US1850997A - Production of resistant silver surfaces - Google Patents
Production of resistant silver surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1850997A US1850997A US315934A US31593428A US1850997A US 1850997 A US1850997 A US 1850997A US 315934 A US315934 A US 315934A US 31593428 A US31593428 A US 31593428A US 1850997 A US1850997 A US 1850997A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- articles
- production
- manganese
- resistant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 27
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 26
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010946 fine silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/52—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation more than one element being diffused in one step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
- Y10T428/1275—Next to Group VIII or IB metal-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12778—Alternative base metals from diverse categories
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component
Definitions
- the resistance of silver towards these agents is based substantially on the insolubility of the superficial coating of silver chloride formed. Frequently, as for example in the case of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid, this resistance is not great enough to fulfill technical requirements. It has already been suggested to increase the chemical resistance' of silver by alloying it with certain base metals which are absorbed by the silver and form therewith a solid solution. Utensils made of such materials can be employed in many cases.
- metals which are suitable for the said purpose copper, tin, cadmium, zinc, antimony, aluminum, thallium, magnesium, and in particular manganese and manganese aluminium alloys, may be mentioned.
- Metals of a low melting point such as tin or antimony are preferably used in the form of al loys of a higher melting point, such as for instance antimony containing 18.2 per cent of aluminium.
- The. process can be carried out, for example, by treating the surface of the article which it is desired to protect, in an inert atmosphere and at temperatures above 500 C. but below the melting point of the components, with the desired metal which forms solid solutions rich in silver with the silver,
- said metal being in the form of powder.
- the improvement of the surface area herein described is not restricted to articles of solid silver, but can also be applied to silver plate.
- silver deposited on the basis metal, such as copper, should preferably be thicker than is usually the case, since the high temperature required for the process also produces diffusion at the margin between the basis metal and the plating, that is to say, reduces the thickness of the latter.
- the superficial silver alloy produced according to the present invention is inseparably united with the substratum.
- Example 1 the coating of The silver article which is thoroughly cleaned with an abrasive, is embedded in finely powdered manganese or a manganese aluminium alloy, prepared by melting, for ex-- ample by the aluminothermal process and containing, for example, about per cent to be completely surrounded by the powder.
- the article is then heated to between 600 and 960 centigrade for a considerable time, say for several hours, in an inert atmosphere, the temperature and duration of the heating being dependent on of manganese, so as the desired thickness of the diffusion layer.
- What I claim is 1. As'new articles of manufacture, silver articles having a highly resistant surface of an alloy of silver with a metal less electropositive than silver and capable of forming solid solutions with silver, said surface being supported by a less resistant silver-containing material.
- silver articles having a highly resistant surfaceofan alloy of silver with manganese, said surfacelbeing supported by a less resistant silver-containing material.
- silver articles having a highly resistant surface of an alloy of silver with manganese and aluminium, said surface being supported by a less resistant silver-containing material.
Description
Patented Mar. 29, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FARBENIN'DUSTRIE AKTIENGESELLS CHAFTi MANY, A. CORPORATION OF GERMANY OF FBANKFORT-ONTHE-MAIN,' GER TRODUOTION 0F RESISTANT SILVER SURFACES No Drawing. Application filed October 29, 1928, Serial No. 815,934, and in Germany November fi, 1927.
rosive action of liquids or vapors containing chlorine, hydrochloric acid, solutions of chlorides and the like has to be considered.
The resistance of silver towards these agents is based substantially on the insolubility of the superficial coating of silver chloride formed. Frequently, as for example in the case of concentrated aqueous hydrochloric acid, this resistance is not great enough to fulfill technical requirements. It has already been suggested to increase the chemical resistance' of silver by alloying it with certain base metals which are absorbed by the silver and form therewith a solid solution. Utensils made of such materials can be employed in many cases.
I have now found that strong resistance to corrosion is obtained, in a very simple and advantageous manner, even in the case of finished articles of silver or of insufficiently resistant alloys rich in silver, by treating the surface which is to be protected,at temperatures above 500 0., but below themelting points of the components, with a metal less electropositive than silver or with an alloy of such a metal, capable of forming with the silver solid solutions which are rich in silver.
