US12060438B2 - Cyclic peptide compounds and methods of use thereof - Google Patents

Cyclic peptide compounds and methods of use thereof Download PDF

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US12060438B2
US12060438B2 US16/972,558 US201916972558A US12060438B2 US 12060438 B2 US12060438 B2 US 12060438B2 US 201916972558 A US201916972558 A US 201916972558A US 12060438 B2 US12060438 B2 US 12060438B2
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US20210347826A1 (en
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Mark McLaughlin
Lori Hazlehurst
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Modulation Therapeutics Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K11/00—Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K11/02—Depsipeptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof cyclic, e.g. valinomycins ; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K7/00—Peptides having 5 to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K7/64—Cyclic peptides containing only normal peptide links
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to compounds comprising a cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic suitable for use in treatment of various diseases, including cancer, and methods of making and using the same.
  • Multiple myeloma is a cancer of the plasma cell, which primarily develops in the elderly population.
  • the progression of the tumor is well understood, and it can be diagnosed by the presence of multiple myeloma cells in the bone marrow and monitored by the amount of antibody secretion from the clonal population of plasma cells.
  • a premalignant condition known as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) develops at certain rates in the US population: 3% at age 50, 5% at age 70, and 7% by age 85; approximately 1% of MGUS patients progress to multiple myeloma on an annual basis (Kyle R. A., et. al, N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 1362-1369 (2006)).
  • embodiments of the present disclosure relate to compounds comprising cyclic peptidomimetic compounds, as well as the preparation and use thereof.
  • compounds comprising cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic compounds disclosed herein have shown anti-cancer activity against cancer, such as multiple myeloma, EGFR-driven lung cancer, and prostate cancer.
  • a linker such as 3-aminopropyl and certain diverse side chains (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted amino acid derivatives)
  • the applicant has unexpectedly discovered that attachment of a cysteine side chain significantly increases biological potency and activity, which is consistent with the additional positive charge from protonation of the cysteine N-terminus at physiological pH.
  • one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a compound having a structure of Formula (I): X-L 1 -N(R′)R 2 (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:
  • Another embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to the embodiments disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • Yet another embodiment provides a method for treatment of cancer, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • FIG. 1 shows Compound 2 having increased potency relative to Compound A.
  • each embodiment disclosed herein can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of a particular stated element, step, ingredient, or component.
  • the term “comprise” or “comprises” means “includes, but is not limited to,” and allows for the inclusion of unspecified elements, steps, ingredients, or components, even in major amounts.
  • the phrase “consisting of” excludes any element, step, ingredient, or component that is not specified.
  • the phrase “consisting essentially of” limits the scope of the embodiment to the specified elements, steps, ingredients, or components, and to those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed disclosure.
  • any number range recited herein relating to any physical feature, such as size or thickness, are to be understood to include any integer within the recited range, unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.
  • Amino refers to the —NH 2 group.
  • Alkyl refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to eighteen carbon atoms (C 1 -C 18 alkyl), one to twelve carbon atoms (C 1 -C 12 alkyl), one to eight carbon atoms (C 1 -C 8 alkyl) or one to six carbon atoms (C 1 -C 6 alkyl), and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl), 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, alkyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • aminoalkyl is an alkyl group comprising at least one amino substituent.
  • the amino substituent may be on a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, aminoalkyl groups are optionally substituted.
  • “Hydroxyalkyl” or “hydroxylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, comprising at least one hydroxy substituent.
  • the —OH substituent may be on a primary, secondary or tertiary carbon. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a hydroxyalkyl group is optionally substituted.
  • Alkylene or “alkylene chain” refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation, and having from one to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, ethenylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, propynylene, n-butynylene, and the like.
  • the alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a single bond.
  • the points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, alkylene is optionally substituted.
  • Heteroalkylene refers to an alkylene group, as defined above, comprising at least one heteroatom (e.g., N, O, P or S) within the alkylene chain or at a terminus of the alkylene chain.
  • the heteroatom is within the alkylene chain (i.e., the heteroalkylene comprises at least one carbon-[heteroatom] x -carbon bond, where x is 1, 2 or 3).
  • the heteroatom is at a terminus of the alkylene and thus serves to join the alkylene to the remainder of the molecule (e.g., M1-H a -A-M2, where M1 and M2 are portions of the molecule, H a is a heteroatom and A is an alkylene).
  • a heteroalkylene group is optionally substituted.
  • Protecting group refers to a chemical used to protect a particular functional group during desired synthetic steps.
  • Functional groups may include, e.g., hydroxy, amino, and carboxylic acid.
