US1274643A

US1274643A - Steam-turbine.

Info

Publication number: US1274643A
Application number: US11831916A
Authority: US
Inventors: Henry H Wait
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1916-09-05
Filing date: 1916-09-05
Publication date: 1918-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 1935-08-06

Description

f H. wm.

STEAM TUREHNE.

APPucnTmw men SEPI. 5. ma. Y 1,274,643. ,Pm-empa Aug. 1918.

' 34 a] 3 sHEETsMsHEfr x.

l fr' Y n Q5 i) 4* J5 H. H. WAH.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPucmon HLEU sur. s, wie.

Patented Aug. 6, 1918 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

UNITED STATES QPATEN T OFFICE.V

HENRY IFIl WAIT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

f STEAM-TURBINE.

Application filed September 5, 1816.

Tof/7l llro/ny it may concern.'

lie it known that l, lll-:NKY ll. \\'.\1'|, a ritizen of the` United States, residing' at (Iliiffago, iii th(l county of ("ooli and State of Illinois..` havil invented certain new and uset'ul Improvements in Steam-'l`urbines, of which the l`ollo\viu; r is a sliccilication.

My invention relates more particularly to the nierfhanism for controlling,r ther speed of theturlline and to provisions for securing the., proper lubrication thereof.

,'n the arronipanying drawings l have shown a preferred forni of my invention, a nd in the following specifications described thi` saule in detail. lt is to be understood, however, that the specific disclosure is for the purpose of ein-niplitication only. and that the scope of thev invention is defined in the Npipe and the valves for Vfollowing claims in which Iliave endeavored to distinguish the invention frol'u the prior artso fa r as known to ulefwithout, however, relinquishing or abandoning any portion or 'feature thereof. u

In the a ,co1npanying drawings Figure 1 is a` jcentral, vertical section partly broken, avva'vof n turbine having my invention applie( thereto, parts 'being shown in elevati r; Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line lz of Fig. showing the steam supply controlling the supply oi' strani; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section, on 'the line of Fig. 1, of the turbine hearing upon one side, ports being shown in elevation; Fig. 4 is awertieal transverse seetion upon the line 4f4 of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a vertical transverse section upon the line 5-5 of Fig. 1; Fig. G a horizontal section through the steam supply pipe upon the line G--Yt of l `ig2 2; Fig. 7 a. vertical section of a detail, `Eig. 8 a. vertical transverse section upon the ,i'neVS-S of Fig, 2,'and Fig. 9 an enlarged etui] of a modicationin transverse sectlon. The salue reference character is applied to eachwpart whereveiit occurs throughout the several views.

,"Tlieturbine easing is shown at 9, an'd for l: the ipurpose of the present invention it, as

-well as the turbine wheel 10, may be of any form, though I have shown a turbine of the single stage type.)l The turbine shaft l1 eX- ytends through afstulling box 12 and is suported in a bearing sleeve 13, carried by a rearing housingz`14, bolted at l5 to a bracket 16 cast integrallpith the casing of the turbine. In the y`resent instance, the hearing housing 14 is Flgjrnied in two sections sepa- Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Augv, 1918.

serieu No. 118,319.

rated upon the horizontal plane of the exis ol the shaft, (Fig. 5) and com )rising a heal` ing chamber proper at 17 whie immediately surrounds the shaft and an oil well 18. rThe bearing sleeveltl `is seated in the bearing chamber and is bnbbitted at. 20 to receive the sliggitly reduced bearing portion 21 of the tur ine shaft. A washer 22 rests against the shoulder 23 and prevents longitudinal motion of the shaft relative to the bearing. The bearing sleeve is formed in two sections 13, 13", and is sides to form openings 24, the babbittlng being grooved in registry with saidopenings to permit the application of the lubricating ring 25 which dips into the oil well. (See Figs. 1 and 5.) If the shaft is to be removable the lips of the bearing may be mede separate therefrom and secured thereto as at 114, (Fig, 9). Relative movement of the bearing sleeve is prevented by the taper pin 26 which is located in the top member 14a of the bearing housing, and extends into an opening 27 in the bearing sleeve. 4