As metals which are suitable for the said purpose copper, tin, cadmium, zinc, antimony, aluminum, thallium, magnesium, and in particular manganese and manganese aluminium alloys, may be mentioned. Metals of a low melting point such as tin or antimony are preferably used in the form of al loys of a higher melting point, such as for instance antimony containing 18.2 per cent of aluminium. By means of this treatment the preparation of alloys by melting, prior to the manufacture of the appliances or articles, is rendered superfluous. On the con-- 'trary, the finished silver articles, even when the same have already been used, can be .provided with protective coatings in the specified manner, and thereby provided with an excellent power for resisting corrosion,'as
though the said articles were made'of the silver alloys. Owing to the greater hardness of the solid solutions, the mechanical properties of the said; articles, if made of pure'silver, are also substantially improved.
The. process can be carried out, for example, by treating the surface of the article which it is desired to protect, in an inert atmosphere and at temperatures above 500 C. but below the melting point of the components, with the desired metal which forms solid solutions rich in silver with the silver,
said metal being in the form of powder.
The improvement of the surface area herein described is not restricted to articles of solid silver, but can also be applied to silver plate. silver deposited on the basis metal, such as copper, should preferably be thicker than is usually the case, since the high temperature required for the process also produces diffusion at the margin between the basis metal and the plating, that is to say, reduces the thickness of the latter. The superficial silver alloy produced according to the present invention is inseparably united with the substratum.
The following example will further illustrate the nature of the said invention which however is not limited thereto.
Example In this latter case, the coating of The silver article which is thoroughly cleaned with an abrasive, is embedded in finely powdered manganese or a manganese aluminium alloy, prepared by melting, for ex-- ample by the aluminothermal process and containing, for example, about per cent to be completely surrounded by the powder. The article is then heated to between 600 and 960 centigrade for a considerable time, say for several hours, in an inert atmosphere, the temperature and duration of the heating being dependent on of manganese, so as the desired thickness of the diffusion layer.
By modifying these two factors, it is possible to extend the superficial improvement to any desired depth and to vary the superficial 1 content of manganese. or manganese aluminmm 1n accordance with the required chemical and mechanical resistance. If only parts of the surface of a silver article, such as the inside of a tube, are to be treated, the article need onl be covered by the powder in such parts. he finished work can be scoured with emery or the sandblast, and then polished like fine silver.
What I claim is 1. As'new articles of manufacture, silver articles having a highly resistant surface of an alloy of silver with a metal less electropositive than silver and capable of forming solid solutions with silver, said surface being supported by a less resistant silver-containing material.
2. As new articles of manufacture, silver articles having a highly resistant surfaceofan alloy of silver with manganese, said surfacelbeing supported by a less resistant silver-containing material.
, 3. As new articles of manufacture, silver articles having a highly resistant surface of an alloy of silver with manganese and aluminium, said surface being supported by a less resistant silver-containing material.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.
a PETER ASSMANN.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1850997X | 1927-11-05 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1850997A true US1850997A (en) | 1932-03-29 |
Family
ID=7745999
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US315934A Expired - Lifetime US1850997A (en) | 1927-11-05 | 1928-10-29 | Production of resistant silver surfaces |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1850997A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2539246A (en) * | 1944-10-07 | 1951-01-23 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Method of making aluminum clad steel |
| US2569149A (en) * | 1945-10-19 | 1951-09-25 | Joseph B Brennan | Bimetallic structure |
| US3037880A (en) * | 1952-05-09 | 1962-06-05 | Gen Motors Corp | Coating of titanium and titanium alloys with aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US5614327A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1997-03-25 | Sarthoise De Revetements Electrolytiques | Process for protecting a silver or silver-coated part |
| US20060246313A1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of reducing corrosion of silver containing surfaces |
| US20090270588A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2009-10-29 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Process for producing dichloropropanol |
-
1928
- 1928-10-29 US US315934A patent/US1850997A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2539246A (en) * | 1944-10-07 | 1951-01-23 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Method of making aluminum clad steel |
| US2569149A (en) * | 1945-10-19 | 1951-09-25 | Joseph B Brennan | Bimetallic structure |
| US3037880A (en) * | 1952-05-09 | 1962-06-05 | Gen Motors Corp | Coating of titanium and titanium alloys with aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| US5614327A (en) * | 1994-09-09 | 1997-03-25 | Sarthoise De Revetements Electrolytiques | Process for protecting a silver or silver-coated part |
| US20090270588A1 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2009-10-29 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Process for producing dichloropropanol |
| US20060246313A1 (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-02 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of reducing corrosion of silver containing surfaces |
| US7575665B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2009-08-18 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Method of reducing corrosion of silver containing surfaces |
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