US1278207A - Producing wrought shapes of manganese steel. - Google Patents
Producing wrought shapes of manganese steel. Download PDFInfo
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- US1278207A US1278207A US23782118A US23782118A US1278207A US 1278207 A US1278207 A US 1278207A US 23782118 A US23782118 A US 23782118A US 23782118 A US23782118 A US 23782118A US 1278207 A US1278207 A US 1278207A
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- steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
Definitions
- a manganese steel ingot has been first cooled down in part from the heat of casting, (for example, when it has been cooled down to a temperature of say 700 0.), it may be brought into a condition suitable for forging or reduction to bloom, billet, or slab form by moderate or progressive rolling, by heating the ingot to a temperature above the said critical point lying atabout 825 0., and holding it at the temperature to which it has thus been heated for a suitable number of hours, depending upon the roportion of separated carbids and eutectic present as determined by the conditions of the cooling of the ingot fromthe heat of casting, and also depending upon the analysis of the steel.
- the absorption of the separated carbids and the excess carbids of the eutectic may, in accordance with the present invention, beeffected, by sutliciently prolonged heating, at a temperature above the critical temperature lying at 825 0., or thereabout, and may be almost complete at temperatures within 200 0., above the said critical temperature, the time required for heating, generally speaking, being inversely proportional, to the temperature. At temperatures exceeding 1025 grains more rapidly and freely and becomes weaker and more ductile.
- the manganese steel ingot will either be permitted to cool from the heat of casting to say 700 0., and then reheated through the critical range beginning at say 750 0., to and above the aforesaid'critical temperature lying at about 825 0., or thereabout; or, the cooling of the ingot will be interrupted at an appropriate temperature within the range of 200" 0., or thereabout, above the said critical temperature of 825 0.
- An appropriate temperature at which to begin the prolonged heating within the range above 825 0., or thereabout, will usually lie between 900 0., and 1000 0.,
- the metal rebut will be eater or less according to the analysis of t e steel.
- the piece to be heated When the piece to be heated is at the appropriate temperature within the range of 200 (3., above the critical temperature, lying at about 825? (1., or thereabout, it is held at, the temperature selected, for a considerable time. For instance, with a manganese steel ingot of ordinary analysis, 20 inches square, the time of heatmg, atsay 900 0., to 950 C., in a soaking pit, would be from 10 to 15 hours, or even longer.
- the prolonged heating in any case, will be continued for a greater or lesser time, accordm to the size and analysis of the ingot, until the greater ortion of the carbids and the excess carbic s of the eutectic, separated out during the time when the ingot wascooling from the heat of casting, will be re-absorbed and taken into solution by the mix crystals of the metal.
- the ingot . may thereupon be Withdrawn from the soakin pit and immediately subjected to a moderate reducing operation, which may consist of hammer or ressforging, or rollinghwith a light or mo crate reduction with eac pass of the rolls; whereupon it may be cut into lengths, as blooms, billets, or s abs, as may be required.
- a moderate reducing operation which may consist of hammer or ressforging, or rollinghwith a light or mo crate reduction with eac pass of the rolls; whereupon it may be cut into lengths, as blooms, billets, or s abs, as may be required.
- the bloom, billet or slab, resulting from this first forgin or rolling operation may then be reheate to such temperature as is required for the succeeding forming operation; If the further forming required is but slight, the bloom, billet or slab, may be reheated,t0 an equalized temperature as low as 900 C. Ordinarily, however, it will be found more expedient to heat the bloom, billet or slab, to an equalized temperature within the range of 1025 C. to 1200 C. (or even higher), and for such time as may be necessary to freely regrain the steel and to bring it to a ductility aplproprlate for the forming of the bar or o er final shape required.
- the ingot when raised to the finalequaliz'ed tem perature,) and suitably regrained, may be either su jected to reduction and then out up into billets or slabs, or, if the ductility is suflicient for the particular final forming intended, it may be rolled to final shape.
- V B 1 wm mm
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
WINF IELD S. POTTER, 0 F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.