0n the side thereof remote from the turbine, the bearing housing is formed with `an eut away upon its opposite opening 28 somewhat larger in diameter than y,

adjacenhthe turbine,

boss and is secured the supply of steam to the turbiie. It comy prises a pair of heav-y levers 34. which are rectangular in shape, as shown in Fig. 1, and fulcrluned upon an annuler plate 35 which is seeul'ed to the shaft of the turbine just ivithinthe casing by a pin 36 driven in registering holes in the collar 37 off'said plate, and the shaft which collar extends into the opening 28 in the bearing housing,l A Washer 38 is interposed between the inner end of the collar 37, and a shoulder 39 formed by a. slight reduction in the diameter of the tur! bine shaft and bears upon thefn'dQ of .the lbabbitted bearing sleeve. As shown mFigs. 1 and 4, the plate is formed :with parallel grooves, or recesses 40, formed,"- along dia.- metrically opposite lines on said'plate whlch constitute seats, or fulcra for the pivotal edges 41 of the Weight levers 34, and the shorter limbs 42 of the letter re reduced containin ladjustably connected to a and extend toward each other and into a. transverse opening 43 inthe shaft, t e plate 35 being cnt away as at 44 to permit free movement of the levers. The outer end of the shaft is bored at 45, and the bore communicates with the cross-passage 43 referred to above, and in said bore is slidingly mount ed a plunger 46, in the inner en(v ot which are secured elastic )lates 47, which are formed with knife edges to engage notches 48 in the adjacent ends of the weighted levers. Obviously when the shaft is rotated, cari Ving with it 'the plate 35 and the weighted evers, the latter move outward under the centrifugal force,rand the inner yends thereof force the plunger 46 in the direction of the arrow in Fig. l. The outward vement ofthe plunger, however; is resiste by asprin 49, which is interposed betweengan adjusta le collar 50, screwed upon the *end of the shaft, and a sleeve 51 mounted to slide on said shaft. these members being respectively provided with (langes against which the respective ends of the spring bear, and the sliding;r sleeve is connected to the plunger by a pin or bolt 52 secured at its ends to said sleeve and passing through and snugly fitting an openingr in the plunger, the wall of the hollow shaft being formed with elongated openings, or slots 53 to permit of the longitudinal movement of gpc plunger under the o posed pressures of L e spring and weighte levers. The outward movement of the plunger is communicated to a lever 54 which operates the valve as hereinafter described, but in order to avoid undue friction between the lever and the shaft, a bearin is provided which comprises a conical ende pin .55 secured to the shorter arm of said lever extending through a hole 56 in the casin and bearing nlpon a cup 57 a ba l bearing 58. he outer eirl of Vthe p unger is reduced at 59 and snrrounded by the bearing and a hardened ring 60,' which `latter transmits the thrust of the plun er tp the balls of the bearing. A scc ond iardened ring 61 is interposed between the cup 0 and said balls to avoid undue wear. e outer face of the. cup is depressed and flattened as at 62 to receive the point of the pin 55 and permit such motion between the parts as is necessary.

The lever 54 is pivoted at ($3 to the easn ing, and its longer arm is engaged by an adjusting spring (i4, the other end of which 1r. bracket (i5 by means of a screw 'bolt (i6. 'lhe spring t`|l serves to maintain the pin (i5 in contact with the cup 57, but. the main pressure opposing the outward movement ot' the plunger under centrifugal action is the spring l!! referred to above.