  • Suitable protecting groups for hydroxy include trialkylsilyl or diarylalkylsilyl (for example, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl or trimethylsilyl), tetrahydropyranyl, benzyl, and the like.
  • Suitable protecting groups for amino i.e., an “amine protecting group”
  • amidino and guanidino include an allyloxy carbonyl protecting group, a benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group, a butyloxycarbonyl protecting group (e.g., t-butoxycarbonyl or Boc), or a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group (or Fmoc) and the like.
  • amine protecting group i.e., an “amine protecting group”
  • amidino and guanidino include an allyloxy carbonyl protecting group, a benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group, a butyloxycarbonyl protecting group (e.g., t-butoxycarbonyl or Boc), or a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group (or Fmoc) and the like.
  • a Boc protected amine or an Fmoc protected amine would have the following structures, respectively:
  • Protecting groups may be added or removed in accordance with standard techniques, which are known to one skilled in the art and as described herein. The use of protecting groups is described in detail in Green, T. W. and P. G. M. Wutz, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (1999), 3 rd Ed., Wiley. As one of skill in the art would appreciate, the protecting group may also be a polymer resin such as a Wang resin, Rink resin or a 2-chlorotrityl-chloride resin.
  • protecting groups include, e.g., a triphenylmethyl protecting group, a dimethoxytriphenylmethyl protecting group, allyloxycarbonyl protecting group, a benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group, a butyloxycarbonyl protecting group, or a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group.
  • a “linker” refers to a contiguous chain of at least one atom, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous and combinations thereof, which connects a portion of a molecule to another portion of the same molecule or to a different molecule, moiety or solid support (e.g., microparticle). Linkers may connect the molecule via a covalent bond or other means, such as ionic or hydrogen bond interactions.
  • “Sarcosine” refers to N-methylglycine, which is an amino acid having the following structure:
  • sarcosine When sarcosine is included in an amino acid sequence, it may have one of the following structures:
  • Nleucine (abbreviated Nle or N*) or 2-aminohexanoic acid is an amino acid compound that is a isomer of leucine and has the following structure:
  • norleucine When norleucine is included in an amino acid sequence, it may have one of the following structures:
  • Saccharide refers to a group of compounds including sugars, starch, and cellulose, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides and can exist in ring or short chain conformation and generally have the molecular formula C m (H 2 O) n wherein m may be different than n (with some exceptions such as deoxyribose). Saccharides include, e.g., moieties having one of the following structures (and stereoisomers thereof):
  • “Glycosidic bond” or “glycosidic linkage” refers to a type of covalent bond that joins a saccharide molecule or moiety to another group that may or may not be a saccharide.
  • the subjects that can be treated according to the methods of the current disclosure can be a human or non-human animal.
  • the subject can be a human, non-human primate, pig, dog, rodent, feline, bovine, or other mammal.
  • the terms “subject” and “patient” are used interchangeably.
  • the compounds and compositions can be administered to human cells or non-human animal cells in vitro or in vivo.
  • the cells are mammalian cells.
  • the pharmaceutically effective amount of the compound depends on the type of disease to be treated as well as the tolerance of the subject for the treatment.
  • the disease treatment according to the current disclosure can also be administered alone or in combination with one or more other treatments.
  • cancer in a subject can be treated by administering a compound or composition of the current disclosure in combination (simultaneously or consecutively) with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.
  • treatment of the subject may include surgery.
  • the compound or composition may be administered before or after surgery.
  • the terms “treat” or “treatment” refer to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the development or spread of an oncological disorder (e.g., cancer).
  • the subject has a cancer at the time of administration. In other embodiments, the subject does not have a cancer at the time of administration, in which case the compound or composition may be administered to prevent or delay onset of the cancer.
  • beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total), whether detectable or undetectable.
  • Treatment can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment.
  • Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
  • the treatment methods include identifying the subject as having cancer or another disease or disorder to be treated.
  • the amount of the compound (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) or composition administered to the subject or cell may be an effective amount, e.g., a therapeutically effective amount.
  • an effective amount e.g., a therapeutically effective amount.
  • the term “(therapeutically) effective amount” refers to an amount of an agent (e.g., a compound or composition of the disclosure) effective to treat a disease or disorder in a subject.
  • the therapeutically effective amount of the agent may directly or indirectly (e.g., through an immune response) reduce the number of cancer cells; reduce the tumor size; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) cancer cell infiltration into peripheral organs; inhibit (i.e., slow to some extent and preferably stop) tumor metastasis; inhibit, to some extent, tumor growth; and/or relieve, to some extent, one or more of the symptoms associated with the cancer.
