will not permit the slamming" of the door or sash, and which will cause the dooror sash to stay open or remain closed, or partially so, making it unnecessary to provide any means for maintaining the door in any set position. V

In the aforesaid patent, I have disclosed hinge for connecting a movable member, such as a door, to stationary member, such as a booth or ether compartment, said hinge comprising two pa rs of arms, each pair be ing located, respectively, at the top and bot- Specific'ation of Letters Patent.

plates.

Serial No. 346,455. I P c Patented Apt-. 11, 1-922.

tom of thedoor, thepair at the top being pivoted to the inside-face of the doorand to the top of the compartment, andithe pair at the bottor the inside face of the door and the bottom of the compartment. The

pivots of the arms onthe [door and onthe compartment are spaced apart, with the space between the pivotson the doorv greater than the space between vthe pivots on the compai tment, the pivotsfln the door being arranged on opposite sides of the vertical center of the: door, but. nearer to said center than to the side'edges of said door. The pivots on the compartment are located, respectively, on. the floor and ceiling of the compartment, on a line substantially at right angles to the entrance to the compartment, and at different distances from said entrance. Moreover, each of the pivots on the door and compartment,are made of separate In the present construction, I prefer to combinethe pivots for each pair of arms in a single plate fastened respectively to the door and compartment,and I have 10- cated both pivots on the door. at one side of the vertical center of ,the door, and I have placed the pivots on the compartment preferably at the jamb, instead of at the floor and ceiling, thereby giving a clear space to enter'the compartment with no part of the hinge standing in'the way to step on ortrip the occupant going to or from the compartment. In addition,-I have'made the arms of difl'erentlengths and arranged them in different horizontal planes.

The invention will be .best understood froma consideration of the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming'part of thisspecification, with the understanding,

howeventhat the invention is not confined v to any strict conformity with the showing of the drawings, but maybe changed and modified, so long. as such changes and modifications markno material departure from the salient features of the invention as ex pressed in the, zip ended claims. 7 In the drawings Figure '1 is a front view of a pair of water" closet stalls showing the invention applied 2 to the doors thereof, one of which is illustrated in the open position, and the other in the closed position;

Figure 2 is a top planview showing the same positions'of thedoors;

Figure 3 is a horizontal section on. an enlarged scale illustrating in full lines the closed positions of the door, and in dotted lines the open position thereof;

Figure 4: is a partial elevation looking toward the door jamb, showing the door closed;

Figure 5 is a detail perspective view of a plate or socket member mounted on the door jamb;

Figure 6 is a front view of a ventilated closet showing the hinge applied thereto with the door closed;

Figure 7 is a horizontal section of the same showing the door open;

Figure 8 is a horizontal section on an enlarged scale, of a ventilated closet, showing in full lines the door closed and in dotted lings the door open; I

Figure 9 1s a vertlcal transverse section of the same, also on an enlarged scale, looking toward the door jamb;

Figure 10 is a detail prespective view of the door plate or socket member to which the arms are pivoted;

Figure 11 is a detail perspective view showing the pair of hinge arms of different lengths;

Figure 12 is an elevation of a door showing two hinges applied thereto, one at the top and bottom;

Figure 13 is a detail perspective view of the type of socket or floor plate shown in Figure 12; V

Figure 14 is a detail sectional view showing a different form or socket plate for hinging the arms to the jamb;

Figure 15 is a detail perspective view of the type of socket plate shown in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is a horizontal section on an enlarged scale, showing the door closed in full lines and the progressive movements of the door to its open position, the construction shown being that illustrated in Figure 12;

- Figure 17 is a front elevation of a pair of exterior doors showing the hinges applied to the outside thereof;

Figure 18 is a horizontal section on an enlarged scale of the construction shown in Figure 17, showing the door closed in full lines and open in dotted lines, the door plate and iamh plate being of a special construction;

Figure 19- is a side elevation showing a pair of arms mounted in connection with the door and iamb plates, which are of the construction shown in Figure 18;

Figure 20 is a front elevation of the jamb plate shown in Figure 19.

Like reference characters indicate corresponding parts on the several figures of the drawing In Figures 1 to 5, inclusive, the improved hinge is shown in connection with a water closet stall, or similar compartment in which 1, 1, designate the side walls or members of the stall having the usual door 2. It is customary in hanging water closet doors to set them up from the floor and down from the top of the opening, and I have followed this plan in illustrating the application of my, invention. Figure 1 shows the two doors, the one at the left being closed and the one at the right open. Figure 2 illustrates the same thing in plan view. In this adaptation of the invention, two hinges are all that are necessary, one at the top and the other at the bottom. As the hinges are duplicates of each other, a description of one will suffice for a full understanding of the other.