The steam supply pipe 67 connects witlt the turbine casing through a valve casing 68 and a nozzle stand 69, the fiat flange 70 of which is interposed between the valve casing and turbine casing. The valve casing comprises an outer inlet chamber 71 and an inner outlet chamber 72, connected by valve ports 7. A pair of

balanced valves

74, 75, control these ports and are guided therein by wings 76, and rigidi connected together b' a cross-piece inclu ing a perforated hu or enlargement 77. Operating connections from the lever 54 to said balanced valve comprise a rotary shaft 78 journiiled in a coa'er plate 79, an arm 80 on the inner end of said shaft carrying a pin 81 engaging the perforation in the valve stem, and an arm 82 on the Q uter end of s'aid shaft connected'by a link 83 with said lever. The operation of this governor mechanism will now be apparent. is revolved the centrifugal action upon the weighted levers 34 forces theiplunger outward against the pressure of the spring 49, swinging the lever 54, and throu h the link 83, ariii 82, shaft 78 and arm 80, orcing the balanced valves nearer to their seats. Conversely a reduction of the speed of the turbine is accompanicd'or followed by a move ment of the valves away from their seats, the speed of the turbine thus being maintained at a predetermined number of revolutions per minute. 4Plugs 84 permit access to the balanced valve. Y

It is desirable in machines of this character to provide means for preventin the wheel from revolvin beyond a pr etermined speed in addition to the speed regu lator to which reference has been made. In the present construction I provide means for completely stopping the turbine when its speed exceeds a certain limit. For this pnr pose a butterfly valve 85 is journaled within the steam inlet, and the shaft S6 thereof is extended throu h the wall of the steam conduit, being pac ed at. 87, and provided with a pedal or foot ieee SB. A spring 89 tends to throw the va. ve to closed position, but it is normally maintained in the open position by a bell-cranlt latch 90 (Fig. 8) pivoted to a lu 91 upon the valve casing. The bellcrank is connected by means of a link 92 to a trip lever 93, which is pivoted at 94 in the governor casing, and the inner end 95 of which extends into said casing adjacent the periphery of the plate heretofore described. (Seo Fig. 4). The-plate 35 is bored to forni a. chamber 96 which is closed at its outer end by plug'97, perforated at 9H for the passage of a tent 99 upon a pliniger 100. The latter is normally maintained in its innerinost position by a. sprin 101 compressed between the plug and a ange 102 upon the plunger. lViien, however, the speed ot rotation of the shaft exceeds? predetermined number of revolutions pe minutc, thc plunger is thrown outward by centrifugal force and the teat engages the When the turbine shaftv innerend .95 of lever 9th The latter, through the 11111;.92, with rews the la'tf'zh'` 90 fromengage'inentwitht e foot'pedal, and thereupon therspringt) revolves the butterfly valve to 6 qlosed.postion, shuttingolfthe supply of steam to the turbine. The head, or plate 35, isfboredu 103 opposite the chamber 101 to `equalize t e weight distribution of the head 35.. Y

..=1n,.order to properly lubricate the ball bearin 5,8, which is interposed between the revolu le lunger 46 and the lever 54, I pro- `videthe aringcu 57 with e flange-lip or recess 104;, (see Fig. 3) which communicates through a passage 105 with the interior of the cup4 and with the bearing. Oil

is supplied to said lip and cup from the bear-4 ing. ofthe `shaft by a tube 106, the outlet end 4of which overhangs said lip and the --finlet end of which is connected to a passage 107, (Fig. y3) which extends through the wall `tof the 'aringhousng and the bearing, and

communicates with an inclined channel 108 (Fig. j?) formed in the inner face of the '25 ,Babbitt finetal and extending to a point below the oil ring. The oil passage in the `bearing `islocated upon the side thereof toward -which ,the ring turns as Iitis reniolyedby the shaft, and therefore the mo- '1'30 inentum of the oil and its entrainment'by adhion to the shaft carries it into the in- 'l inlined:channel.whence it flows through the upassage in the' casing and the tube 106 to the #bearing cup. In the construction shown, in

als 85.:-Fig; 3,1,have shown a. second channel 107,

i ;fbuton1y, the channel toward which the shaft A? tunis is used, the two channels being providedy Sofft-hat the wheel maybe arranged to :t1-evolve in,` either direction with certain '-5. f. 40 lchangfges which it is not necessary here to con- -slderif .The bearing cup 57 is 'formed'with a tail-piece or extension 109 which, during the 'operation of the machine, ,bears against a bridge 110. to prevent the rotation of cup 157e-nml said tailfpiece ,is longitudinally perfoiiateelv throughout and communicates with .therinterionsof the` cupdr the purpose of L leading awaxlthe oilasmit is oured through #the-bearing. Erom the tai -piece it dri s lli!!f.into-.thechannel 111 and passes through t 1e opening 112back into the oil chamber of the bearingzhousing- H Ilclaim:

