US1183401A - Coke-oven. - Google Patents

Description

A. E. PETERS.

CUKE OVEN. Arrucmon men sm. 1o. ma.

1 3 SHEETS-SHEET l- MM My Arf/ur E Pfff/a' A. E1 PETERS.

COKE OVEN. Arrucmon mln un. 1o. ma.

1,183,401. Pand 11ay16,1916. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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A. E. PETERS.

COKE OVEN. Armement fluo sur. to. ma.

Pamd May16,1916.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

sismos.

E. PETERS, os wss'rmoNT BOROUGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

cons-OVEN.

V 1,183,401. Spwiwin of Letters Patent Patented May 16, 1916.

i i Application mcd `September 10. 1913. Serial No. 789,052.

To all whom it 'may conn-urn.

lle it known that I, Au'rnun E. Ps'rans, u citizen of the United States. residing in the borough of Westmont, in the county of Cambria and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Im )rovements in Coke-Ovens; and I do here y declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the ait to which it appertains to make and use the same.

N y invention relates to coke ovens of the retort type and among the objects thereof are the following z-The construction of the brick work in a simple manner allowing ease of inspection, repair and maintenance. The simplicity of the upper and superimposed portions of the construction, as the only parts which are on top of the ovens are the tracks for the charging lorry, gas collecting mains 'and uptakes, and, of course, the filling holes for chargin the coal in the ovens, and covers thereo It must be noted thatthe upperv ortion of my ovens is simple and does not ave many usual constructions su'chas inspection holes, burner pipes, apparatus for adjusting and regulating the flow of air and gas, etc.

Another object of my invention is to so constructthe ovens that the tops are provided With cooling fiues which may be conuectcdl to an exhaust or pressure fan or blower, to keep the upper portion comparatively cool.

Another, of my invention,

and one of the principal objects is to so arrange andvconstruct the ovens that the path of the burning gas through the heating flues of the same is always in the same direction through the vertical flues between adjacent ovens, so that after the -air daxnpers and burners are once adjusted this adjustment will not be changed nor modified by carbon deposition nor by the destructive melting or fluxing of the material forming the gas or air channels or connections y the heat of the ef-` fluent gases, which latter efiect is quite customary in ovens wherein the directions'of the flow of the gases through these flues is reversed from' time to time.

Another object of my invention is to so construct the two principal fines, that is one for hot air and one for ellluent or off-gases, in auch a wav that .they extend lon itudinally of thebattery ofovens with branch flues from the sameto'the heating flues of and the construction and arrangeflues is such that the hot air fluo is used only for hot air and the oli-gas flue only for ofi-gas. To this end, I provide a regonorator, a stack and a fan or blower at cach ond of the battery of ovens, all which are so arranged that the path of the ofi-gas and of the air from the regenerator to the stack is of the same length, and consequently subject to the same frictional resistance through any one, or all the ovens.

Another object is to so construct and arrange the burners and the air regulating daxnpers that they are adjusted from below the ovens, the result of which is that any brick dust, spawls, ash or other accumulation will `fall out by gravity when the damper or the burner is removed.

Another object lof my invention is to so arran e the as flues and air -iues that one the oven, ment of these branc i of eac of these will serve two ovens. A

Another object is to so construct and arrange the burner openings and other openings below and in line with the vertical fiues so that the heat and condition of-the heatinflr fines may be'readily inspected by an atten ant who can by removing the burner or plug look directly upward into said fines, protecting his eyes meanwhile, if necessary, by goggles or largev spectacles.

lHaving thus given a general description of my invention, I will now refer to the accompanying three sheets of drawings which form part of this specification, and-in which like figures and characters refer 'to like parts.

Figure 1 is a lvertical longitudinal sectional elevation of one of my ovens, the

lane of said section being transverse of the attery in 1general thissection being taken mamans -I of sig. 4. Figeishorimntalsectional plan taken on the line II--II of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional )lan takenon the line III-III of Fig. 1. ig. lis a vertical transverse sectional elevation taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic lan of a battery of my coke ovens broken in the middle for the sake of clearness of illustration, showing the arrangement of air valves, regenerators, main filles, and branches. -Fig.` 6 is a diagrammatic isometric'projection of iues and connections of a battery of my ovens showing the flues, regenerators, stacks, and blower, with the air currents flowing in one direction as indicated by the arrows. Fig.

