US1155974A - Treatment of metals. - Google Patents
Treatment of metals. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1155974A US1155974A US65275611A US1911652756A US1155974A US 1155974 A US1155974 A US 1155974A US 65275611 A US65275611 A US 65275611A US 1911652756 A US1911652756 A US 1911652756A US 1155974 A US1155974 A US 1155974A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- metals
- metal
- treatment
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000010210 aluminium Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100001010 corrosive Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
- C23C10/48—Aluminising
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S122/00—Liquid heaters and vaporizers
- Y10S122/13—Tubes - composition and protection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
Definitions
- This invention relates to the art of coating or otherwise treating metals so as to protect themagainst the effects of oxidation and other similar corrosive agencies and has for its object the production of a coating upon a metal normally subject to cor rosive' action or a condition within the metal such that it is capable of withstanding the oxidizing and corrosive influence without harmful effect.
- This invention relates more specifically to the treatment of such metals as copper and iron which readily oxidize.
- copper oin'dizes very readily even at moderate temperatures.
- Iron at moderate temperatures, oxidizes slowly if unprotected but at high temperatures the rate of oxidation is so rapid as to render its use almost prohibitive.
- One of the objects of my invention is to treat iron, copper and similar metals so as to produce such a condition upon the surface of the metal or within it that it may be heated to a high temperature for practically an indefinite period without any deleterious eifect upon the metal.
- I employ the metal aluminum for producing the desired condition.
- iron, copper and similar metals when heated with aluminum powder to a suitable temperature and under suitable conditions arrive at such a condition.
- a protective alloy of copper and aluminum will be formed upon the surface of copper. This is accomplished by bringing aluminum powder into contact with the copper and heating to a proper temperature under conditions which prevent oxidation of the copper.
- One method which I have found to be very successful in practice is as follows: The aluminum powder is thoroughly mixed with a certain percentage of sal ammoniac and zinc and the articles to be treated are placed in an oven and surrounded by the powder mixture. The oven is then completely closed Specification of Letters Patent.
- A' section through a piece of copper thus treated discloses a distinct outer ring of the alloy having a depth which may vary from .001 of an inch, up to 1/64 of an inch or even thicker, depending upon the length of time the metal is under treatment.
- This coating is very hard and tough and is so firmly coherent that it is impossible to separate it from the copper.
- the coating is practically unaffected by high temperature and is unaffected by corrosive acids.
- Copper thus treated will be found to have innumerable uses, among which might be mentioned the soldering iron in which it is only necessary to expose the. copper at the extreme end, leaving the remainder of the copper protected against oxidation and corrosion. Copper electrodes for lamps, furnaces, etc., will have their life greatly prolonged by being thus treated.
- the treatment of iron ispractically identical with that of copper.
- the same mix-' ture may be used as well as the same temperature and the length of time which the metal is treated may be the same.
- the coating is not so distinct. This may be due to the fact that the coating is considerably thinner for a given treatment than it would be with copper. The result, however, is the same in that the iron will not oxidize even at high temperatures. I have taken a wire thus treated and kept it at a red heat for over 200 hrs. without any apparent oxidation.
- an oxidizable metal having its surface alloyed with another metal to form an alloy which is inoxidiz able at high temperatures.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
TYCHO VAN ALLER, OF SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.
TREATMENT OF METALS.
No Drawing.
T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, TYCHO VAN ALLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Treatment of Metals, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to the art of coating or otherwise treating metals so as to protect themagainst the effects of oxidation and other similar corrosive agencies and has for its object the production of a coating upon a metal normally subject to cor rosive' action or a condition within the metal such that it is capable of withstanding the oxidizing and corrosive influence without harmful effect.
This invention relates more specifically to the treatment of such metals as copper and iron which readily oxidize. As is well known, copper oin'dizes very readily even at moderate temperatures. Iron, at moderate temperatures, oxidizes slowly if unprotected but at high temperatures the rate of oxidation is so rapid as to render its use almost prohibitive.
One of the objects of my invention is to treat iron, copper and similar metals so as to produce such a condition upon the surface of the metal or within it that it may be heated to a high temperature for practically an indefinite period without any deleterious eifect upon the metal.
In carrying out my invention in one aspect I employ the metal aluminum for producing the desired condition. I have found that iron, copper and similar metals when heated with aluminum powder to a suitable temperature and under suitable conditions arrive at such a condition. I have found that under suitable conditions a protective alloy of copper and aluminum will be formed upon the surface of copper. This is accomplished by bringing aluminum powder into contact with the copper and heating to a proper temperature under conditions which prevent oxidation of the copper. One method which I have found to be very successful in practice is as follows: The aluminum powder is thoroughly mixed with a certain percentage of sal ammoniac and zinc and the articles to be treated are placed in an oven and surrounded by the powder mixture. The oven is then completely closed Specification of Letters Patent.