  • the agent may prevent growth and/or kill existing cancer cells, it may be cytostatic and/or cytotoxic.
  • efficacy can, for example, be measured by assessing the time to disease progression (TTP) and/or determining the response rate (RR).
  • compositions comprising one or more compounds of the current disclosure in association with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • Compounds and compositions containing them can be administered to a subject locally at or adjacent to a site of intended action (e.g., a tumor or lesion), or systemically (e.g., intravascularly).
  • the compound and pharmaceutical composition can be adapted for various routes of administration, such as enteral, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, topical, subcutaneous, and so forth. Administration can be continuous or at distinct intervals, as can be determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art.
  • the suitable bioactive agents that are optionally administered with the compounds separately or within the same formulation can be formulated as pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts are organic acid addition salts formed with acids that form a physiological acceptable anion, for example, tosylate, methanesulfonate, acetate, citrate, malonate, tartarate, succinate, benzoate, ascorbate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and alpha-glycerophosphate.
  • Suitable inorganic salts may also be formed, including hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate, bicarbonate, and carbonate salts.
  • salts may be obtained using standard procedures well known in the art, for example, reacting a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine with a suitable acid affording a physiologically acceptable anion.
  • a sufficiently basic compound such as an amine
  • a suitable acid affording a physiologically acceptable anion.
  • Alkali metal e.g., sodium, potassium or lithium
  • alkaline earth metal e.g., calcium
  • a “linker” refers to a contiguous chain of at least one atom, such as carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous and combinations thereof, which connects a portion of a molecule (e.g., a cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic) to a different molecule or molecules, moiety or moieties, or a solid support (e.g., amino acid residues or derivatives thereof).
  • Linkers may connect the different agents, moieties or molecules via a covalent bond or other means, such as ionic or hydrogen bond interactions. Linkers can be branched to connect one molecule to a plurality of different molecules.
  • amino acid or “amino acid residue” refers to an ⁇ -amino acid residue (—CO—CHR—NH—), where R is a side chain.
  • Amino acids are denoted with a 3-letter or 1-letter code according to the table below:
  • Amino Acid 3-Letter Code 1-Letter Code Alanine Ala A Arginine Arg R Asparagine Asn N Aspartic Acid Asp D Cysteine Cys C Glutamic acid Glu E Glutamine Gln Q Glycine Gly G Histidine His H Isoleucine Ile I Leucine Leu L Lysine Lys K Methionine Met M Phenylalanine Phe F Proline Pro P Serine Ser S Threonine Thr T Tryptophan Trp W Tyrosine Tyr Y Valine Val V
  • naturally occurring amino acid refers to an amino acid present in proteins found in nature.
  • naturally occurring amino acids include alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine.
  • anti-cancer agent refers to a substance or treatment that inhibits the function of cancer cells, inhibits their formation, and/or causes their destruction in vitro or in vivo. Examples include, but are not limited to, cytotoxic agents (e.g., 5-fluorouracil, TAXOL) and anti-signaling agents (e.g., the PI3K inhibitor LY).
  • cytotoxic agents e.g., 5-fluorouracil, TAXOL
  • anti-signaling agents e.g., the PI3K inhibitor LY
  • the disclosure relates to a compound comprising a cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic, an optional linker and optionally one or more amino acid residues or derivatives thereof. Accordingly, some embodiments provide a compound having a structure of Formula (I): X-L 1 -N(R 1 )R 2 , (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:
  • L 1 is absent.
  • L 1 is a heteroalkylene linker.
  • the heteroalkylene linker comprises from 2 to 6 carbons and a heteroatom selected from O, S, N and P.
  • L 1 is optionally substituted.
  • L 1 is —S(O) t —(CH 2 ) n —, wherein:
  • t is 2. In some embodiments, t is 1. In some embodiments, t is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 3, 4, 5 or 6. In more specific embodiments, n is 3. In certain specific embodiments, L 1 has the following structure:
  • R 2 is H. In certain related embodiments, R 2 comprises one or more amino acid residues or substituted derivatives thereof. In more specific embodiments, R 2 comprises one or more cysteine residues or derivatives thereof. In some embodiments, R 2 comprises one or two cysteine residues or derivatives thereof.
  • R 2 has one of the following structures:
  • R 2 has one of the following structures:
  • R 2 has one of the following structures:
  • R 2 has one of the following structures:
  • R 2 has one of the following structures:
  • At least one occurrence of R 3 is H. In some related embodiments, R 3 is H at each occurrence.
