US838725A - Governor for fluid-pressure engines. - Google Patents

Description

PATBNTED DEC. 18, 1906.

w. H. LARKIN. JR. GOVERNOR FOR FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 29. 1905.

2 SHEETS-SEEET 1.

witnesses: fi W? No. 888,725. PATENTED DEC. 18. 1906.

W. H. LARKIN JR. GOVERNOR FOR FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES.

APPLIOATION IILED NOV. 29,.1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

201251165565: [nave/71,2302":

Ad-1M7] THE NURRI5 PETERS cc., wnsmmzron, a c4 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM H.

LARKIN', JR, OF SOMERVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO FRANK B. GILBRETH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GOVERNOR FOR FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 18, 1906.

1 Application filed November 29. 1905. Serial No. 289,607.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H LARKIN,

tion, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like letters on the drawings representing like parts.

My invention consists in improvements in governors for fluid-pressure engines, being more particularly, though not exclusively, intended for the control of steam-engines where a compact and simple form of governing de vice is desirable.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the following specification when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is an elevation in central longitudinal section, showing a governing device constructed according to one form of my invention. Fig. 2 is an end view with the main casing removed and showing the sleeve and cylindrical valve in a section taken through the ports thereof. Fig. 3 is an end view showing the governor with the main casing in place, and Fig. 4 shows the application to a steam-engine of the governor illustrated in Figs. 13.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the embodiment of my invention which I have chosen for illustration consists of an exteriorly-ribbed ring-like main casing a, provided with the cover I), bolted or otherwise secured thereto, the two being so formed as to provide a cylindrical chamber 0, which communicates with the receiving or admission pressure-passage d and the discharge-passage 6, contained, respectively, within the casings a and b, the said passages and chamber forming a wholly-inclosed pressure-space within which the controlling devices are contained and are adapt ed to operate. The passages at their exits are provided with interiorly-threaded portions, by means of which the entire governing device may be inserted in the supply-pipe for a steam-engine, as indicated in Fig. 4,

and there act automatically to control the supplied steam passing through the same.

Within the governonchamber there is provided a small rotatable shaft f, preferably of hardened steel, and mounted lengthwise the pressure-passage in bearings g, suitably formed in the walls of the casing. The shaft has pinned or otherwise suitably secured thereto to rotate therewith the sleeve h, having steam-ports t, and there is provided upon said sleeve the exterior cylindrical valve y', relatively movable about the sleeve. The valve has a closed end confronting the adwith peripheral ports 76, corresponding to the steam-ports 'L and adapted to aline with the latter when the said valve is suitably positioned. The steam or other fluid-pressure closed end of the cylindrical valve when the valve is suitably positioned is caused to enter the interior of the sleeve through the steamports, as indicated by the arrows, and passing lengthwise within the sleeve is caused to impinge against the propeller-like blades l, which occupy the open end of the annular passage in said sleeve. These blades constitute pressure motive means, whereby the steam during its passage therethrough acts directly thereupon to impart to the same, together with the attached sleeve, a velocity which is generally proportional to the velocity of the steam passing through the same.

The rotary sleeve has formed integrally therewith or otherwise secured to its exterior a pair of radial arms m, each of which is at tached at its outer end and herein by integral formation therewith to the segmental metallic rim n, the latter comprising, in efiect, a separated two-part fly-wheel rim, each part of which is sustained or supported where attached to its radial arm n, but free at its opposite end to expand or fly out through elasticity of the metal as the sleeve gathers speed. The free end of each segment is split lengthwise, as indicated in Fig. 1, the split ends having loosely or pivotally secured between them, by means of the studs shown, the arms 0 0, the inner ends of which are attached to the cylindrical valve 7'. As the flywheel rotates and gathers speed the consequent and outward expansion of the rim acts, through mission end of the casing and is provided entering the passage (1 being deflected by the the arms 0, to turn the sleeve 7' through a l bypass the amount of steam. thus passing slight angle, shutting off the passage of steam to the interior of the sleeve, and thereby more or less diminishing the supply of steam to the engine.

The open end of the sleeve fits the casing with but a slight clearance, so that substan-v tially all of the steam may be compelled to pass through the interior of the sleeve and by acting against the motive means be made effective in raising the velocity of the flywheel. If the load upon the engine is suddenly withdrawn or reduced,- the engine speedwill: increase, and the resultant increased flow of steam willinm iediately raise the'velocity-ofthe governing device- This results inmoving the valve to check the increasedflow ofsteam, the amount of such increased velocity and of the extent of the throttling action being obviously dependent uponthe increase inthe velocity of steam supplied'to the engine. On the other hand, if the speedof the engine decreases for any reason the accompanying decrease in the velocity of steam-supply will cause the governor to open the steam-ports wider for an in creased supply to the engine.

