US10790743B2 - Individual module, electrical converter system, and battery system - Google Patents

Individual module, electrical converter system, and battery system Download PDF

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US10790743B2
US10790743B2 US15/748,465 US201615748465A US10790743B2 US 10790743 B2 US10790743 B2 US 10790743B2 US 201615748465 A US201615748465 A US 201615748465A US 10790743 B2 US10790743 B2 US 10790743B2
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switching elements
module
energy storage
interconnection
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US20180219478A1 (en
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Stefan Götz
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02J2007/0067—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an individual module for providing an electrical converter system or a battery system, and also to a corresponding electrical converter system and to a corresponding battery system.
  • batteries may be hardwired units comprising individual parts, such as e.g. individual cells or partial batteries. Such batteries substantially provide a DC voltage at an output.
  • loads require e.g. an AC voltage having a specific frequency, amplitude and/or phase.
  • the DC voltage is not constant over the state of charge.
  • the loads In order to operate the loads connected to the battery both at a peak voltage and at an end-of-charge voltage and to be able to draw the demanded power, the loads have to have complex supply circuits.
  • the circuit If the voltage required by a load deviates greatly from the battery voltage, the circuit, as the result of a so-called low modulation index, causes high losses and high distortions in the output voltage provided for the load.
  • a motor vehicle having an electric drive that concerns the drive, in particular, which at low speeds generally requires an AC voltage having a low amplitude.
  • the distortions which are generally brought about by pulse width modulation, there additionally load a provided insulation of a motor and thus have an adverse effect on the lifetime of the motor.
  • An additional factor is that, on account of the variation in the physical and chemical behavior of the battery cells, complex monitoring of the battery cells has to be provided in order to enable a uniform state of charge of the battery cells.
  • an electrical power converter In order to provide an output voltage required by a load, an electrical power converter is used as a supply circuit.
  • Various types of power converters serve to convert direct current into alternating current (inverter), alternating current into direct current (rectifier), or to adapt the frequency and amplitude of an AC voltage (converter). Accordingly, power converters may have different topologies.
  • an AC voltage required by the bad could also be generated by dynamically switching an interconnection of a corresponding battery.
  • switching elements are dynamically switched such that energy storage of the battery are present either in parallel connection and/or in series connection.
  • a battery is referred to as a switched battery.
  • a modulation index to be provided i.e. a characteristic value of a corresponding frequency modulation, can be kept at a maximum for all amplitudes.
  • the losses even decrease at low voltages because an effective internal resistance decreases as a result of a parallel connection of battery parts of a switched battery.
  • a switched battery in which the energy storage can be switched back and forth between a parallel connection and a series connection generates an almost distortion-free output voltage since steps between the voltages of two configurations can be kept very small.
  • modulation can be effected by switching modulation between such voltages in order to carry out further smoothing.
  • Electrical converters a subtype of electrical power converters, convert DC voltage into AC voltage. Topologies for electrical converters are known e.g. from DE 10 2010 052 934 A1, which is incorporated by reference herein, and DE 10 2011 108 920 B4, which is incorporated by reference herein.
  • the individual modules comprise at least four internal switching elements, at least one energy storage element and at least four terminals, two of which terminals respectively form a first and a second terminal pair.
  • the internal switching elements of each individual module are embodied such that they can optionally connect one or both terminals of each terminal pair to the energy storage element.
  • the switching elements of the respective individual modules in the series connection of the at least two individual modules connect their respective energy storage elements to the terminals of the series connection such that the energy storage elements are optionally connected in series or in parallel.
  • Switching elements which are situated on the same individual module can be driven with accurate timing, i.e. with a sufficient simultaneity.
  • switching elements are activated or deactivated with a time delay, as is, necessarily the case e.g. in other solutions known from the prior art, high losses can arise on account of shunt currents or else on account of an intentional slowing down of the switching.
  • the internal switching elements are low-voltage semiconductor switching elements. That is to say that the maximum voltage for which the switching elements are designed is significantly less than the total voltage of a system constructed from a plurality of individual modules, for example at the maximum voltage of the individual module with which the switching elements are associated, which is defined by the energy storage of the individual module.
  • the switching elements which for dynamically switching an electrical connection between the at least one energy storage and a corresponding at least one energy storage of the at least one second individual module are situated on the same individual module. Therefore, the switching elements need only be designed for low voltage and inexpensive low-voltage components known from consumer electronics can be used. In contrast to low-voltage components, high-voltage semiconductor switching elements that are customary at the present time are produced only in very small numbers and, are more than proportionally expensive as a result.
