US1215504A - Method of joining caissons. - Google Patents

Description

J; W. DOTY.

METHOD OF JOINING CAlSSONS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 28. 1915.

Patented Feb.13,1917.

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Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

J. W. DOTY.

METHOD OF JOININGCAISSONS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.2B, 1915.

1,215,504. Patented Feb.13, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3" H G H INVENTOR Arron/v5) UNITED STATES PATENT orr on JOHN W. DOTY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE FOUNDATION COMPANY,

A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

METHOD OF JOINING CAISSONS.

Specification of Letters Batent.

Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

Application filed April 28, 1915. Serial No. 24,438.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN W. DoTY, a citizen of the United States, residing in the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Joining Caissons, of which the following is a specification.

In my Patent No. 1,068,228 I have described a method of making a joint between caissons in which timber forms are provided across the adjacent ends of the caissons,

means being provided near the edges of each joint by which a diaphragm of concrete or the like can be extended across from one caisson to the other, after which the central portion of the joint space can be cleared and filled with concrete. The present invention relates to certain improvements over that of my prior patent whereby the joint is made not between timber caissons or forms, but between the naked ends of the concrete piers themselves.

The accompanying drawings illustrate embodiments of the invention.

Figure 1 is a horizontal section of two adjacent caissons in process of sinking;

Fig. 2 is a section of-the same piers after sinking and completion of the joint;

Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 2 illustrating a slight modification;

Figs. 41,5, 6 and 7 are sections similar to Fig. 1 illustrating modified designsof the joint faces of the piers;

Fig. 7 is a similar section of a complete joint;

Fig. 8 is an end elevation of one of the piers of Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section on the line 99 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a horizontal section near the top, as on the line 1010 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 11 is a plan of a continuous line of piers inclosing a rectangular lot.

Figs. 12 and 13 are horizontal sections of modified designs.

Referring to the embodiments of the invention illustrated the piers A and B are built up of concrete to the desired height above ground before sinking, or after sinking the lower end only sufliciently to secure stability. Or such piers may be built up for a considerable height, say twenty feet, and then sunk nearly their full depth and afterward extended in one or more similar operations. In any case there is not a forming of a caisson or cofi'erdam of timber or metal and a sinking of the same before filling it with concrete to form the pier, but the latter is built up in suitable forms and the forms are removed before sinking. The end faces of the concrete pier are shaped, by the use of suitable forms, with rectangular grooves C extending vertically from the cutting edge to the top and, in the case of Figs. 1, 8, 10 and 12 with a groove D at or near the edge which is to be inside of the lot, said groove being undercut back from grooves. Steel channels E are used for this.

purpose in the rectangular grooves C, and angles F in the corner grooves D so as to prevent the earth from entering these grooves during the sinking of the piers and to permit the filling of these grooves with concrete or other joint material afterward. The channels E may be held in place in any one of a variety of ways. In Figs. 8 and 9 the cutting edge of thecaisson comprises an angle G on the top of which is mounted a broad channel H, and the lowerends of the channels E are bent in so as to enter the channel H and be held by the outer flange thereof. Near their upper ends or at various points along their lengths the channels E may be held by means of wedges J driven inward from the outside face of the pier. The corner angle F may be similarly held at the bottom within the outer flange of the channel H which extends entirely around the lower edge of the caisson or pier. At or near the upper end, or at various points in its length, the corner angle may be held by means of a bolt K passing through a slot in the angle and screwing into a wooden or metal block L C through their upper ends, or packed clay or similar material may be used in some cases instead of concrete. The concrete or other filling is then rammed and simultaneously the cover pieces E of the grooves are gradually lifted. The concrete under pressure displaces to a substantial extent the earth between the two opposing grooves and forms vertical bonds or diaphragms M, Fig. 2, between the two caissons. This makes a concrete to concrete joint between the diaphragm and the piers so that practically no water can pass between them, and the earth is so displaced by the concrete of the diaphragm or compacted therewith that there is practically a water-tight joint. The diaphragms M are also of considerable strength so as to unite the piers into practically a continuous wall to most effectively resist the pressure of the surrounding earth when the lot within is excavated.

The acute angled recess D at or near the inner edges of the piers serves to make an even stronger and more certainly watertight joint. After sinking and excavating the lot within the line of piers and forming the diaphragms M the covering angles F at the corners are removed leaving the grooves exposed throughout their lengths and the earth is removed clear back to the nearest diaphragm M, after which the space is filled with a body N of good concrete or with a backing of brickwork or other masonry and a facing of good concrete. This filling body by reason of the shape of the grooves D is strongly united to the piers and by reason of the fact that there is no interference of earth is composed throughout of perfect concrete or masonry. The usual step of finishing the inside faces of the piers and the body N of concrete with a waterproofing coat may be adopted if desired.

For better strengthening the union between the piers I propose to embed therein stirrups O, the loops of whichextend into the corner grooves D, arranging these stirrups at intervals in the height of the piers, and after the piers have been completed to unite the stirrups by tie-rods P having bent ends fitting into the loops. The subsequent filling of the space with concrete fast-ens these parts firmly together so as to tie the piers to each other.