PRODUCING WROUG-HT SHAPES OF MANGANESE STEEL.
Patented Sept. 10, 1918.
No Drawing. Application filed May 11, 1914, Serial No. 837,662. Renewed June .1, 1918. Serial No. 237,821.
To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, WINFIELD S. POTTER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Pittsburgh, Allegheny county, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Producing duction of wrought shapes of manganese steel; that is to say, steel containing over 52% manganese, with or without silicon or alloying metals such as chromium or nickel, and containing any suitable proportion of carbon, (for instance, from 25% to 2.25% of carbon).
I have found that a critical point exists in manganese steel, (usually at above 825 0., or above, according to analysis) above which carbids which have previously separated out, both within and between the grains of the steel, and also the excess carbids of the separated eutectic, are re-absorbed to a greater or less extent by the mixed crystals of the metal, the completeness of the reabsorption-depending, upon the analysis of the steel, the extent of the separation of carbids and eutectic as determined by the conditions of the cooling of the ingot from the heat of casting, and depending upon the time employed in heating the steel up through a critical range having its upper limit at about 825 0., and depending furtherupon the time during which the steel is maintained at the selected temperature above said critical point'.
I have also found thatwhen a manganese steel ingot has been first cooled down in part from the heat of casting, (for example, when it has been cooled down to a temperature of say 700 0.), it may be brought into a condition suitable for forging or reduction to bloom, billet, or slab form by moderate or progressive rolling, by heating the ingot to a temperature above the said critical point lying atabout 825 0., and holding it at the temperature to which it has thus been heated for a suitable number of hours, depending upon the roportion of separated carbids and eutectic present as determined by the conditions of the cooling of the ingot fromthe heat of casting, and also depending upon the analysis of the steel.
Where the ingot, in cooling from the heat of casting has dropped below the critical temperature lying at about 825 0., or
thereabout, and enters the critical range extending downward therefrom to about 7 50 0., martensitic structures are developed, due to the separation of carbids within the grains of the steel. These structures are removed as the steel is heated up through and above the said critical range of temperature.
The absorption of the separated carbids and the excess carbids of the eutectic may, in accordance with the present invention, beeffected, by sutliciently prolonged heating, at a temperature above the critical temperature lying at 825 0., or thereabout, and may be almost complete at temperatures within 200 0., above the said critical temperature, the time required for heating, generally speaking, being inversely proportional, to the temperature. At temperatures exceeding 1025 grains more rapidly and freely and becomes weaker and more ductile. It is characteristic of my present invention, therefore, that the reabsorbtion of the separated carbids and of the excess carbids of the eutectic takes place at a relatively low temperature, and that the subse uent heating to higher temperatures, after t e desired re-' absorption has been substantially accomplished, is for the purpose of imparting to the metal a ductility reater or less in amount according to the higher temperature selected, appropriate to the final reduction intended.
In practice, the manganese steel ingot will either be permitted to cool from the heat of casting to say 700 0., and then reheated through the critical range beginning at say 750 0., to and above the aforesaid'critical temperature lying at about 825 0., or thereabout; or, the cooling of the ingot will be interrupted at an appropriate temperature within the range of 200" 0., or thereabout, above the said critical temperature of 825 0. An appropriate temperature at which to begin the prolonged heating within the range above 825 0., or thereabout, will usually lie between 900 0., and 1000 0.,
0., the metal rebut will be eater or less according to the analysis of t e steel.
When the piece to be heated is at the appropriate temperature within the range of 200 (3., above the critical temperature, lying at about 825? (1., or thereabout, it is held at, the temperature selected, for a considerable time. For instance, with a manganese steel ingot of ordinary analysis, 20 inches square, the time of heatmg, atsay 900 0., to 950 C., in a soaking pit, would be from 10 to 15 hours, or even longer. The prolonged heating, in any case, will be continued for a greater or lesser time, accordm to the size and analysis of the ingot, until the greater ortion of the carbids and the excess carbic s of the eutectic, separated out during the time when the ingot wascooling from the heat of casting, will be re-absorbed and taken into solution by the mix crystals of the metal.