Other governing meansthan that disclosed may be used and" centrifugal governing means may be employed other than those operating upon the expanding or elastic rim principle without departing from the broad spirit of certain-aspects of my invention; but the disclosedconstruction has advantages of simplicity and compactness, while at the same time by making due and ascertainable allowancefor leakage andslippage the proportions of the propeller-blades and of the fly-wheel can readily be calculatedwith suflicieht, accuracy to give the necessary throttling effect under stated conditions of steamflow.

In'order to provide for accurate adjustment of the device to conditions obtaining in practice and to permit of its use, moreover, under conditions other thanthose for which it-has been actually designed, I preferably provide means for adjusting the same so that the throttling effect for a given change in the rate of steam-flow may be made greater or less than originally designed. This obviously may be accomplished in a variety of ways; but one of thesimplest and most practical is the provision ofavariable by-pass. For this purpose I have shown the casingb provided with a passage p, leading longitudinally, but laterally, from the main chamber 0 and entering the lateral dischargepassage e, being thereby adapted to conduct the steam around about the motive means. This-passage p is obstructed by an adjustable gate, the same hereinconsisting of the ad.- justable screwr,'so that by adjusting the latter out or into more orless open or close the about the motive device and without effect upon the same may be increased or diminished at will. This by-pass may be. entirely closed by the regulating-screw; but ordinarily when the governor is Working under normal conditions the latter would be withdrawn to partially open the passage. If the apparatus throttles the enginebefore the latter can come to the proper speed, the bypass may then be opened until the governor permits the attainment of the desired speed. If the governor shuts off too late or permits the racing of the engine, the bypass may be closed more or less until the requisite proportion of steam is caused to pass through the motive device of the fly-wheel and thedesired throttling effect obtained. This bypass provides a sensitivel-y-responsive adjust ment, inasmuch as it not only acts to admit more steam. to the engine, but at the same time to take away a part of the motive power available for the fly-wheel motive means.

In order to prevent foreign matter from entering the governor and interfering with the operation of the valve, a screen 8 is placed within the passage at the entrance end of the apparatus. The shaft f at the delivery end of the apparatus works against a thrust-bearing consisting of the hardened-steelscrew If, there beingprovided also the oil-duct-u .to admit oil carried over inthe. steam to the engaging surfaces between the screw and the thrust-bearing.

In Fig. 4 I have shown the governing device described applied to the reciprocating steau':engine E. The governing device is herein inserted in the steam-pipe leading to the engine, the hand throttle-valve T being alsoprovided, so that in addition to the autoa'riatic control of the supplied pressure whichtakes place on variations in engine speedthere is also exercised a handcontrol through the throttle-valve T.

The described embodi'nent of my invention isparticularly applicable to that class. of engines employed with anintermittent load, and especially where spaceis valuable or where the usage is such as to make itdesirable to dispense with the usual belt-driven ballgovernor.

While I have described the illustrated embodiment of my invention with care and par-' ticularity, it is to be. understood that my.in-, vention is not limited to the described details, but that widedepartures therefrom may be made without deviating from. the spirit of the invention.

I claim 1 1. The combination with a.fluid-pressure engine having a pressure-supply conduit. leading thereto, of separate motive throt: tling means wholly inclosed within the sup plied-pressure space of. the conduit for con-.

leading thereto, ofseparate motive throttling.

means wholly inclosed within the supplied pressure space of the conduit for controlling the engine. a i

3. The combination with a fluid-pressure engine, of separate motive throttling means for controlling the engine speed, said motive means being directly driven by fluid-pressure and being wholly inclosed within the-pressure-space.

4. Thecombination with a reciprocating engine, of wholly-inclosed motive throttling means, directly operated by fluidpressure, for controlling the engine speed.

5. An engine-governor comprising pressure-operated centrifugal governing means and a casing inclosing said centrifugal governing means adapted to be inserted in the pressure-supply pipe leading to said engine.

6. A governor for a fluidpressure engine comprising a pressure-operated znotive gov erning device adapted-to be operated by the pressure supplied to the engine, and wholly inclosed within the supplied-pressure space of the conduit for controlling the engine, and means for acting upon said device with a por tion of the supplied pressure only.

7. A governor for a fluid-pressure engine comprising a pressure-operated. motive governing device adapted. to be operated by the pressure supplied to the engine and wholly inclosed within the supplied-pressure space of the conduit for controlling the engine, and neans for by-passing a portion of the supplied pressure about said device.