  • Modern MOSFET components (abbreviation of: metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) are particularly ideal for use in an embodiment of the individual module according to aspects of the invention since their operating curve progresses linearly through a zero point of a current-voltage diagram and, therefore, they have no voltage offset, as a result of which MOSFETs can be connected in parallel very well.
  • an electrical converter system using a least one individual module according to aspects of the invention and a battery system according to aspects of the invention using at least one individual module according to aspects of the invention are provided.
  • FIG. 1 shows one exemplary embodiment of an individual module according to aspects of the invention which represents a two-quadrant module.
  • FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of an individual module according to aspects of the invention having redundant load paths.
  • FIG. 4 shows one exemplary interconnection of a plurality of individual modules according to aspects of the invention.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show further exemplary embodiments of an individual module according to aspects of the invention which represents a two-quadrant module.
  • the individual module 10 illustrated comprises two terminals 14 a, 14 b on a first side (on the left in FIG. 1 ).
  • the individual module 10 comprises two further terminals 18 a, 18 b on a second side (on the right in FIG. 1 ), such that the individual module 10 comprises a total of four terminals 14 a, 14 b, 18 a, 18 b.
  • the terminals 14 a, 14 b, 18 a, 18 b of a side are respectively configured to form a terminal pair, A terminal pair or the terminals 14 a, 14 b, 18 a, 18 b serve for electrically connecting the individual module 10 to to an adjacent individual module 10 or to nodes for connecting individual modules in parallel and forming side strings ( FIG. 4 ).
  • An energy storage 12 is connected between the terminals 14 a, 14 b of the first side.
  • the energy storage 12 is directly connected to at least one of the two terminals 14 a, 14 b. It is conceivable that an electrical fuse and/or a switching element or the like can be connected directly upstream and/or downstream of the energy storage 12 .
  • the individual module 10 comprises at least five switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 .
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are arranged such that they connect the terminals 14 a, 14 b of the first side to the terminals 18 a, 18 b of the second side and are interconnectable such that they can interconnect the energy storage 12 of the individual module 10 according to aspects of the invention in parallel or in series with a corresponding energy storage of a neighboring individual module of the same type (not shown) or can bridge the energy storage 12 .
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 ,, 16 - 8 that are required for the different switching states (parallel connection, series connection, bridging, deactivation) between two energy storage of adjacent individual modules are present on an individual module 10 .
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 can be driven with a minimum potential difference between the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 .
  • the terminal 14 a of the first side can be connected to the terminal 18 a of the second side via the switching elements 16 - 1 and 16 - 2 .
  • the terminal 14 a can be connected to the terminal 18 b of the second side via the switching element 16 - 3 .
  • the terminal 14 b of the first side can be connected to the terminal 18 b of the second side via the switching elements 16 - 7 and 16 - 8 . It is thus possible to realize all the discussed switching states for dynamically switching the electrical connection between the energy storage 12 and a corresponding energy storage of an adjacent individual module.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 have to be closed.
  • the terminal 14 a is electrically connected to the terminal 18 a and the terminal 14 b is electrically connected to the terminal 18 b,
  • the switching element 16 - 3 is in an open switching state in this case.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a further embodiment of an individual module 20 according to aspects of the invention.
  • the fundamental construction of the individual module 20 in FIG. 2 comprising one energy storage 12 , four terminals 14 a, 14 b, 18 a, Nth is identical to that of the individual module 10 in FIG. 1 .
  • the individual module 20 comprises six switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 , 16 - 7 .
  • the terminals 14 a, 14 b can be connected to the terminals 18 a, 18 b and all required switching states (parallel, series, bypass interconnection, deactivation) can be established.
  • switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 , 16 - 7 specific switching states can be optimized regarding their losses vis-à-vis other switching states and thus enable an individual adaptation of the individual module 20 for corresponding applications.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 and 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 are closed.
  • the switching elements 16 - 3 and 16 - 7 are then in an open switching state.
  • a bypass interconnection of the energy storage 12 of the individual module 20 can be achieved by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 and 16 - 2 when the switching elements 16 - 3 and 16 - 5 to 16 - 7 are open.
  • a further bypass interconnection is achieved if only the switching elements 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 are closed and the switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 3 and 16 - 7 are open.