The ingot .may thereupon be Withdrawn from the soakin pit and immediately subjected to a moderate reducing operation, which may consist of hammer or ressforging, or rollinghwith a light or mo crate reduction with eac pass of the rolls; whereupon it may be cut into lengths, as blooms, billets, or s abs, as may be required.
The bloom, billet or slab, resulting from this first forgin or rolling operation, may then be reheate to such temperature as is required for the succeeding forming operation; If the further forming required is but slight, the bloom, billet or slab, may be reheated,t0 an equalized temperature as low as 900 C. Ordinarily, however, it will be found more expedient to heat the bloom, billet or slab, to an equalized temperature within the range of 1025 C. to 1200 C. (or even higher), and for such time as may be necessary to freely regrain the steel and to bring it to a ductility aplproprlate for the forming of the bar or o er final shape required.
In some instances, the ductility of the ingot, at the termination of the prolonged heating at a temperature Within the range of 200 0., above the critical temperature lying at 825 (1, or thereabout, will sulfice for the particular" final forming intended,
without reheating; and, in such cases, after the initial reduction, the ingot will be immediately rolled or otherwise brought to final fo When, in the secondar .formin o eration hereinbefore indicate the stee is eated to temperatures above 1025 C., or thereabout, such of the excess carbids of the eutectic as ma not have been reabsorbed during the heating for the preliminary forgin or rolling operation will be brought into so ution and absorbed, and the product will be correspondingly more uniform than if the heating for the secondary rolling or forging located at about. 825 (3., for a su operation had been restricted to a lower temperature than 1025 C. (say 900 C. to 950 0.).
At the termination of the final reduction,
ed to just above the critical range located ordinarily at 750 C.825 U. (for instance, 900 C.) and held for from 15 minutes to one hour, or longer, at the maximum temperature thus selected according to the size and anal sis of the product, and then waterquenched or otherwise rapidly cooling.
In some instances, if desired, the prolonged heating within the range of 200 (1., or thereabout, above the critical temperature located at about 825 O.,continued until any carbids and the excess carbids of the eutectic have .been reabsorbed by the mix crystals,will be succeeded in the same fun.
nace operation by the further heating to the higher temperatures hereinbefore referred to, without the intermediate light reduction specified. In these instances, the ingot, when raised to the finalequaliz'ed tem perature,) and suitably regrained, may be either su jected to reduction and then out up into billets or slabs, or, if the ductility is suflicient for the particular final forming intended, it may be rolled to final shape.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:
1. The method of producing a wrought shape of manganese steel from a cast ingot wherein, during coolin there has been a separation of eutectic w thin the mass of the metal, comprising heating the steel to a temperature within the ran e of 200 0., or thereabout, above the critical tem erature located at about 825 (3., for a su ciently long period of time to permit the reabsor tion by the mix crystals of the metal of t e greater part of the excess carbidsof the eutectic, and any car-bids which may have separated, ultimately heating the metal to a temperature suitable for the ductility required, andthen subjecting the metal to reuctlon. r 2. The method of producing a. wrought shape of manganese steel from a cast ingot wherein, during cool there has been a. separation of eutectic within the mass of the metal, comprising heating the steel to a temperature within the range of 200 0., or thereabout, above the critical tem erature cientiy long period of time to permit the reabsorption by the mix or greater part of t e excess carbide 0f the eutectic, and any carbids which may have stals of the metal of the separated, ultimately heating the metal to and regraining it at a temperature suitable for the ductility ret uired, and then subject. ing the metal to re uction.
3. The method of producing a wrought shape of manganese steel from a cast ingot wherein, during cooling, there has been a separation of eutectic within the mass of the metal, comprising heating the steel at a temperature within the range of 200 (3., or thereabout, above the critical temperature located at about 825 (1., for a sufliciently long period of time to permit the reabsorption by the mix crystals of the metal of the greater part of the excess carbids of the eutectic and any carbids which may have separated, then subjecting the-metal to an initial reduction, re ieating it until it is regrained and has attained a ductility appropriate to further reduction, and then subjecting it to such further reduction.