S. A governing device for a fiuidpressure motor comprising pressurebperated motive throttling means wholly inclosed within the supplied-pressure space of the conduit for controlling the engine, a pressure-passage leading through said device, a by-pass leading about said device, and an adjustable gate in said by-pass.

9. A governor for a fluid-pressure motor comprising a niotive device adapted to be placed in the pressure-supply passage of said motor, a fly-wheel rim driven by saidznotive device and adapted to move outwardly on increase in velocity thereof, and throttling 1r eans operated by said riin.

10. A governor for a fluid-pressure engine co uprising governing motive nieans adapted to be acted upon by the fluid-pressure supplied to the irotor, a fly-wheel driven by said motive means, and a throttle-valve moved by said flywheel.

11. A fluid-pressure governor comprising motive means adapted to be acted upon by the supplied fluid-pressure, a plurality of flywheel segments connected to the motive means and valve-operating means connected to the free ends of said segments.

12. A governor for a fluid-pressure motor adapted to be acted uponbythe supplied fluid-pressure comprising a motive device, a sleeve connected thereto to be rotated there-' by having radialports, a concentrically-arranged cylindrical valve having ports corresponding to the ports of said sleeve and con centrically arranged with the latter to rotate therewith, .and centrifugal means operated by said motive device-for varying the-relative position of the-ports in said sleeve and saidval've. g v1 13. A throttling-governor for a fluid-pressure engine comprising a Wholly-inclosed pressure-operated motive governing device and eXteriorly-accessible means for adjustably varying the throttling action of said device.

14. A governor for a fiuid-pressure engine having a casing, an open-ended sleeve within said casing with blades internally arranged within said sleeve and adapted to be acted upon by the supplied pressure for turning the same, and means for more or less throttling the supplied pressure on variations in the speed of said blades.

15. A governing device for a fluid-pressure engine comprising a blade-carrying member provided with ports and centrifugal means driven by the blade-carrying member through the supplied pressure for opening and closing said ports.

16. A governor for a fluid-pressure engine comprising a blade-carrying member, a ported member rotated thereby, a valve member adapted to be moved relative thereto to open or close the ports on decrease or increase in engine speed.

17. A governor for a fluid-pressure engine having a rotatable sleeve provided with internal blades, an outer cylindrical valve member, a centrifugal member connected to the sleeve to be driven thereby and connected also to the valve, said blades being subject to the action of the pressure-supply to be driven thereby in proportion to the amount of supplied pressure, said valve being moved thereby to oppose increase or decrease in the amount of pressure supplied.

18. A governor for a fluid-pressure motor having motive governing means adapted to be placed in the pressure-supply conduit and wholly inclosed within the supplied-pressure space of the conduit for controlling the engine, and a screening means in advance of said governing means through which the supplied pressure must pass.

19. A governing device for a fluid-pressure motor having a blade-carrying member, a centrifugal member, and a valve member, all concentrically arranged.

20. The combination in a governor fora fluid-pressure motor, of a sleeve h mounted in thepressure-supply conduit,- the blades Z mounted upon said sleeve and the fly-wheel n operatively connected therewith.

21. The combination in. a governor for a fluidpressure motor, of a casing a I) connected with the pressure-supply conduit, the sleeve h mounted in said casing, the blades Z mounted-upon said sleeve, the fly-wheel n operatively connected with said blades, and the valvej operatively connected with said flywheel.

22. The-combination in a governor for a fluid-pressuremotor, of blades Z in the pressure-supply conduit and adapted to be operated by the steam-supply, a valve having ports 1' operatively connected therewith, and a by-pass about saidvalve.

23. Thecombination with a reciprocating steam engine, of asteam-admission pipe leading thereto, a hand throttling-valve for said admission-pipe, and a separate motive throttling device wholly inclosed insaid pipe for automatically controlling the engine speed.

24. A governor for a fluid-pressure motor having a rotary governing member adapted to be drivenby the fluid-pressure supplied to the motor, and a valved member rotatable with said governing member but relatively movable thereon for controlling the pressuresupply.

25. A governor for a fluid-pressure motor having motive meansadapted to be driven by the pressure supplied to themotor, centrifugal governing means rotatably driven by said motive means, said governing means having one or more centrifugal members adapted for movement radially outward .or inward in the plane of their rotation, and valved means controlled by said centrifugal governing: means.

26. A governor for a fluid-pressure motor comprising a throttling device, a governing device controlling the same adapted to beoperated by the pressure supplied to the engine and through the throttling device, and means for by-passing a. controllable portion of the supplied pressure about said governingdevice.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM H. LARKIN, JR.

Witnesses:

THOMAS B. BOOTH, EDITH E. CHAPMAN.

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