7 is a diaigrarnmatic isometric projection similar to iig. 6, thc only difference being that the air currents are flowing in reverse directions. Fig. 8 is a vertical ongitudinal sectional elevation on an enlarged scale throughV the as burner and individual damper and sig t opening in the lower part of my ovens taken on the zig-zag ine VIII-VIII of Fig. 3.

Referring now to the characters of reference. on the drawings:-The battery of coke ovens in neral is indicated as 1, the retort portion o each-individual oven is indicated as 2, the heating flues which lare of inverted U form, are indicated as 8 while 4 are the upper connecting channels between the ad- 'oining portions of the pairs of vertical heating fiuesS--B and 5 isthe central division wall of refractory material between said vertical tlues.

6 are the gas ports whereby the gases enter one of each pair of the vertical flues 3.-3 and below the same are the mixing chambers 7-7 in the lower part of which the gas burner opening 8 is provided. Into each of the gas burner openings 8, the burner pipe 9 is inserted -and provided with regu ating valves 49and connected with the branch gas pipe 10, which in turn is connected to the gas main 11,-wliich extends longitudinally under the battery of ovens as shown.

.As indicated in Fi 5, 6, and 7, fans or blowers are indicate as 12 and 13, one of which is `at each end of the battery and adapted to receive atmospheric air directly or from theducts 42 and discharge the same under pressure. The air fines 16 and 17 lead to the regenerators 18` and 19; reversing valves between the' blowers, the chimneys and the regenerators are indicated as 14 and 15. while 20 and 21 represent other reversing valves between the regenerators and-the air andtlie ofi-gas fines adapted4 to control or direct the flow of air through these, either in one direction or the other.

As may be see'n particularly on reference to Fig. 5,123 is the main hot air flue which extends along onel side of the battery as shown, and 22 is the main off-gas flue which extends-along the otherside of the battery. Flues or pipes 24 and 25 extend from the valves 14 and 15 to the chimneys or stacks 26 and 27 respectively, and are adapted to connect the regenerators 18 and 19 with said stacks.

' The horizontal longitudinal off-gasr fines of the coke ovens are indicated as 28 from which a number of ports 30 are connected at intervals, as shown, each ofrsaid ports leading'from an o-gaschamber 31 to raid flue v28, which off-gas chambers are located below the discharging one of the pair of heatin ilues 3, being connected-thereto by the odg: gas rta 59.

e horizontal longitudinal hot-air fines of the coke ovens are indicated as 29 from which ports 32 lead at intervals to the mixing chamber 7 thence to the entering one of the pair of vertical heating fines 3 through the ports of openings G, as shown.

In order that the operation of the front and rear of the ovens may be symmetrical, the heating flues 3 in the front half of the oven are op ostely disposed from those in the rear bali of the oven. The products of combustion will therefore flow continually toward the center of the oven in the upper connecting chamber 4.

Chambers 81 are formed as shown below one le of each pair of vertical flues 3, and at the ttom of each is provided a vertical inspection openinff 33. This inspection o ening is closed by a metal or refractory p ug 84 maintained in position by a screw 36, which in turn is supported by the swinging stii'rup 35. This stirrup may be swung on its pivots, shown in Fig. 8, so as to be out of the way when the plug 34 is taken ont of or placed in the bottom of inspection hole 83. Regulating ports 32 are formed between the hot air flue 29 and the mixing chamber 7 as shown in detail in Fi 8, the cross-scctional area of the regulatin port 32 being capable of adjustment by tie up or down movement of the damper 38 which operates in the openings 89. This damper 38 is composed o a plurality of refractory blocks as shown, su erimposed one upon another and capable o up and down movement and adjustment by means of a screw 41, which screw is supported by the swinging stirrup 40 which is pivoted in a manner similar to that described in connection with the swinging stirrup 35. This damper is a simple and yet eicient construction in that it is composed of a number of pieces of refractory material or bricks which merely rest by their own weight on the adjusting screw 41, so that gravity will lower them as the screw is moved downward and it may be moved upi wardly by a reverse motion ofsaid screw. When it is desired to remove the damper, the bricks or pieces thereof can be taken out one by one, and replaced by reverse operation.