Application filed October 4, 1911.
and slowly rotated. A temperature of about 450 C. is maintained within the oven and the treatment continues for about two hours. :After the metal is taken out of the oven it 1s fired at a temperature of between 700 and 800 C. for about fifteen or twenty minutes. One mixture which has been found to produce excellent results contains 70% aluminum, 23% sal ammoniac, 7% zinc. Instead of zinc I may employ graphite. I have found, for instance, that a mixture of aluminum, 30% graphite, 10% sal ammoniac produces very good results. When this mixture is employed the temperature may be raised with advantage to 700 C. The final product has the outward appearance of aluminum bronze and may be given a high polish. A' section through a piece of copper thus treated discloses a distinct outer ring of the alloy having a depth which may vary from .001 of an inch, up to 1/64 of an inch or even thicker, depending upon the length of time the metal is under treatment. This coating is very hard and tough and is so firmly coherent that it is impossible to separate it from the copper. The coating is practically unaffected by high temperature and is unaffected by corrosive acids. Copper thus treated will be found to have innumerable uses, among which might be mentioned the soldering iron in which it is only necessary to expose the. copper at the extreme end, leaving the remainder of the copper protected against oxidation and corrosion. Copper electrodes for lamps, furnaces, etc., will have their life greatly prolonged by being thus treated.
The treatment of iron ispractically identical with that of copper. The same mix-' ture may be used as well as the same temperature and the length of time which the metal is treated may be the same. In the case of iron, however, the coating is not so distinct. This may be due to the fact that the coating is considerably thinner for a given treatment than it would be with copper. The result, however, is the same in that the iron will not oxidize even at high temperatures. I have taken a wire thus treated and kept it at a red heat for over 200 hrs. without any apparent oxidation.
It should be understood, of course, that while I have described a particular process for bringing about the desired result, I do not limit my invention thereto since other methods may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention. I have found, for instance, that if the metal is sim ply brought into contact with the aluminum powder under suitable temperature conditions and in an atmosphere which Will prevent oxidation, that a coating such as I have described, may be produced. By the process described, however, I am able to produce a more uniformly satisfactory result and the depth of the coating may be controlled more easily. I desire to have it understood, therefore, that my invention is in no sense limited to the particular process herein specified, nor to the particular article described, except in so far asthey are limited by the scope of the claims annexed hereto.
.What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,
1. The process of rendering metals inoxidizable which consists in heating the same under non-oxidizing conditions in contact with a powdered mixture containing alumi num and a chlorid.
2. The process of rendering metals inoxidizable which consists in heating the same under non-oxidizing conditions in contact with a powdered mixture containing aluminum and ammonium chlorid.
3. As a new article of manufacture, an oxidizable metal having its surface alloyed with another metal to form an alloy which is inoxidiz able at high temperatures.
4. As a new article of manufacture, a metal having on its surface an alloy of aluminum with the metal which alloy is inoxidizable at high temperatures.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 3d day of October, 1911.
TYOI-IO VAN ALLER.
Witnesses:
BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFoRn.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US65275611A US1155974A (en) | 1911-10-04 | 1911-10-04 | Treatment of metals. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US65275611A US1155974A (en) | 1911-10-04 | 1911-10-04 | Treatment of metals. |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1155974A true US1155974A (en) | 1915-10-05 |
Family
ID=3224032
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US65275611A Expired - Lifetime US1155974A (en) | 1911-10-04 | 1911-10-04 | Treatment of metals. |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1155974A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2757445A (en) * | 1950-04-04 | 1956-08-07 | Duraloy Company | Hard surface composite article and method of making |
US2916337A (en) * | 1956-06-18 | 1959-12-08 | Borg Warner | Composite bonded article |
US3065107A (en) * | 1954-09-29 | 1962-11-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of aluminum coating |
US3249456A (en) * | 1962-11-09 | 1966-05-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Diffusion coating process |
US3516805A (en) * | 1966-01-31 | 1970-06-23 | Nakao Netsukagaku Kenkyusho Kk | Electrodes for electric resistance welding and method of manufacture thereof |
US3607369A (en) * | 1968-09-11 | 1971-09-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for forming porous aluminum layer |
EP0054765A1 (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-30 | Abex Corporation | Process for making aluminised castings |
US10822710B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2020-11-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Aluminized metallic scaffold for high temperature applications and method of making an aluminized metallic scaffold |
-
1911
- 1911-10-04 US US65275611A patent/US1155974A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2757445A (en) * | 1950-04-04 | 1956-08-07 | Duraloy Company | Hard surface composite article and method of making |
US3065107A (en) * | 1954-09-29 | 1962-11-20 | Gen Motors Corp | Method of aluminum coating |
US2916337A (en) * | 1956-06-18 | 1959-12-08 | Borg Warner | Composite bonded article |
US3249456A (en) * | 1962-11-09 | 1966-05-03 | Union Carbide Corp | Diffusion coating process |
US3516805A (en) * | 1966-01-31 | 1970-06-23 | Nakao Netsukagaku Kenkyusho Kk | Electrodes for electric resistance welding and method of manufacture thereof |
US3607369A (en) * | 1968-09-11 | 1971-09-21 | Union Carbide Corp | Method for forming porous aluminum layer |
EP0054765A1 (en) * | 1980-12-22 | 1982-06-30 | Abex Corporation | Process for making aluminised castings |
US10822710B2 (en) | 2016-07-06 | 2020-11-03 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Aluminized metallic scaffold for high temperature applications and method of making an aluminized metallic scaffold |
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