1. In .n device of the class described, a

\ "5.5 shafthaving a tubular end und a slot communi'cating with the bore thereof, a head i mountedupon `the shaft, bell-crank levers fulcruxned on the head and extending through the slot into the bore of thc shaft,

B0 a plunger'mounted in said bore und opera- 'l bearing at the end of said plunger, a cup' tively connected to the levers, a spring for resistin the movement of the plunger under the in uencerof the levers, u thrust bull It surrounding the same, a lever engaging the cup and moved thereby, a motor for o r- 'bell-crank levers fulcrumed in said grooves and extending at their adjacent ends into the recesses in the head plate, and through thc slot in the shaft into the bore thereof, nl plunger movable in the bore of the Shaft and having bearings thereon for the ends of the levers, a spring opposing the movement of the plunger under the influence of the levers, a lever arranged to be 'acted upon by the plunger when forced outward by the levers, a motor for rotating the shaft, a conduit for supplying motive 'ud to the motor, a valve in the conduit and a connection from thedast said lever to the valve for operating the latter. 3. In u device of the class described, and in combination with the shaft thereof, said shaft having a hollow end and a transverse slot communicating with the bore thereof a head plate mounted on the shaft, a pair of oppositely arranged weighted levers fiilcrumed on the head late and havin their adjacent ends exten ing through yt e slot into the hollow ofthe shaf the bore of the shaft enga b' the evers,-

a valve for supplyingmotive Huid to the motor, connections between' the valve plunger for operating the former, theffheud plate being formed. with a bore at' jfpint on the peripherytthtreof intermediiitt` the fulcra of the resptive levers, a plu rin the bore, a springnomally maintaining the lunger in its innermost position'fgtrip ever pro'ecting into the 'path' of tho plunger wen the latt r isjin its outer posi# tion,r n pipe for4 supp ying motive luid to the motor, and a connection between tho trip and the vulve whereby the operation of the trip causes the valve to close.

4. In a device ofthccliiss described und' in combination with n rotary shaft having a bored outer end und a transverse slot communicating with the bore, a head lute, levers mounted on the hend plate an jecting through the slot into the bore of the shaft, u plunger in the bore of the shaft having a reduced outer end. un annular ball-racc mounted on the plunger uns] surrounding the reduced portion ther of, a

bull bearing,ithe balls of which `engage said ball-race, a cup surrounding the bearing, a

" leading'f from Qsaid controlling the speed lever loosely engaging the cup at one end, a conduit for supplyin motive iluid tothe motor, a. valve in said conduit and connections from 'the valve to the lever.

5. In a device of the class described and in combination with a shaft thereof having a bore in its outer end and a transverse slot communicating with the bore, a head late on the shaft, levers mounted on the' ead plate and fprojecting through the slot into the bore o the sha t, a plunger in the bore engaging the levers, a spring resisting the movement of the plunger under the action of the levers, a thrust roller bearing engaging the end of the shaft, a cup surrounding the bearing having a tail piece `for preventing rotation thereof, a lever having a pointed bearing loosely engaging the cup, a valve for controlling the admission of motive fluid to the motor, and connections from the last` said lever to the valve for operating the latter.

(i. In a device of the class described and in combination with the rotary shaft thereof having a hollow end and a transverse slot communicating with the bore thereof, a head on the shaft, weighted levers on the head extending through the slot into the bore of the shaft, a plunger mounted in the bore, a s ring for resisting the 'movement of the p unger under the pressure of the levers, means operated by the plunger for of the shaft, a thrust roller bearing intermediate said means and the end qf the plunger, a cup inclosing said bearing and a perforated tail piece communicating with the interiorl of the cup and 'adapted to prevent the rotation of the latter and to receive lubricant therefrom.