By making the dam er in sections, each of which is merely superimposed on the one below, itis a simple construction, but at the same time economical and efficient, in that no metal parts are exposed to the heat and no .lar e refractory pieces are required, which arger pieces would be fractured in use. The cooling ducts in the upper portion of the oven are indicated as 42, the lorry track on top of the ovens is indicated as 48, the gas collecting branch pipes from each oven are indicated. as 44, and the gas collecting main as 45.

I have shown the battery of ovens su iported on girders 46 which have their en( s resting on the outer foundation walls, the

center of each girder being further su ported by means of posts or columns 4% An open space 48 extends under the entire battery of sufficient height to allow-the attendants to inspect the eating flues 3 or to regulate the burner valves 49 or the dempers 38 as required. l

The air ducts 42 may be connected with the atmosphere at one end' andniay have a draft stack at the other end to insure passage of cooling air therethrou h, or the cooling air may be forced tliroug i the ducts by a fan or blower, or the air to supply the fans 12 and 13 may be drawn by. said fans from and through said ducts i2-which will then furnish warm air to the fans, thereby conducin to economy. The va ves 14, 15, 20, Figs. 6 and 7 in a diagrammatic manner, the longer straight lines indicating that the passa e or flue re resented by said lines is o en in the direction of the line, while the s ort lines perpendicular to and between the ends of the longer lines indicate that the valve is turned and the passage or flue closed thereby at that place. v I

The charging openings throu h which coal is put into the ovens are in icated as 37. The illustrations of my oven-do` not show the end doors, but these may be s uppliedin the customary form of construction.

The o eration of my coke oven is as follows z-l rom time to time bituminous coal is charged into'y one or more of the'ovens while similar charges in other ovens lare lbeing coked.v As the charg'esin various' ovens forming a battery or a number of batteries` are in i'erent conditions', some of the coal being green, other ovens filled with coalthat is partially coked,

and 21 are shown in still others with coke that is practically finished, this gives a fairly constant amount of distillate gas -supply which is gathered in the collecting main 45 and delivered thence into a regulator or gas holder which supplies the gas main 11 with gaseous fuel obtained from the coking operation. This gaseous fuel is introduced through the burner pipes 9 and regulated by the burner valves 49 in such a way that the temperature throughout the length of the oven is reasonably uniform, and in general I iind that more gas is needed toward the ends of the ovens where the radiation is greater than near the center or intermediate portions thereof and I regulate the supply accordingly.

A distinctive feature of my construction is due to the fact that the gaseous vfuel discharged from the burner pipes 9 issues into the vertical heating flues 8 and Aalways travels through these vertical'ilues in t e same directions as indicated-by the arrows in Fig. 1. l

In order to take advanta e of'theheat of the escaping gases, I provi e regenerators as heretofore described which are used alternately for the purpose of heatin the air which is supplied for the combustion of the heating gas` As indicated in Fig. 5 of the drawings, the blower 12 is in operation, taking atmospheric air at ordinary temperature and discharging it through the pipe 16 to the regenerator 18 which is provided with brick loosely set therein and with a central division wall extending to a short distance from the top as indicated in Figs. 5, (l, and 7. This regenerator has been previously heated by the passage of the products of combustion therethrough, so that it is now in a condition to heat the atmospheric air which passes through it. As shown in Fig. 5 the reversing valve 20 is set, so that the hot air passes through the hot air flue 23 and thence to the horizontal hot air flues of the coke ovens indicated as 29, thence through the ports 32 into the mixing chambers 7 in which it meets the gaseous fuel which is discharged into the mixing chambers 7 through the openings 8 connecting with the burner pipes 9. Freni the mixing chambers 7 the mixturev of burning gas and air issues into one of eachof the pair of legs 3 of the vertical heating flues, passes u wardly through the saine, traverses the horizontal portion 4 and then down the other leg of the heating flue 3, thence through the oil-gas poits 50 into the off-gas chambers 31,'then through the off-gas ports 30 into the horizontal longitudinal offgas iiues 28 thence to the main off-gas flue 22, thence vthrough the valve 21 into the regenerator 19, which the olf-gases heat in passing, thence Apasses the valve 15 into the pipe 25 and to the stack 27 where the s ent-gases are discharged into the atmos ere.

