US1178551A - Cementation and hardening of iron and steel articles. - Google Patents

Cementation and hardening of iron and steel articles. Download PDF

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Publication number
US1178551A
US1178551A US4303115A US1178551A US 1178551 A US1178551 A US 1178551A US 4303115 A US4303115 A US 4303115A US 1178551 A US1178551 A US 1178551A
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Prior art keywords
iron
hardening
cementation
heating
steel articles
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Georg Stolle
Alfred Hocks
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/04—Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/4673—Plural tanks or compartments with parallel flow
    • Y10T137/4857—With manifold or grouped outlets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87676—With flow control
    • Y10T137/87684—Valve in each inlet

Definitions

  • This invention relates to amethod of effectively employing the surface treatment of iron and steel articles for the purpose of improving their quality and more par- 7 ticularly to the cementation or hardening of iron.
  • cementation or hardening of iron is usually efi'ected by casehardening, viz. by embedding the article in the case-hardening material and heating the Whole to incandescence in a special furnace.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks and to rovide a hardening process in which pac 'ng of the articlein material and heating the whole piece'is avoided; 1 a
  • a further object of the-invention is to simultaneously efi'ect'in the useof the process improvements in the quality of the metal other than hardening and in fact such other improvements in quality may-in some cases form the sole object of the process.
  • the invention consists of a method for locally heating the article and simultaneously spraying suitable material onto the heating region.
  • the vgas-blowpipe consistslof two tubes e and 1 one of .w-hlch, surrounds the other. and the end of theficonduit a;
  • the outer tube e is in communication with aconduit e for com pressed air or; gas while the tube f which 'surrou'nds the end of .the conduit 0 and is itself surrounded by the tube e, co1nmunicates with a conduit 1" for theheating gas.
  • conduits e and F as well a's'the conduit v o are provided withsuitable'cocks k.
  • the cooks is of .the conduits e and f are opened and the y I stream of fluid flowing from the gas-blow pipe 01 is lighted.
  • the piece a is moved past the flame'of the gas-blow pipe d by any suit able means (not shown) and heated to red heat over that portion of the surface which" it is desired to harden.
  • conduit 0 is opened and pulver'ulent carbon in any suitable form, such for example as pure carbon, binary, or ternary, or higher an or gas current and simultaneously sprayed on to the heated region.
  • The, cock k of the compressed'air conduit 9 is opened at the same time as cock is of conduit c.
  • the carbon may also be carried through the source of the heat and sprayedon to the ar- 9 5 i alloy of nickel, chromium, vanadium, tung sten molybdenum and the like, is sucked off from the reservoir 6 by the compressed ticle by a'current of compressed; air or gas I capable of regulation. Furthermore a gas rmxture may be conducted under. ressure to be projected on to'the heated'sur cc of the iron hardened.
  • a suitable regulation of pressure and vof gas or air supply or both
  • the resulting imperfect combustion of the gas may be made to produce a deposit of carbon.
  • the material sprayed on to the metal may consist of metals or metallic alloys having a low percentage of carbon or free from carbon.
  • Such material as boron and silicon or their compounds may also be used.
  • the source of heat used for heating the portion of the surface to be treated may be a flame fed with suitable'combustible material either solid or fluid or in the form of gas or vapor.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Description