7. In a device of the class described and in combination with the rotary shaft thereof, speed governor mechanism mounted on the shaft and including a longitudinally moving 4lunger, a roller bearing Iadapted to receive t e thrust of the plunger and comprising a cup, means for maintaining the cup against rotation, a lip on the cu couimunicating with the interior t ereof, means for supplying the lip with lubricant, and means bearing upon the cup for controlling the speed of rotation of the shaft;

8. In a device of the class described, a rotary shaft, speed governing mechanism on said shaft comprising a plunger moving longitudinally of the shaft,'means operated by the plunger for controllin the speed of rotation of the shaft, a thrust carin intermediate said meansand lungena )caring surrounding the shaft an in which the latter is journaled, means for supplying oil te the shaft in said hearing, an a conduit shaft bearing to said thrust hearing and adapted to convey lubricant from the former to the latter.

9. In a device of the class described, a rorelation t tary' shaft, speed governing mechanism on said shaft comprising a plunger moving longitudinally of the shaft, means operated by the plu er for controlling the speed of rotation o the shaft, a thrust beari inter- 7o mediate said means and langer, a `caring surrounding the shaft and,l in which the latter is 'ournaled, means for supplying oil to said s aft within the bearin a conduit comprising a passage in the s aft bearing and leading to the thrust bearin for conveying oil from the former to theatter.

10. In a device of the class described, a rotar shaft, speed governing mechanism on sai shaftcomprising a plunger moving lonso gitudinally of the shaft, means operated by the plun er for controlling the speed of rotation o the shaft, a thrust beari intermediate said means and plunger, a earing surrounding the shaft an in which the lat- 55 ter is journaled, means for supplying oil te said shaft within the bearing, an inclined oil channel formed in the face of the hearing and a conduit communicating with said channel and with said thrust bearing to con- 9o vey oil to the latter.'

L1. In a device of the class described, a rotary shaft, speed governing mechanism on said shaft pomprising a plunger moving longitudinally of the shaft, means operated` by g5 the plun er for controlling the speed of rotation o ,the shaft, a thrust bearin intermediate said means and lunger, a aring surrounding the shaft an in which'the latter is journaled, an oil ring adaptedv to sup- 10c ly the shaft with oil, an oilchannel formed in the face of the bearing and arranged to receive the oil supplied by the ring at its intalee end, a conduit formed partially in the bearing and communicating with the channel, and with the thrust bearing, and adapted to supply oil to the latter.

12. In a device of the class described, a rotary shaft having a speed governor thereon comprising an axially movable plunger, a 11u thrust bearing engaged b said plunger, an annular bearing surroun ing the shaftand in which the latter is journaled', an oil ring running on the shaft, an oil well into which said ring dips, a. conduit for receiving part of lthe oil conveyed to said `shaft and conveying it to the thrust bearing, and a duct for returning the oil from the Vthrustbearing to theoil wellA f 13. In a device of the class described and in combination with the rotary shaft thereof,

a speed governor mounted on the shaft and comprising a plunger movable axially with eieto and revolubly therewith, a thrust plate mounted on the plunger, a sec- ,125 ond thrust plate receiving the thrust from the first said thrust plate and held against rotary movement, means engaged by the second said thrust plate for controlling the speed of rotation o the shaft, there being a El t) pivotal eonneetion between the last said means and the non-rotary thrust plate.

,l-l. ln a device ol the lass desi'rihed, a |i'otai'vv `shaft, a eentrifugal gm'erno'r mounted thereon roinprisinzgr an axially movable plunger, a halla-aeton said plunger, a hall bearing engaging isaid rave, a het-ond lhall-rane engaging the hall hearing, a rap inelosing :mid halla'aem and hearing, a lip on the Cup adapted to i'eigeive oil and ronvey it to the hall hearing;J .and nnfans l'or preventingA the rotation nl" the cup.