Tie reversal of the valves at the ro er times will change the direction of the het air and the ofi-gases in their respective flues and channels while at the sume time the heating gases and the course of the sinne through the ovens is maintained without reversal. In order to regulate the amount of air which is directed into each of the heating flues 3-8 the damper 38 may be moved up and down as desired by the handwheel 41. When, however, euch of these dampers B8 is so set as to provide a proper amount of air to each pair of heating flues in order to maintain a uniform temperature throughout the length of the oven, these dempers need not thereafter be changed as the same conditions will coiitnue to efvst if nothing unusual should occur. In order to inspect the chambers and heating flues the plugs 34 may be withdrawn and the temperature estimated by the eye of the attendant or by a pyrometer introduced through the opening 33 as may be expedient or necessary.

'In order to clearly show the course of the gases heat in traversing,

air, the burnin as and the oil-gases, I have illustratet tiis diagrammaticaly in of the drawings.

the atmospheric air is drawn lower 13, discharged past the valve 15 into Figs. 6 and 7'- In Fig. (l in by the fan or b through the pipe 17 the regenerator19 wbereit is heated, thence past the valve .21 through the main hot air ilue 23- thence through the horizontal longitudinal hot air fines 2.9, thence through the regulating ports 39. into the mixing chambers 7 connecting tlierewitli,wliere the air mixes and be ins to burn with the fuel gas, thence throng i the ports 6 into the npdraft legs 3 of the vertical heating fines, thence through the uiper connecting channels l then downwardly through the down-draft legs 8 of the vertical heating llues, thence throu h'the oil-gas ports 50 into the ollgas c iambers 81, thence throu h the iorts into the horizontal longitia 'mal ot gas tlues 28 of the coke ovens, thence through the main off-gas flue 22 past the valve 20, thence into the regenerator 18, whichthe olfthence past the valve 14 into the pipe 24 and thence into the stack 26, whence the off-gases are discharged into the atmospheric air.

As shown in the diagram of Fig. 7 the flues and off-gas fiues are working in.,a reverse manner, namely The atmospheric air isdrawn in by the fan or blower-12 thence-intothe pipe 16 ast `the valve l14 into*theregenerator` 18 w ere v315 said air is heated, thence past the valve 20 into the main hot air flue 28, thence into the horizontal longitudinal hot air flues 29 of the coke ovens, Ithence through the regnlating ports 82 into the mixing cham rs 7,

40 where the air mixes and begins to burn with through the ports 6 into the up-draft leg of the vertical heating flues 3 thence through the connectin channels 4 into the down-draft legs of tie vertical the fuel gas,l thence 4a heating flucs thence through the off-gas ports into the oil-gas chambers 81, thence through the ports 30 into the horizontal longitudinal oil-gas tlues 28 of the coke ovens, thence into the main off-gas flue 22 50 thence past the valve 21 into the regenerator 19 which the said loff-gases heat in passing therethrou h, thence past the valve 15 into and throng i the pipe 25 thence into the stack whence said olf-gases are discharged into 65 the atmosphere.

In the case of retort ovens of previous types thel adjustment of the quantities of combustion gases and the tem )erature roduced thereby in the difleient eating ues,

can only be properly regulatcdfor one direc.

tion of the flow of the combustion gases and the off-gases produced thereby, whereas when, in most all of these prior ovens, the direction of the flow of these gases is 05 changed, as in reversing, all the previous regulations are disarran ed, as the intensities of the heat in the dil crcnt tlues is modified and reversed, besides which, the frictional losses, due to the movements of the gases account of the different paths taken by said gases, causing a variation of ow, temperature and heat. On the other hund, by means of my construction, the adjustment and regulation of the combustion gases once made, is substantially maintained without much change, while the length and arrangement of ducts and fines remains constant, thereby condncing to ease and regularity of operation and maintenance of the ovens, all of which will be readily understood bv one skilled in this art.

It will thus bo seen that the construction of my oven is distinctive in that the llow ot' beatin ases throurh the vertical heating flues o tigie same is a ways in the same direction, and is easil regu ated and controlled by means adapte( for this purpose, while the air for combustion of the same is heated by the off-gases by means of the regenerators and is supplied in a heated condition to the fuel gas, the direction of the hot air and that of the off-gases being the only change in these-respects which has to be made during the o eration of heating the ovens.

Alt ough I have Shown blowers such as 1Q and 13 for supplying air for combustion, I may dispense lwith these and Voperate by stack-draft alone, and although I have shown regenerators of cylindrical form, one at each end of the battery, I may make these of rectangular or other form and disposition, as will be readily understood by thosc skilled in this art.