G. STOLLE & A. HOCKS.
CEMENTATION AND HARDENING OF IRON AND STEEL ARTICLES. I
APPLIQATION FILED JULY 31. 1915.
1., 178,551. Patented Apr. 11,1916.
CEMENTATION Am) nnnnnnme or IRON ,ANDSTEEL ARTIIECLES,
To all whom it may oonoerm ALFRED HOOKS, subjects of the German'Emperor, and residing at Kiel, Germany,- have invented certain new and useful Improvements in ,Cem'entation and lrlardening of Iron and Steel Articles; of; fol-&l
.' lowing'isa specification.
This invention relates to amethod of effectively employing the surface treatment of iron and steel articles for the purpose of improving their quality and more par- 7 ticularly to the cementation or hardening of iron.
As is well known the cementation or hardening of iron is usually efi'ected by casehardening, viz. by embedding the article in the case-hardening material and heating the Whole to incandescence in a special furnace.
The packing of the article in the case-har-' dening material and the'subsequentheating to incandescence and cooling of the whole mass of iron takes up much time. In many cases also owing to the form and'weight of a particular article it is diflicult or impossible to insert it into the furnace.
The object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks and to rovide a hardening process in which pac 'ng of the articlein material and heating the whole piece'is avoided; 1 a
A further object of the-invention is to simultaneously efi'ect'in the useof the process improvements in the quality of the metal other than hardening and in fact such other improvements in quality may-in some cases form the sole object of the process.
The invention consists of a method for locally heating the article and simultaneously spraying suitable material onto the heating region.
Our invention will be best understood by reference to the following description in connection with'the accompanying illustration of one specific embodiment thereof.
The drawing shows in vertical section suitable apparatus by means of which our invention may be effectively carried out,
parts of such-apparatus being shown in side p Specification of Letters Patent. j Application filedJ'ifly 31, 1915. Serial No. 43,031;
atented ain, 1916.
- bottom of which is connected means of Be it known that we, GEoRo S'roLLn and 7 y "NrrED sTATES-P O i GEORG STOLLE AND ALFRED HOCK S, OF GERMANY.
a conduit 0, with agasblow-pipe do The vgas-blowpipe consistslof two tubes e and 1 one of .w-hlch, surrounds the other. and the end of theficonduit a; The outer tube e is in communication with aconduit e for com pressed air or; gas while the tube f which 'surrou'nds the end of .the conduit 0 and is itself surrounded by the tube e, co1nmunicates with a conduit 1" for theheating gas.
The conduits e and F as well a's'the conduit v o are provided withsuitable'cocks k. The
vacuum produced by the stream-"of fluid or by the flame flowing from thet'ubes e and f of the gas-blow pipe I? c auses' the material m to be-sucked ofi' from -the conduit 0 and face of the piece a, For the fromobstru ction a conduit 9 for compressed air or gas 1s connected to the reservoir 6 near its bottom, said conduit being a1so pro-- vided with a suitable cock 7c.
.In carrying the invention into efiect, for
example in hardening iron, the cooks is of .the conduits e and f are opened and the y I stream of fluid flowing from the gas-blow pipe 01 is lighted. The piece a is moved past the flame'of the gas-blow pipe d by any suit able means (not shown) and heated to red heat over that portion of the surface which" it is desired to harden. I .v
After the piece a has attained the at slred color over that portion of the" surface which it is desired to harden the cock is. of
conduit 0 is opened and pulver'ulent carbon in any suitable form, such for example as pure carbon, binary, or ternary, or higher an or gas current and simultaneously sprayed on to the heated region. The, cock k of the compressed'air conduit 9 is opened at the same time as cock is of conduit c.
Once the desired degree of hardness is'obtained, all of the cooks lo are closed. .The carbon may also be carried through the source of the heat and sprayedon to the ar- 9 5 i alloy of nickel, chromium, vanadium, tung sten molybdenum and the like, is sucked off from the reservoir 6 by the compressed ticle by a'current of compressed; air or gas I capable of regulation. Furthermore a gas rmxture may be conducted under. ressure to be projected on to'the heated'sur cc of the iron hardened. By a suitable regulation of pressure and vof gas or air supply or both,
the resulting imperfect combustion of the gas may be made to produce a deposit of carbon.
When it is desired merely to improve the quality, for example of an article made of iron containing already in itself a sufiiciently high percentage of carbon, then the material sprayed on to the metal may consist of metals or metallic alloys having a low percentage of carbon or free from carbon. Such material as boron and silicon or their compounds may also be used.
The source of heat used for heating the portion of the surface to be treated may be a flame fed with suitable'combustible material either solid or fluid or in the form of gas or vapor.
' What we claim is 1. The method of improving the quality of iron and steel articles by surface treat ment which consists in the application of means for locally heating the article and simultaneously spraying suitable material onto the heated region by means of said heating means.
2. The method of cementation or hardening for an article constructed of iron or steel which consists in subjecting a portion of the surface of said article to a heating medium, and in locally applying suitable hardening material by means of said heating medium.
3. The method of improving the quality of iron and steel articles by surface treatment, which consists in locally heating the article with a heating flame and simultaneously spraying suitable material on to the heated region, by means of said flame.
4. The method of cementation or hardening for. an article constructed of iron or steel which consists in subjecting the iron or steel to the heating etlects of a heating medium, and in the local application of hardening material to the heated iron or steel by means of said heating medium.
5. The method of surface treatment of iron and steel articles already containing a sufficiently high percentage of carbon which consists in the application of means for locally heating the article and simultaneously spraying on to the heated region by said heating means metals, metallic-alloys or other suitable material.
In testimony whereof we aflix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.
' GEORG STOLLE. ALFRED HUCKS.
Witnesses:
JULIUs Rorxn, WILHELM KRfITZFELDT
US4303115 1915-07-31 1915-07-31 Cementation and hardening of iron and steel articles. Expired - Lifetime US1178551A (en)