  • At least one occurrence of R 3 is a protecting group.
  • R 3 is a protecting group at each occurrence.
  • the protecting group is a triphenylmethyl protecting group or a dimethoxytriphenylmethyl protecting group.
  • R 3 is a protected aminoalkyl or a protected hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 3 is a protected aminoalkyl or a protected hydroxyalkyl at each occurrence.
  • the protected aminoalkyl or protected hydroxyalkyl comprises an allyloxy carbonyl protecting group, a benzyloxy carbonyl protecting group, a butyloxy carbonyl protecting group, or a fluorenylmethyloxy carbonyl protecting group.
  • At least one occurrence of R 3 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 18 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 18 hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 18 hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 3 is C 1 -C 18 alkyl, C 1 -C 18 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 18 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 18 hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 18 hydroxyalkyl at each occurrence.
  • At least one occurrence of R 3 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 12 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 3 is C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 1 -C 12 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 12 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 12 hydroxyalkyl at each occurrence.
  • At least one occurrence of R 3 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 8 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl.
  • R 3 is C 1 -C 8 alkyl, C 1 -C 8 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 8 aminoalkyl, a protected C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl or C 1 -C 8 hydroxyalkyl at each occurrence.
  • R 3 is -L 2 -Y. In more specific embodiments, R 3 is -L 2 -Y at each occurrence. In certain specific embodiments, L 2 has the following structure:
  • L 2 has one of the following structures:
  • Y comprises one of the following saccharide moieties:
  • each occurrence independently indicates a linkage to L 2 , a bond to a H, or a glycosidic link to a saccharide moiety optionally substituted with one or more additional saccharide moieties, provided that at least one is a linkage to L 2 .
  • Y comprises one of the following saccharide moieties:
  • Y comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 saccharide moieties.
  • -L 2 -Y has one of the following structures:
  • R 5 and R 6 are, at each occurrence, independently H, or a glycosidic link to a saccharide moiety optionally substituted with one or more additional saccharide moieties.
  • R 4 is an amine protecting group.
  • R 4 is a butyloxycarbonyl protecting group, or a fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group.
  • R 4 is H.
  • n is 0. In other embodiments, m is 1. In still other embodiments, m is 2.
  • the cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic comprises a recognition sequence and a non-recognition sequence and the recognition sequence is linked to the non-recognition sequence by a first linker and a second linker.
  • the non-recognition sequence is 5 amino acids selected from KLKLK (SEQ ID NO:27), KLQLK (SEQ ID NO:28), QLKLK (SEQ ID NO:29), KLKLQ (SEQ ID NO:281), KQKLK (SEQ ID NO:30), KLKQK (SEQ ID NO:282), KXKXK (SEQ ID NO:31), or ELKLK (SEQ ID NO:32), wherein X is sarcosine.
  • the recognition sequence is five amino acids selected from MVVSW (SEQ ID NO:33), MVVSA (SEQ ID NO:34), MVVAW (SEQ ID NO:35), MVASW (SEQ ID NO:36), MAVSW (SEQ ID NO:37), AVVSW (SEQ ID NO:38), N*VVSW (SEQ ID NO:39), N*VVYW (SEQ ID NO:40), N*VVAW (SEQ ID NO:41), AVVAW (SEQ ID NO:42), N*AVAW (SEQ ID NO:43), N*VAAW (SEQ ID NO:44), N*VLAW (SEQ ID NO:45), N*VIAW (SEQ ID NO:46), N*VFAW (SEQ ID NO:47), or WSVVW (SEQ ID NO:48), WAVAW (SEQ ID NO:50), WAVAA (SEQ ID NO:51), WAVAM (SEQ ID NO:52), WAVAN* (SEQ ID NO:53),
  • the recognition sequence is five amino acids selected from MVVSW (SEQ ID NO:33), MVVSA (SEQ ID NO:34), MVVAW (SEQ ID NO:35), MVASW (SEQ ID NO:36), MAVSW (SEQ ID NO:37), AVVSW (SEQ ID NO:38), N*VVSW (SEQ ID NO:39), N*VVYW (SEQ ID NO:40), N*VVAW (SEQ ID NO:41), AVVAW (SEQ ID NO:42), N*AVAW (SEQ ID NO:43), N*VAAW (SEQ ID NO:44), N*VLAW (SEQ ID NO:45), N*VIAW (SEQ ID NO:46), N*VFAW (SEQ ID NO:47), or WSVVW (SEQ ID NO:48), wherein N* is norleucine.