Although I have shown and described m) invention in considerable detail, I do no wish to be limited to the exact and specith details shown and described, but may us such substitutions, modifications or equiva lents thereof, as are embraced within th scope of my invention, or as pointed out ii the claims.

Having thus described my invention, wha I claim and desire to secure by Letters Pat ent is 1. A coke oven provided with a plnralit of heating iiucs in the side walls thereo gas and air mixing chambers, means fr introducing fuel gas and combustion a into said mixing chambers, regenerate adapted to he alternately connected by mir (lues with the oil-gases and with the cor bastion air, whereby the latter is heated, ar means for reversing the' direction of lc of said combustion air and the oil-1 ases the main flues, while the flow of uel g and combustion air is maintained in a co stunt direction in said heating flues, snbsta tially as described.

2. A coke oven provided witha plurali through the said flues is modified on being of heating ihres ot inverted U-form, gas and air mixing chambers at the lower ends of one of each of the legs thereof means for introducing fuel-gas and combustion air into said mixing chambers, re nerators adapted to be alternately connecte with the oil-gases and with the combustion air,wherc by t ie latter is heated, and means for reversthe direction of the flow of said combustion air and oil-gases through said rcgcncrators, while the iiow of fuel gas and combustion air is maintained in a constant direction through said heating lues.

8. A .coke oven provided with mixing chambers and oil gas chambers, a plurality of heating (lues in the side walls of the oven, longitudinal hot air tlues and off-gas flues adapted to be connected with the entrance and exit ends thereof, respectively, main hot air lues and main oi-gas flues connectin with the respective longitudinal ilues throug said mixing chambers and said off gas chambers respectively, re encrators adapted to be connected with sai main tlues and means for reversing the direction of the flow of the hot air and off-gases throu h the same and means for supp `ying the uel grits an hot air in constant directions throug said heating flues.

4. In a retort oven of the class described, a lurality of double heatin iiues in the si e walls thereof, mixing c ambers provided with air and gas supply connected with the up-draft legs of the said flues eifas chambers connected with the down-draft egs of said heating fines, a main hot air fiue connectin with said mixing chambers, a main o'- as ue connecting with said oilgas cham rs, regenerators adapted to be connected with said main hot air and ot-gas tlues, means for reversing the direction of the flow of the gases in said regenerators and main flues, and means for furnishing a continuous supply of fuel gas to said mixing chambers.

In a retort coke oven of the class described, a plurality of double heatin flues of inverted U-form in the side walls t ereof, mixing chambers connected with the lower ends of one of each pair of legs, a fuel gas ing dnl et tu patent may bo obtained for and hot air supplv connected with said mixing chambers, o -gas chambers connected with the down-draft legs of the said heating lines, longitudinal hot air llues connected with said mixing chambers and with a main het air flue, longitudinal oil-gas llues connected with the down-draft legs of said heating flues, and with a main oil-gas llue, reqencrators adapted to he connected with said main air and oil-gas llucs, means for reversing the direction of the llow of the gases in said main flues and formaintaining a constant direction of the {low of fuel gas and combustion air through said heating (lues.

6. In a coke oven of the class described, )rovided with a plurality of duplex heating flues in the side walls thereof, means for supplying fuel gas and combustion air to the tip-draft legs of each of said (lues, means for withdrawing the olf-gases from the lower ends of the other legs of said flues, regenerators and main l'lues connecting with hot air and oil'- as ends of said heating lues, and means or reversing the direction of flow in said main flues, the total len fth of ducts from regenerator to regenerator or said ases being substantiall equal.

7. n a coke oven of the c ass described, a plurality of duplex heatin flues in the side walls thereof, a correspon ing plurality of fuel glas openings connecting with one leg of eac of the said duplex flues with means for regulatin the flow of gas there-through, off-gas chain ers and iues connecting with the other legs of said duplex heating tlues and with a main off-gas flue a main hot air flue adapted to supply combustion air to said fuel gas and means for reversing the direction of flow of said combustion air and olf-gases in the said main ilues, while maintaining the flow of fuel gas and combustion air in a constant direction through said heatin flues.

n testimon whereof I hereto aflix my signature in t e presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR E. PETERS. Witnesses:

Giio. E. Tir/romeu', Emma Snaviii'.

nu cents elch, by addressing the "Commissioner o! Patents.

Wulllltol, D. 0."

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