Fastened to the part which might be termed the door jamb, designated 3, is a hinge element, jamb plate or socket member 1?, preferably of the specific form shown in Figure 5. As distinguished from the construction shown in the aforesaid patent, this jamb plate orsocket member is preferably made in one piece. and contains a pair of sockets 5, which extend from the top downwardly partway through the plate, as indicated in dotted lines, Figure 4. In this con struction, the jamb plate or socket member is shown as fitting snugly in the corner formed by the jamb and the mullion designated 6, and is retained rigidly against the jamh by the provision of a bolt and nut 7, the bolt being passed through the hole 8 of the iamb plate or socket member, (Figure A transverse web 9 connects the two sockets at the bottom, and is provided with holes 10, which are used in fastening the jainb plate to the floor whenever the occasion demands. In other words, the jamb plate 4. shown in Figures 3, c and 5. may either be fastened directly to the jamb by the bolt 7, or fastened to the floor by bolts or screws entering the openings 10. In either case. however, the amb plate or socket member will be located substantially in the position shown in Figure 3; that is to say. it will be close to or against the jamb of the door. a i

It will be observed that by the arrangement shown in Figure 3, the two sockets 5 are spaced at different distances from the entrance to the stall or compartment, and are located in line with each other at one side of said entrance, but are in the same horizontal plane.

Mounted on the inside face of the door, at the top and bottom, are socket members or door plates 11. piece, and this is the preferred construction. They are each provided with a pair of spaced openings or sockets 12 extending upwardly from the bottom nearly to the top, as indicated in dotted lines, Figure 4. One of the door plates or socket members is Each is made of one 7 thereof, as shown in Figure 2. Each socket member or doorplate is secured to the door by screws or bolts.

l3, l3, designate the ndividual members of a pair 01" hinge arms, one pair at the top and one at the bottom. 'As shown in Figure 11, they have downturned terminals Hand upturned terminals 15, which should be con structed exactly vertical, so as to fit loosely and turn in the sockets 12 of the door plates andthe sockets 5 of the jamb plates. These arms are of different lengths and work in different horizontal planes. It will be observed from Figure 11, that the inner arm 13 (the one nearer the door when in closed position) has short :downturned terminal let. and a longer upturnedterminal 15, while the outer arm 13 has adownturned terminal Li longer than tie corresponding part of the member 13, andan upturned terminal 15 shorter than the corresponding part of arm 13. This construction of the arms is made necessary in orderto prevent the elements from interfering with each other when opening and closing the door. 'This is an important difference over the constructionshown in the aforesaid patent, wherein the arms are shown asof the same length.

In the atoresaid'pateut, the door plates or socket members are disclosed as arranged at opposite sides of the vertical center of the door, whereas, in the construction shown herein, the socket members are combined in one plate which is disposed at one side of the vertical center of the door. Moreover, in the present invention the space between the sockets or pivots on the dooris preferably less than the space betweenthe sockets or pivots, on the door amb.

lVith the construction shown the pivots on the stationary member are not located on the floor and ceiling, as in my former application, but they are fastened to the door jamb,

respectively above thefloor and below the ceiling. In other words, I have removed all the plates and arms from thefloor, giving a clear space to enter the stall or comparte ment, and leaving no part of the hinge in the way to step on or trip the occupant going to and from the stall.

Also, by fastening the hinge to thejamb, the door can be set any height from the floor. or. down any distance "from the top or" the opening. In opening the door. the operator does not have to step out of the way of the door, to pull it open. for when the door pulled toward the operator, it moves from him at the same time. e r

The operation is very clearly illustrated in Figure 3 of the drawings, wherein the door is shown in full lines in its closed position and in dotted lines in'its open posi- Figures 12 and l6.

tion- It will be noted that when thed'oor 1 is closed, the innerarm 13 issubstantially parallel with the door and the outer arm l3t-is at an angle thereto- At no-period of the movement oat-the, arms do they ever assumea parallel position. Inthe open position, the greater'porti'on offthe' door vanishes within the stall, onlythe end of.

the door projecting beyond the stall entrance. In actual operation, the', door moves inwardly twicethe length of .theylongarm.