  • the non-recognition sequence is KLKLK (SEQ ID NO:27). In some specific embodiments, the recognition sequence is N*VVAW (SEQ ID NO:41), wherein N* is norleucine. In certain embodiments, the non-recognition sequence is KLKLK (SEQ ID NO:27) and the recognition sequence is N*VVAW (SEQ ID NO:41), wherein N* is norleucine.
  • sequence identification numbers i.e., SEQ ID Nos are as set forth in Table 1 below.
  • first linker and the second linker are independently selected from the structures (A), (B), (C) and (D):
  • At least one of the first and second linker is structure (B).
  • first linker is structure (B) and the second linker is structure (C). In some embodiments, the first linker is structure (B) and the second linker is structure (D).
  • the compound has the following structure (Ia):
  • the compound has the following structure (Ib):
  • the compound has the following structure:
  • the compound has the following structure:
  • the compound has the following structure:
  • the compound has the following structure:
  • the compound has the following structure:
  • the compound has the following structure (“Compound 1”):
  • the compound has the following structure (“Compound 2”):
  • the compound has the following structure (“Compound 3”):
  • a compound is selected from a compound in Table 2, below.
  • Some embodiments provide a compound selected from the compounds of Table 3 below.
  • variable is 1. In other embodiments of the compounds of Table 3, the variable is 2.
  • compositions comprising a compound according to the foregoing and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient is described.
  • the compounds described herein e.g., compounds of Formula (I)
  • pharmaceutical compositions are formulated in a conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers comprising excipients and auxiliaries which facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen.
  • compositions comprising a compound (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) and a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent(s), excipient(s), or carrier(s) are provided herein.
  • the compounds described are administered as pharmaceutical compositions in which compounds are mixed with other active ingredients (e.g., an anti-cancer agent), as in combination therapy.
  • active ingredients e.g., an anti-cancer agent
  • the pharmaceutical compositions include one or more compounds described herein.
  • composition refers to a mixture of a compound (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) with other chemical components, such as carriers, stabilizers, diluents, dispersing agents, suspending agents, thickening agents, and/or excipients.
  • the pharmaceutical composition facilitates administration of the compound to an organism.
  • therapeutically effective amounts of a compound are administered in a pharmaceutical composition to a mammal having a disease, disorder or medical condition to be treated.
  • the mammal is a human.
  • therapeutically effective amounts vary depending on the severity of the disease, the age and relative health of the subject, the potency of the compound used, autoimmune responses and other factors.
  • the compounds described herein can be used singly or in combination with one or more therapeutic agents as components of mixtures.
  • a composition comprises a compound as described herein (e.g., a compound of Formula (I)) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals.
  • a composition is as described above and comprises an additional bioactive agent, such as, for example, an anti-cancer agent.
  • an anti-cancer agent refers to chemotherapeutic agents, cytotoxic agents, and non-peptide small molecules. Examples of anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to Gleevec® (Imatinib Mesylate), Velcade® (bortezomib), Casodex (bicalutamide), Iressa® (gefitinib), and Adriamycin.
  • Anti-cancer agents also refers to and includes alkylating agents such as thiotepa and cyclosphosphamide (CYTOXANTM); alkyl sulfonates such as busulfan, improsulfan and piposulfan; aziridines such as benzodopa, carboquone, meturedopa, and uredopa; ethylenimines and methylamelamines including altretamine, triethylenemelamine, triethylenephosphoramide, triethylenethiophosphaoramide and trimethylolomelamine; nitrogen mustards such as chlorambucil, chlornaphazine, cholophosphamide, estramustine, ifosfamide, mechlorethamine, mechlorethamine oxide hydrochloride, melphalan, novembichin, phenesterine, prednimustine, trofosfamide, uracil mustard; nitrosureas such as carmustine,
  • anti-cancer agent include anti-hormonal agents that act to regulate or inhibit hormone action on tumors such as anti-estrogens including for example tamoxifen (NolvadexTM), raloxifene, aromatase inhibiting 4(5)-imidazoles, 4-hydroxytamoxifen, trioxifene, keoxifene, LY 117018, onapristone, and toremifene (Fareston); and anti-androgens such as flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, leuprolide, and goserelin; chlorambucil; gemcitabine; 6-thioguanine; mercaptopurine; methotrexate; platinum analogs such as cisplatin and carboplatin; vinblastine; platinum; etoposide (VP-16); ifosfamide; mitomycin C; mitoxantrone; vincristine; vinorelbine; navelbine;
  • compositions of the present disclosure can be used in combination with commonly prescribed anti-cancer agents such as Herceptin®, Avastin®, Erbitux®, Rituxan®, Taxol®, Arimidex®, Taxotere®, ABVD, AVICINE, Abagovomab, Acridine carboxamide, Adecatumumab, 17-N-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin, Alpharadin, Alvocidib, 3-Aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, Amonafide, Anthracenedione, Anti-CD22 immunotoxins, Antineoplastic, Antitumorigenic herbs, Apaziquone, Atiprimod, Azathioprine, Belotecan, Bendamustine, BIBW 2992, Biricodar, Brostallicin, Bryostatin, Buthionine sulfoximine, CBV (chemotherapy), Calyculin
  • one or more compound(s) is/are formulated in an aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution is selected from, by way of example only, a physiologically compatible buffer, such as Hank's solution, Ringer's solution, or physiological saline buffer.