4. The method of producing a wrought shape of manganese steel from a cast ingot wherein, during cooling, there has been a separation of eutectic within the mass of the metal, comprising heating the steel to a tem perature within the range of 200 C., or thereabout, above the critical tempierature located at about 825 C., for a su ciently long period of time to permit the reabsorption by the mix or stals of the metal of the greater part oft \e excess carbids of the eutectic and any carbids which may have separated, subjecting the metal to an initial reduction, cutting it into preliminary lengths for subsequent reduction, reheating at a temperature suitable for the ductility required for the f 1rther reduction, andithen subjecting the metal to such further reduc--- tion.
5. The method of producing a wrought shape of manganese steel from a cast ingot wherein, during cooling, there has been a separation of eutectic within the mass ofthe metal, comprising heating the steel to atomperature within the ran e of 200 Ci, or thereabout, above the critical tem era'iture located at about 825 O., for a su ciently long period of time to permit the reabso'rption by the mix or stals of the metal of the greater part of t e excess carbids of the eutectic, and any carbids which may have separated, ultimately heating the metal to a temperature suitable for the ductility required, then subjecting the metal to reduction, reheating the product slowl through the critical range located ordinari y at 750 C. to 825 (1., and wateruenching.
6. The method of pro ucing a wrought shape of manganese steel from a cast ingot wherein, during cooling, there has been a separation of eutectic within the mass of the metal, comprising heating the steel to a temperature Within the ran e of 200 0., or thereabout, above the critical temperature located at about 825 0., for a sufficiently long period of time to permit the reabsorption by the mix crystals of the metal of the greater part of the excess carbids of the eutectic, and any carbids which may have separated, ultimately heating the metal to a teuilperature suitable for the ductility require then subjecting the metal to reduction, reheating the product to a temperature above the critical range located ordinarily at about 750 C.-825 C.,. continuing the heating at the selected maximum temperature until the carbids of the steel are taken into solution, and water-quenching.
In testimony whereof I afiix my signature, in presence oftwo witnesses.
WINFIELD s. POTTER.
Witnesses:
M. A. BI L, LEON W. ROSENTHAL,
Correctionin Letters Patent; No. 1,278,207.
It is braby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,278,207, grmtodSoptamber-IO, ,1918, upon the application of winfiold S. P otter of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, for
appcars tho printed specification con-action cs foilpwl; Pa-ga 1, line 22, for the word above mod obouu'and Exit the said Lotion Paton? should road with this correction therein that the comp may conform to tho record of the cm in the Potent Ofiico.
{ Signed and healed this 29th day of October, A. 1m
V B. 1 wm mm,
Acting of [nub] an improvomm in Producing Wrought Shopes of Steel, an error
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23782118A US1278207A (en) | 1918-06-01 | 1918-06-01 | Producing wrought shapes of manganese steel. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23782118A US1278207A (en) | 1918-06-01 | 1918-06-01 | Producing wrought shapes of manganese steel. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1278207A true US1278207A (en) | 1918-09-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US23782118A Expired - Lifetime US1278207A (en) | 1918-06-01 | 1918-06-01 | Producing wrought shapes of manganese steel. |
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| US (1) | US1278207A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3155550A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1964-11-03 | United States Steel Corp | Heat treatment of chromium-free steel bearings |
| US3194698A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1965-07-13 | United States Steel Corp | Heat treatment of chromium-free steel bearings |
| US5290372A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1994-03-01 | Woojin Osk Corporation | Fe-Mn group vibration damping alloy manufacturing method thereof |
-
1918
- 1918-06-01 US US23782118A patent/US1278207A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3155550A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1964-11-03 | United States Steel Corp | Heat treatment of chromium-free steel bearings |
| US3194698A (en) * | 1961-09-15 | 1965-07-13 | United States Steel Corp | Heat treatment of chromium-free steel bearings |
| US5290372A (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1994-03-01 | Woojin Osk Corporation | Fe-Mn group vibration damping alloy manufacturing method thereof |
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