Hence the extent to which the door vanishes within the stall can be regulated by increasing or. decreasing the length of the, arms. I r I is shown applied to a closet doorhaving a vent space at the bottom, and-Thave indicated in Figure 9 by arrowsghow the air enters the closet for ventilation purposes.

7 I In Figures 6 tot), inclusive,the invention Precisely the same constructions or" door plates, jamb plates andhinge armsas al ready 7 described, are used in this adaptation of invention, the only difference being that'the 311mb plates are secured to the floor and ceiling,'re'spec tively, but close to and againstlthe jamb, as shown in Figures 8' and 9 of the" drawings. However, thel jamb plates can be setup from the floor, if desired, and the-specialconstruction10f jamb plates provides for this, as previously 'described. i The operation of the hinge having already been described, it is deemed unnecessary to say anything further 'on this subject with respect to Figures 6 to 9 inclusive.

Figures 12 to 16, inclusive, show further modifications of the invention. In Figure 12, I have illustrated the same constructiono'f hinge as previously described, applied to a door, with thepivots onthe compartment applied to the floor. -Figure 16 illustrates in dotted and full lines, the closed and open positions of the door. as well as an intermediate position,,it being noted in this connection that the inner arm 13- is parallel withfthe door. when the latter is closed, and that the two arms atnoperiod of their movement assume an exactly'parallel position. In these figures, I have shown the socketrnembers 4f fOTHlGClOf separate plates substantially like those disclosed in my afore-' said patent, but said membersare located close to the :jamb and in this respect difi'er fromthe disclosure of said patent. In this construction, the hinge arms, 13, 13, have different lengths, as shown in Figure 11.

j Figures 14 and 15 show aconstru ction of jainb plate,or socket'member4c", of-a somewhat vdifferent form from that illustrated in Figureto be secured directly to thepjamb, instead of to the floor and ceiling, as illustrated in Figures 17 to 20, inclusive, show another p v v 125.. 5, this. jamb plate beingv adapted of the sore ms invention wherein the hinges are placed on the outside of the door,

three hinges shown. in this construction the door plates l1 are slightly changed so as to provide for the use of a saf ty bolt 11 to fasten the same in place. it is necessary to employ this bolt, when the hinge is installed on the outside of the door, so as to prevent the removal of the hinge from the outside. The jamb plate or member l has lso been modified to prov de or a revcrs positioning. The i in the jainb plates are made to t downwardly from the top and updy from the bottonnleaving a web or .tion between the pairs of sockets. nis construction, it is not necessary to e the jainb plates right and left hand, but i. l y may reversed in position to suit the special conditions oi? use.

As a protection against the hinge being remcrcd irom the door wh n placed on the outside, it will be noted that the downturned terminals on the arms 13, 12%, come in front on the jamb plate. Hence, e screws cannot be removed from the jamb ates until the arms are removed, and this is impossible without first removing the door plates. The importance of the safety bolt 1flon the door plates will be apprei tec he construction disclosed provides an ideal arrangement for exterior and communicating doors and for closets, booths and rooms which, on account or the use to which they are put, or other reasons, are made small, and which must be provided with to close the same. The vanishing door lenos itself to such conditions.

Moreover, the objectionable slamming of the door is entirely done away with by this invent n, for the door moves slowly yet noiselessly, and its operation may be effected with the expenditure oi? little effort.

is disclosed, the hinge may be placed either on the exterior or the interior of the door, but it will be understood that the door when opened is thrown to the opposite side from that on which the hinge is placed.

The construction of the hinge is such that the door can be fitted close to the top and bottom of the opening, leaving clearance only for the door to swing.

A door provided with the hinge of this invention is much to be preferred to a door swinging on ordinary hinges, for it is not alter-ted bv the wind and conserves space on the e erior; and, where one compartment is adjacent to another, as for instance, where two separate garages are located side by side, in which position an ordinary hinged door could not be swung around without interfering with the other compartment, the door of the present invention is section oi' the th Pl peculiarly adapted to fill the desired purpose.

The hinge is particularly adapted for use on doors required by law or otherwise to swing outwardly, for the door not only turns outwardly to oomplywith such requirements, but also moves inwardly at the same time, thereby sheltering the door from the weather and obviating the necessity of providing a fastening means to prevent the wind from moving it.