  • one or more compound(s) is/are formulated for transmucosal administration.
  • transmucosal formulations include penetrants that are appropriate to the barrier to be permeated.
  • appropriate formulations include aqueous or non-aqueous solutions.
  • such solutions include physiologically compatible buffers and/or excipients.
  • compositions are formulated in any conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers which facilitate processing of the active compounds into preparations which can be used pharmaceutically. Proper formulation is dependent upon the route of administration chosen. Any pharmaceutically acceptable techniques, carriers, and excipients are optionally used as suitable.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound as described herein are manufactured in a conventional manner, such as, by way of example only, by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compression processes.
  • useful pharmaceutical compositions optionally include one or more pH adjusting agents or buffering agents, including acids such as acetic, boric, citric, lactic, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids; bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate and tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane; and buffers such as citrate/dextrose, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride.
  • acids such as acetic, boric, citric, lactic, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids
  • bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate and tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane
  • buffers such as citrate/dextrose, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride.
  • acids, bases and buffers are included in an amount required to maintain pH of the composition in an acceptable range.
  • compositions also, optionally, include one or more salts in an amount required to bring osmolality of the composition into an acceptable range.
  • salts include those having sodium, potassium or ammonium cations and chloride, citrate, ascorbate, borate, phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate, thiosulfate or bisulfite anions; suitable salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, sodium bisulfite and ammonium sulfate.
  • compositions optionally include one or more preservatives to inhibit microbial activity.
  • Suitable preservatives include mercury-containing substances such as merfen and thiomersal; stabilized chlorine dioxide; and quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride.
  • compositions include one or more surfactants to enhance physical stability or for other purposes.
  • Suitable nonionic surfactants include polyoxyethylene fatty acid glycerides and vegetable oils, e.g., polyoxyethylene (60) hydrogenated castor oil; and polyoxyethylene alkylethers and alkylphenyl ethers, e.g., octoxynol 10, octoxynol 40.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds provided in the pharmaceutical compositions is less than 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19%, 18%, 17%, 16%, 15%, 14%, 13%, 12%1, 11%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.009%, 0.008%, 0.007%, 0.006%, 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, 0.001%, 0.0009%, 0.0008%, 0.0007%, 0.0006%, 0.0005%, 0.0004%, 0.0003%, 0.0002%, or 0.0001% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds in the pharmaceutical composition is greater than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 19.75%, 19.50%, 19.25% 19%, 18.75%, 18.50%, 18.25% 18%, 17.75%, 17.50%, 17.25% 17%, 16.75%, 16.50%, 16.25% 16%, 15.75%, 15.50%, 15.25% 15%, 14.75%, 14.50%, 14.25% 14%, 13.75%, 13.50%, 13.25% 13%, 12.75%, 12.50%, 12.25% 12%, 11.75%, 11.50%, 11.25% 11%, 10.75%, 10.50%, 10.25% 10%, 9.75%, 9.50%, 9.25% 9%, 8.75%, 8.50%, 8.25% 8%, 7.75%, 7.50%, 7.25% 7%, 6.75%, 6.50%, 6.25% 6%, 5.75%, 5.50%, 5.25% 5%, 4.75%, 4.50%, 4.25%
  • the concentration of one or more compounds in the pharmaceutical composition ranges from approximately 0.0001% to approximately 50%, approximately 0.001% to approximately 40%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 30%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 29%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 28%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 27%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 26%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 25%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 24%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 23%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 22%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 21%, approximately 0.2% to approximately 20%, approximately 0.3% to approximately 19%, approximately 0.4% to approximately 18%, approximately 0.5% to approximately 17%, approximately 0.6% to approximately 16%, approximately 0.7% to approximately 15%, approximately 0.8% to approximately 14%, approximately 0.9% to approximately 12%, approximately 1% to approximately 10% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • the concentration of one or more compounds in the pharmaceutical composition ranges from approximately 0.001% to approximately 10%, approximately 0.01% to approximately 5%, approximately 0.02% to approximately 4.5%, approximately 0.03% to approximately 4%, approximately 0.04% to approximately 3.5%, approximately 0.05% to approximately 3%, approximately 0.06% to approximately 2.5%, approximately 0.07% to approximately 2%, approximately 0.08% to approximately 1.5%, approximately 0.09% to approximately 1%, approximately 0.1% to approximately 0.9% w/w, w/v or v/v.