5. ln a .speed lgovernor olVI the glass deserilied. a rotary eha'll, a plunger movable longitndinall)v oi the Ashaft', a spring opposu int@l the uiownient ot' the plunger in one (lireelion, a lever arranged to lie acted upon h v the plunger hen loi'red outward againet the pressure oi' the Vonine', a, motor for rolat ing the shaft` a ronduit' tor supplyingniotive Huid to the motor, a valve in the ian'idnit` a nonnen-tion from the lever lo tlnl valve fol' operatingA the latter, a head plate mounted upon lla -li.d't having' opposite parallel tfrooveand radial Irl-ewes fonnnnnienting n ith said gre'iows. ,and hella-rank levers t'|xl- 'rnini-d in `aaid groove extending al their aliviar-ent ends inlo the riaessses in the head plate` and engaging I'ln' plunger io torre the une oulnard arjainst the pressure ol: the fpring,

lli. ln a device ot' the class deerihed and in rY-oinhination with the shaft thereof. a head plate mounted on the shaft, a pair ol oppositely-arrange l weighted levers fuleruined on the head plate, a plunger inovahie lungh `tiulinallv of the shaft and engaged hy the levers` a sprungY opposing the motion of the plunger under the eentrifngal action of the levers, a valve for controlling thel supply of motive fluid to the motor` connections between the valve and plunger for operating the former, the head plate lining' formed with a hure at a point on the peripl'iery thereof internnaliate the l'ulera of the ro spot-tive levers` a plunger Spring' normally maintaining' the plunger in its innermost position. a trip lever project ing into the path of the plunger when the latter is in its outer position, and a connection between the trip and the valve whereby the operation of the trip causes the valve to close.

l?` ln a device of the dass described and in eonibination with a rotary shaft, a head plate, levers mounted on the head plate, a

`a mil-pieve for in 'the here, :t

plunger movable longitudinally of the shaft and engaged hv the levens, a eprint;r resistiin;r the inoieinent of' the plunger by the levers, a lever operated by the plunger, a rout-v hearinpr intermediate said lever and plunger, a hearing' for the rotary shaft, ineans for supplying the last said bearing with oil. and a ronduit for leading oil from the last said hearingy I'o the hearing inter` mediate the plunger and lever.

1H. ln a device ol' the elass described, and in combination with the shaft thereof, a plunger inovalile longitudinally of the shaft, a. lspring resisting' movement o'l the plunger; ventril'ng'al levers engaging the plunger for movingv it against the resistance of the spring. a thrust hearing' on the end of the shat'h a i-np snrrolun'ling' the hearing having' preventing' rotation thereof, a lever having;` a pointed bearing' loosely engaging' the onp. a valve for Controlling the admission o'l motive fluid to the motor, and connections from the last Said lever to the valve for operating;` the latter.

lll. ln a devine of the clase` ilezlei'ihedv a rotar \v shaft. a head plate mounted upon the `shaft and having parallel groove-.s extending airfross one l'aee thereof', hell crank levers having' transverse angular edges Heated in the respective grooves therehy forming' vfull-ra7 a .body let'ziproeahle axially ot' the shaft` eonneetions from said hotly to the letters whereby. the notion of centrifugal force on the levers causes an axial Inovenient oi said body, a spring' opposing the movement of the body interposed between the saine and an abutment on the shaft, means for'eontrolling` the adlnission 0f Inotive Huid* to drive the shaft, and a eonnection from said ineens to said bod)7 whereby the moven'ient of the body controls 'said means.

20. ln a speed governor, a rotary Shaft, a head plate mounted thereon having' parallel grooves upon one faire thereof, weighted hell crank levers having angular edges seated in said grooves respectively, and Inovailln about the saine as talora under the ill-- lluencfe ofeentrifugal force, a body movable axially of the shaft, connections between said hotly and levers comprising flexible plates secured to the body and bearing upon the ailjaeent ends of the respective levers, and connections from said body for eontro1-- ling the lspeed of movement of 'th/'e shaft.

' HENRY H. WAIT.