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Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418200A (en) * 1939-07-20 1947-04-01 Linde Air Prod Co Mineral working apparatus
US2444899A (en) * 1943-04-21 1948-07-06 Linde Air Prod Co Blowpipe apparatus for thermochemically removing metal
US2451422A (en) * 1945-03-24 1948-10-12 Linde Air Prod Co Thermochemical removal of metal with a flux-forming powder in the oxygen cutting stream
US2463342A (en) * 1943-04-24 1949-03-01 Sol B Wiczer Metallic coatings
US2491440A (en) * 1947-02-05 1949-12-13 Bastian Blessing Co Apparatus for flame-cutting metal
US2504526A (en) * 1947-09-03 1950-04-18 Linde Air Prod Co Oxy-fuel gas powder laden cutting oxygen nozzle
US2505049A (en) * 1945-03-31 1950-04-25 Linde Air Prod Co Electric powder control
US2536742A (en) * 1949-03-26 1951-01-02 Hammond Harris Apparatus for treating perlite ore
US2536201A (en) * 1946-04-19 1951-01-02 Linde Air Prod Co Thermochemical metal removal method and apparatus
US2572078A (en) * 1947-05-09 1951-10-23 Charles R Upham Iron powder dispenser
US2622548A (en) * 1947-12-09 1952-12-23 Nat Cylinder Gas Co Flux powder control for flame cutting
US2633332A (en) * 1946-11-08 1953-03-31 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Flame process
US2643622A (en) * 1943-04-21 1953-06-30 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Blowpipe
US2685544A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-03 Wearex Corp Production of vanadium carbide surfaced wear-resistant bodies
US2685545A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-03 Wearex Corp Production of carbide-surfaced wear-resistant ferrous bodies
US2685543A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-03 Wearex Corp Production of chromium carbide surfaced wear resistant ferrous bodies
US2723927A (en) * 1953-10-20 1955-11-15 Harmon And Company Method of scale free flame heating of metals
US3136664A (en) * 1959-12-15 1964-06-09 Sedis Transmissions Mec Steel transmission chain
US3650515A (en) * 1970-05-21 1972-03-21 Seichi Okui Metal powder spray cutting apparatus

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418200A (en) * 1939-07-20 1947-04-01 Linde Air Prod Co Mineral working apparatus
US2444899A (en) * 1943-04-21 1948-07-06 Linde Air Prod Co Blowpipe apparatus for thermochemically removing metal
US2643622A (en) * 1943-04-21 1953-06-30 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Blowpipe
US2463342A (en) * 1943-04-24 1949-03-01 Sol B Wiczer Metallic coatings
US2451422A (en) * 1945-03-24 1948-10-12 Linde Air Prod Co Thermochemical removal of metal with a flux-forming powder in the oxygen cutting stream
US2505049A (en) * 1945-03-31 1950-04-25 Linde Air Prod Co Electric powder control
US2536201A (en) * 1946-04-19 1951-01-02 Linde Air Prod Co Thermochemical metal removal method and apparatus
US2633332A (en) * 1946-11-08 1953-03-31 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Flame process
US2491440A (en) * 1947-02-05 1949-12-13 Bastian Blessing Co Apparatus for flame-cutting metal
US2572078A (en) * 1947-05-09 1951-10-23 Charles R Upham Iron powder dispenser
US2504526A (en) * 1947-09-03 1950-04-18 Linde Air Prod Co Oxy-fuel gas powder laden cutting oxygen nozzle
US2622548A (en) * 1947-12-09 1952-12-23 Nat Cylinder Gas Co Flux powder control for flame cutting
US2536742A (en) * 1949-03-26 1951-01-02 Hammond Harris Apparatus for treating perlite ore
US2685544A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-03 Wearex Corp Production of vanadium carbide surfaced wear-resistant bodies
US2685545A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-03 Wearex Corp Production of carbide-surfaced wear-resistant ferrous bodies
US2685543A (en) * 1951-01-17 1954-08-03 Wearex Corp Production of chromium carbide surfaced wear resistant ferrous bodies
US2723927A (en) * 1953-10-20 1955-11-15 Harmon And Company Method of scale free flame heating of metals
US3136664A (en) * 1959-12-15 1964-06-09 Sedis Transmissions Mec Steel transmission chain
US3650515A (en) * 1970-05-21 1972-03-21 Seichi Okui Metal powder spray cutting apparatus

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