For communicating doors, it has the peculiar advantage that while it is being opened from the compartment which it closes, it moves backwardly into that compartment, and does not move into an adjoining compartment, only to such an extent may be permitted by the length of the hinge arms, and these'may be made 01 any desired length. It may often be desired that the door project an equal distance into each room when in an open position.

Not only is the hinge adapted to the use of exterior doors, communicating doors, telephone booth doors, and many other kinds of doors, but it is useful for windows, whether vertically, horizontally or angularly disposed. It is also adapted to such uses as coal chute doors, attic windows, ventilators, vtor the hinge permits the close fitting out the door or sash when applied thereto. In some constructions, a single pair of arms would be suthcient, in others two pairs, and in still others three or more pairs. ited to any number.

By the term "compartment in the claims, I do not wish to be understood as confining myself to a structure bounded by four walls, for the invention should be applied to a door or other movable part employed to close an opening or passageway, in which the opening would not necessarily be an entrance to a definite compartment.

1 claim:

1. The combination with a compartment, ot a door for closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said door to said compartment, comprising pair or arms, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said door, and other means for pivotally connecting said arms to said. compartment, said last-mentioned means having the pivots spaced apart and located at different distances from the en trance or opening, and disposed wholly within the compartment at that side of said entrance or opening toward or against which said door swings when open.

2. The combination with a compartment, of a door for closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said door to said compartment, comprising a pair of arms, means for pivotally I therefore do not wish to be limconnecting said arms to said door, and other means for pivotally connecting said arms to said compartment, said last-mentioned means being located at the jamb of the door wholly within the compartment and having the pivots located at different distances from the entrance or opening. a

3. The combination with a stationary member, of a movable member for closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said movable member to said stationary member, comprising a pair of arms of different lengths, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said movable member at one side of the vertical center thereof, and other means for pivotally connecting said arms to said stationary member at that side of said entrance or opening toward or against which said movable member swings when open.

l. The combination with a stationary member, of a movable memberfor closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said movable member to said stationary member,comprising a pair of arms operating indifferent horizontal lanes, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said movable member at one side of the vertical center thereof, and other, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said stationary member at that side of said entrance toward or against which said movable member swings when open.

5. The combination with a stationarymember, of a movable member closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said movable member to said stationary member, comprising a pair'of arms ofdifferent lengths and working in different horizontal planes, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said movable member at spaced points at one side of the vertical center thereof, and other means for pivotally connecting said arms to said stationary member at that side of said entrance or opening toward or against which said movable member swings when open.

6. The combination with a stationary member, of a movable member for closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said movable member to said stationary member, comprising a pairof arms, each having an upturned terminal and a downturned terminal, the corresponding terminals of differentv arms being of different lengths, said arms working in different horizontal planes, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said niovable member atone side of the vertical center thereof, and other means for pivotally connecting said arms to said stationary member at that. side of said entrance or opening toward or against which said movable member' swings when open.

7. The combination with a compartment, of a door forclosing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for pivotally connecting said door to said compartment comprising a pair of arms, means forpivotally connecting said arms 'to said door, a plate carrying a pair of sockets fastened to the jamb, said sockets being located within the compartment at different distances from the entrance or opening of the compartment, and said plate being disposed at that side of said entrance or opening toward or against whichsaid door swings when open.

8. The combination with a stationary member of a movable member for closing an entrance or opening thereof, and means for-pivotally connecting said movable member to said stationary member, comprising a pair of arms, means for pivotally connect ing said arms to saidv movable member, and a jamb plate or socket member for pivotally connecting said arms to'said stationary member, said jamb plate having a double .said entrance or opening toward or against which said door swings when open.

10. The combination with a stationary pair of sockets arranged in different horizonp member, of a movable member for closing I an entrance or opening thereof, and means for plvotally connecting said movable member to Sa dstatmnary member, comprising a pair of arms, means for pivotally connecting said arms to said movable member, and other means for pivotally connecting said arms to said stationary member, said lastrmentioned means being located entirely within the compartment and disposed at that side of the compartment toward or against which the movable member swings when open, andhaving pivots spaced apart at d fferent distancesfrom said entranceor opening, and disposed Wholly at one 'side'of said movable'member. when the latter is inf closed position. M a a In'testimonythatl c'laimthe foregoing as my own,I, have hereto afiixeclmy .signature in the presence ,of two witnesses. Y.

. WILLIAM'LEWIS EVANS, J ;1 "Witnesses: C. -K. MoW1LnIAMs, i r WM. Geo. HEFFER J-

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