  • a method of treating a disease comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound or composition as described herein above is presented.
  • the diseases that can be treated, according to compounds, compositions and methods of the present disclosure include cancers of various types.
  • Various cancers that can be treated, according to an embodiment of the disclosure are well known to a person of ordinary skill in the art and such cancers are within the purview of the current disclosure.
  • Suitable routes of administration include, but are not limited to, oral, intravenous, rectal, aerosol, parenteral, ophthalmic, pulmonary, transmucosal, transdermal, vaginal, otic, nasal, and topical administration.
  • parenteral delivery includes intramuscular, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramedullary injections, as well as intrathecal, direct intraventricular, intraperitoneal, intralymphatic, and intranasal injections.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for oral administration.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for injection (e.g., intravenous, parenteral).
  • a compound e.g., a compound of Formula (I)
  • composition is administered in a single dose.
  • administration will be by injection, e.g., intravenous injection, in order to introduce the agent quickly.
  • injection e.g., intravenous injection
  • other routes are used as appropriate.
  • a single dose of a compound may also be used for treatment of an acute condition.
  • the compounds or compositions is administered in multiple doses. In some embodiments, dosing is about once, twice, three times, four times, five times, six times, or more than six times per day. In other embodiments, dosing is about once a month, once every two weeks, once a week, or once every other day. In another embodiment a compound or composition and another bioactive agent are administered together about once per day to about 6 times per day. In another embodiment the administration of a compound or composition and a bioactive agent continues for less than about 7 days. In yet another embodiment the administration continues for more than about 6, 10, 14, 28 days, two months, six months, or one year. In some cases, continuous dosing is achieved and maintained as long as necessary.
  • the compounds or compositions may continue as long as necessary.
  • the compounds or compositions are administered for more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 14, or 28 days.
  • the compounds or compositions are administered for less than 28, 14, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 day.
  • the compounds or compositions are administered chronically on an ongoing basis, e.g., for the treatment of chronic effects.
  • the compounds (e.g., compounds of Formula (I)) or compositions are administered in dosages. It is known in the art that due to intersubject variability in compound or composition pharmacokinetics, individualization of dosing regimen is necessary for optimal therapy. Dosing for compounds or compositions may be found by routine experimentation in light of the instant disclosure.
  • the disease to be treated is cancer.
  • oncological disorders within the scope of this disclosure include, but are not limited to, cancer of the anus, bile duct, bladder, bone, bone marrow, bowel (including colon and rectum), breast, eye, gall bladder, kidney, mouth, larynx, esophagus, stomach, testis, cervix, head, neck, ovary, lung, mesothelioma, neuroendocrine, penis, skin, spinal cord, thyroid, vagina, vulva, uterus, liver, muscle, pancreas, prostate, blood cells (including lymphocytes and other immune system cells), and brain.
  • Specific cancers contemplated for treatment with the present disclosure include multiple myeloma, lung cancer (e.g., EGFR-driven lung cancer) and prostate cancer. Accordingly, some embodiments provide a method for treatment of multiple myeloma, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof. Other embodiments provide a method for treatment of lung cancer (e.g., EGFR-mediated lung cancer), the method comprising administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof. Still other embodiments provide a method for treatment of prostate cancer, the method comprising administering an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition as disclosed herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • Other embodiments include treatment of carcinomas, Karposi's sarcoma, melanoma, mesothelioma, soft tissue sarcoma, leukemia (acute lymphoblastic, acute myeloid, chronic lymphocytic, chronic myeloid, and other), and lymphoma (Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's).
  • the method further comprises administering a bioactive agent to the subject simultaneously or consecutively with the compound or composition.
  • the bioactive agent is an anti-cancer agent.
  • the bioactive agent is administered within the same formulation as the compound. In other embodiments, the bioactive agent is administered within a formulation that is separate from the compound.
  • a method for delivering a compound to a cell or tissue comprising administering to the cell or tissue in vitro or in vivo a compound or composition as described herein above is presented.