  • FIG. 3 shows yet another embodiment of the individual module 30 according to aspects of the invention.
  • the construction comprising four terminals 14 a, 14 b, 18 a, 18 b and one energy storage 12 substantially corresponds to the topologies already described in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the individual module 30 according to aspects of the invention now comprises eight switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 .
  • the switching elements illustrated in FIG. 3 allow two parallel paths for almost all connections between the energy storage 12 and a corresponding energy storage of an adjacent individual module of the same type (as is illustrated e.g. in FIG. 4 ).
  • the switching elements are correspondingly used in parallel.
  • switching elements as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 described above can be eliminated in order to reduce the complexity.
  • the remaining switching elements should then be implemented with correspondingly larger semiconductors, however, in order to enable the same current-carrying capacity.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 and 16 - 2 form a path which is in parallel with the path formed by the switching elements 16 - 3 and 16 - 4 and leads to the same target, i.e. to the terminal 14 a or to the terminal 18 a depending on the direction.
  • the switching elements 16 - 5 and 16 - 4 form a path which leads to the same target as the path formed by the switching elements 16 - 7 and 16 - 2 , namely to the terminal 14 b or to the terminal 18 a depending on the direction.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 and 16 - 8 form a path which leads to the same target as the path formed by the switching elements 16 - 3 and 16 - 6 .
  • the switching elements 16 - 7 and 16 - 8 form a path which is in parallel with the path formed by the switching elements 16 - 5 and 16 - 6 and leads to the same target, namely to the terminal 14 b or 18 b depending on the direction.
  • Two-quadrant modules allow any type of interconnection of storage of two adjacent individual modules, that is to say a parallel interconnection of storage, a bypass interconnection of storage and a series interconnection of storage.
  • two-quadrant modules enable only one polarity direction, Consequently, only positive voltages and 0 V can be generated in a module string.
  • freewheeling diodes of those switches without antiparallel switches allow an uncontrollable current flow in at least one direction.
  • the semiconductor demand and the ohmic losses (conduction losses) are significantly lower than in the case of four-quadrant modules.
  • a reverse current through the load for example in the case of inductive loads
  • the system for example having a Marquardt macrotopology
  • Four-quadrant modules likewise allow any type of interconnection of storage like the two-quadrant modules.
  • four-quadrant modules allow both polarities in the case of series interconnections of storage. Consequently, it is possible to reverse the polarity of individual modules with respect to a neighboring individual module.
  • four-quadrant modules have the advantage that they are short-circuit-proof, particularly if the load of a string or else of a phase module is short-circuited, since each current path allows a control of the current flow in both directions in principle by virtue of antiparallel switches.
  • FIG. 5 shows a module 60 having substantially a construction of the module 10 from FIG. 1 .
  • the switching element 16 - 3 has merely been replaced by the switching element 16 - 6 , but the latter lies on the same current path.
  • the module 60 thus also has a two-quadrant topology and enables the same functions as the module 10 from FIG. 1 .
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show further individual modules according to aspects of the invention.
  • the module 70 comprises the five switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 7 and 16 - 8 .
  • the module 80 comprises the five switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 7 and 16 - 8 .
  • an opposite polarity is made possible in the case of a series interconnection of the energy storage.
  • the construction of the modules 70 and 80 is identical to the embodiments already described.
  • the parallel interconnection and the bypass interconnection correspond to the switching states of the modules 10 and 60 .
  • a series interconnection of the energy storage 12 can be achieved by closing the switching element 16 - 5 when the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 and 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • said series interconnection is achieved by correspondingly closing the switching element 16 - 4 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a further two-quadrant module 90 according to aspects of the invention.
  • the module 90 comprises six switching elements 16 - 2 to 16 - 5 and 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 .
  • This individual module 90 can also enable all types of interconnection of adjacent energy storage. For a parallel interconnection of the adjacent energy storage, for example, the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 and 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are closed.
  • the switching elements 16 - 2 and 16 - 5 are open for a parallel interconnection.
  • the switching elements 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 are closed.
  • the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • a further series interconnection could be achieved by closing the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 7 when the switching elements 16 - 3 to 16 - 5 and 16 - 8 are open.
  • a third possibility for a series interconnection is afforded by a combination of the two alternatives mentioned above, that is to say closing the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 7 and 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 when the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • For a bypass interconnection it is merely necessary to enable a path from one side of the module 90 to the other side of the module 90 , such that a plurality of switching states are possible for this interconnection.