In many cases it will not be necessary to make so perfect a bond between the piers as is shown in Fig. 2. For example, the grooves at the edges of the piers may be omitted as in Figs. 3 to 7. Then after sinking and forming one or more diaphragms M and excavating the lot the inner portion of the joint may be cleared of earth to the first diaphragm M and the space thus left filled with a body l. of concrete or brick and concrete. This makes a joint which is nearly or substantially as good as that of Fig. 2 in resisting the passage of water into the lot, but does not tie the two piers to each other as strongly.

Instead of building the piers with their end faces as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 they may be built so that one pier presents a wide groove and the other a projection entering said groove to a greater or less extent, as in Figs. 5 and 6. This arrangement contributes stability to the oint to resist transverse strains. Piers of this shape may be provided with the additional bonding means of Fig. 2, but ordinarily it will be sufficient to make their inner edges plain as indicated and to fill such inner edges, after sinking, with a body N of concrete such as is illustrated in Fig. 3. The grooves C and channels E in these cases may be similar to those shown in Fig. l and may be in greater or less number, depending upon the distance from the inner to the outeredges of the joint and other circumstances. Their locations will depend upon the shapes of the end faces of the caissons. In Fig. 6, for example, one of the piers has a comparatively wide tongue and the other a similar groove and the con crete is formed with an extra wide vertical groove and covering channel E at the center and with smaller channels and grooves at the sides.

In Fig. 7 the two piers are made withtheir end faces alike, each having abroad groove Q, at the center extending from the cutting edge clear to the top. The edge portions are provided with grooves C and covering channels E as previously described. After sinking the piers and forming diaphragms M of concrete across between the grooves C as above described (and finishing the inside edge of the joint with a body N of concrete as in Fig. 3 if desired), the space inclosed by the walls of the grooves Q may be excavated with little or no interference from water, being protected in this respect by the diaphragms referred to, and may be refilled with concrete to form a strong and water-tight joint. Such a joint, as completed, is shown in Fig. 7*. The space inclosed between the grooves Q, may be large enough to admit the body of a man and if necessary may be excavated under pneumatic pressure, one or more workmen going down into it to perform the necessary excavation. I The body R of concrete which is filled into this space is of correspondingly large section and strength.

Instead of the steel angles F above referred to the angular recesses in the corners of the caissons may be made by means of timber boxes F, Fig. 12, the stirrups 0 pass-- ing through holes provided at suitable points in the timber. The boxes may be fastened to the concrete by means of anchors S of any usual or suitable design.

The invention is applicable not only to caissons of concrete, but also to timber or metal caissons or cofierdams of the ordinary type which are built up and sunk to a greater or less extent before being filled with concrete. A suitable construction for tim ber caissons is shown in Fig. 13. The caissons T are provided at suitable intervals with projecting timbers U forming grooves in which are located channels E similar to those previously described. The caissons being sunk and filled with concrete the channels E are operated as above described to convey concrete or grout to their lower ends and, by raising the channels, to form a diaphragm of concrete or the like across between the caissons. In connection with this construction there may be provided at the corners of the caissons boxes F similar to those shown in Fig. 12, either with or without the metal stirrups above referred to.

Though I have described with great particularity of detail certain specific embodiments'of my invention yet it is not to be understood therefrom that the invention is restricted to the particular embodiments disclosed. Various modifications thereof in detail and in the arrangement of the parts may be made by those skilled in the art without departure from the invention as defined in the following claims.

What I claim is:

1. In the making of a joint between piers sunk in the earth the method which consists in sinkin two caissons with a slight space between t em and with registering vertical grooves at one end of said space and rods embedded in the piers and extending into said grooves, excavating the earth at the side of the caissons on which said grooves are located, and filling said grooves with concrete extending across the intermediate space so as to tie the two caissons together.

2. In the making of a joint between piers sunk in the earth the method which consists in sinking two caissons with a slight space between them and with registering vertical grooves at one end of said space and rods embedded in the piers and extending into said grooves, excavating the earth at the side of the caissons on which said grooves are located, tying together the exposed portions of said rods and filling said grooves with concrete extending across the intermediate space so as to tie the two caissons together.

3. In the making of a joint between piers sunk in the earth'the method which consists in sinking two caissons with a slight space between them and with registering vertical grooves at one end of said space which are undercut back from the sides of the caissons, excavating the earth at the side of the caissons on which said grooves are located and said grooves, sinking said piers, removing said filling pieces and exposing the concrete side faces of said grooves, and filling said grooves with concrete extending across the intermediate space so as to form a concrete to concrete joint continuously from the cutting. edge to the top.

' 5.. In the making of a continuous wall of foundation piers the method which consists in building above ground concrete piers with their ends adjacent to each otherand with grooves extending upward continuously from the cutting edge to the top, removing the forms so as to leave the adjacent grooved ends of naked concrete, sinking said piers by the pneumatic caisson method, and filling said grooves with concrete extending across the intermediate space so as to form a concrete to concrete joint continuously from the cutting edge to the top.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

JOHN W. DOTY.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G."

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