  • the cell or tissue is diseased, for example, a cancer cell or tissue.
  • One embodiment provides a method for preparing a compound having a structure of Formula (I): X-L 1 -N(R′)R 2 , (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, wherein:
  • One embodiment provides a method for preparing a compound having a structure of Formula (I), the method comprising modifying a cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic to include a linker L 1 .
  • the linker L 1 is modified to include one or more amino acid residues or derivatives thereof.
  • the linker L 1 is modified to include one of the following structures:
  • Embodiments of the methods for preparing a compound having a structure of Formula (I) may include one more amino acid coupling steps according to the following Amino Acid Coupling Reaction Scheme.
  • the may represent an attachment to an additional amino acid residue, a solid support, or linker (e.g., L 1 ).
  • the protecting group can be selected based on the overall synthetic scheme (e.g., accounting for protecting groups of side chains, etc.).
  • the method for preparing a compound having a structure of Formula (I) includes an amino acid coupling step according to the amino acid coupling reaction scheme above.
  • the protecting group is an Fmoc protecting group.
  • the amino acid side chain (“Z”) is a cysteine side chain.
  • the amino acid side chain is a protected form of the amino acid side chain.
  • the amino acid side chain comprises H, a protecting group, alkyl, aminoalkyl, a protected aminoalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, a protected hydroxyalkyl, or -L 2 -Y, wherein L 2 and Y are defined according to the embodiments described herein.
  • Compound 1 was obtained using standard peptide synthesis techniques (e.g., solid phase synthesis). Compound 1 was then coupled to the Fmoc-protected cysteine amino acid (“A-1”) using standard amino acid coupling conditions (e.g., using carbodiimides such as DCC, DIC, or EDC, or alternatively, with aminium/uronium and phosphonium salts). The resultant compound was deprotected under appropriate conditions (e.g., 20-50% piperidine in DMF) to afford the desired product, which can be purified using standard techniques (e.g., silica gel or HPLC preparative chromatography). Alternatively, additional amino acid coupling steps can be used following the deprotection of the amine to add amino acid residues as desired (e.g., to obtain Compound 3).
  • standard amino acid coupling conditions e.g., using carbodiimides such as DCC, DIC, or EDC, or alternatively, with aminium/uronium and phosphonium salts
  • Cysteine derivatives of the exemplary compounds comprising a cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic synthesized according to Example 1 were dissolved in DMF with the desired alkylating agent (“R—X”; 1.05 equivalents).
  • Diisopropylethylamine (2.2 equivalents) was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was heated to 80° C.
  • the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography using iodine stain and after the reaction is judged to be complete (approximately 2 hours) solvents were removed in vacuo.
  • Protecting groups were removed using standard techniques (e.g., concentrated TFA at room temperature).
  • saccharides shown below can be added selectively via the alkylation of the cysteine thiol groups. Alternatively the saccharides can added before the cysteines are attached to the cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic as shown in Example 2 below.
  • Cysteine derivatives of the exemplary compounds comprising a cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic synthesized according to Example 1 were dissolved in DMF with the desired saccharide derivative (1.05 equivalents).
  • Diisopropylethylamine (2.2 equivalents) was added to the reaction mixture and the mixture was heated to 80° C.
  • the reaction was monitored by thin layer chromatography using iodine stain and after the reaction is judged to be complete (approximately 2 hours) solvents were removed in vacuo.
  • the crude desired product was then purified by reverse phase chromatography to afford pure compounds.
  • a cysteine amino acid monomer unit can be alkylated or derivatized with a saccharide derivative prior to attachment to the free amine of Compound 1.
  • the alkylating agents or saccharide derivatives attached to the sulfur of the cysteine residue can be the same or different and can be selected to modulate biological activity, solubility and bioavailability as desired.
  • Compound 2 shows increased potency relative to another known cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetic compound (“Compound A”).
  • Example 4 The preparation of the cysteine derivatives described in Example 4 can be performed according to or adapted from the protocols described in Yuko Tsuda, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1991, 39, 607-611 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Additionally, methods for synthesizing the compounds comprising cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetics (e.g., Compound 1, Compound 2 and Compound 3) and derivatives thereof as described herein are known in the art (i.e., peptide synthesis), for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,853,149 and U.S. Pub. No. 2014/0322227 which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
  • cyclic ⁇ -hairpin peptidomimetics e.g., Compound 1, Compound 2 and Compound 3
  • derivatives thereof as described herein are known in the art (i.e., peptide synthesis), for example as described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,853,149 and U.

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