  • the switching elements 16 - 3 and 16 - 4 could be closed while the remaining switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • the switching elements 16 - 7 and 16 - 8 could also be closed while the remaining switching elements 16 - 2 to 16 - 5 are open.
  • FIGS. 9 to 11 show even further two-quadrant modules 100 , 110 , 120 comprising six switching elements of varying arrangement, which enable the envisaged interconnections of the energy storage 12 by way of corresponding switching states of the respective switching elements.
  • a series interconnection could be realized by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 8 and/or the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 6 when the remaining corresponding switching elements are open.
  • a parallel interconnection could be realized for example by closing the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 while the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 6 are open.
  • a bypass interconnection could be realized for example by closing the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 or 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 while the remaining corresponding switching elements are open.
  • a series interconnection could be realized by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 8 and/or the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 6 when the remaining corresponding switching elements are open.
  • a parallel interconnection could be realized for example by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 while the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • a bypass interconnection could be realized for example by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 or 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 while the remaining corresponding switching elements are open.
  • a series interconnection could be realized by closing the switching elements 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 and/or the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 7 when the remaining corresponding switching elements are open.
  • a parallel interconnection could be realized for example by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 while the switching elements 16 - 4 , 16 - 7 are open.
  • a bypass interconnection could be realized for example by closing the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 or 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 while the remaining corresponding switching elements are open.
  • FIGS. 12 to 14 show further four-quadrant modules 130 , 140 , 150 comprising six switching elements.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 and 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 4 and 16 - 8 could be opened.
  • the switching elements 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 are dosed and the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 6 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • a further second series interconnection is achieved if the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 8 -are closed and the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 4 to 16 - 6 are open, said second series interconnection having an opposite polarity with respect to the first series interconnection mentioned above.
  • the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 4 bis 16 - 6 and 16 - 8 could be kept open, or only the switching elements 16 - 5 , 16 - 6 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 2 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 8 could be opened.
  • the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 and 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 2 and 16 - 6 could be opened.
  • the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 7 are closed and the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 6 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • a further second series interconnection is achieved if the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 6 are closed and the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are open, said second series interconnection having an opposite polarity with respect to the first series interconnection mentioned above.
  • the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 6 to 16 - 8 could be kept open, or only the switching elements 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 2 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 6 could be opened.
  • the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 and 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 1 and 16 - 5 could be opened.
  • the switching elements 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 are closed and the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 are open.
  • a further second series interconnection is achieved if the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 8 are closed and the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 7 are open, said second series interconnection having an opposite polarity with respect to the first series interconnection mentioned above.
  • the switching elements 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 5 , 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 could he kept open, or only the switching elements 16 - 7 , 16 - 8 could be closed and the switching elements 16 - 1 , 16 - 3 , 16 - 4 , 16 - 5 could be opened.
  • the individual modules 10 , 20 , 30 , 60 , 70 , 80 , 90 , 100 , 110 , 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 shown can be passivated in a system comprising a plurality of individual modules 10 , 20 , 30 , 60 , 70 , 80 , 90 , 100 , 110 , 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 if none of the respective switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 8 is activated, that is to say that the respective switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 8 are all open, and the respective switching elements 16 - 1 to 16 - 8 have an antiparallel diode.
  • a current can flow into the individual modules 10 , 20 , 30 , 60 , 70 , 80 , 90 , 100 , 110 , 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 , wherein the individual modules 10 , 20 , 30 , 60 , 70 , 80 , 90 , 100 , 110 , 120 , 130 , 140 , 150 themselves balance one another.
  • the energy storage 12 are charged, the polarity of the voltage present at the system being insignificant for the charge of the energy storage 12 .
  • FIG. 4 shows one exemplary interconnection of a plurality of individual modules 30 .
  • a series connection of a plurality of individual modules 30 forms a string, such that a plurality of side strings can be formed.
  • different side strings can also he interconnected in parallel with one another.
  • power converter systems such as, for example, an electrical converter system 40 according to aspects of the invention with the use of at least one capacitor as energy storage 12 , or an interconnectable battery system 50 according to aspects of the invention with the use of partial batteries or battery cells as energy storage 12 .
  • a plurality of individual modules 30 are interconnected with one another.
  • the individual modules 30 have the function of a partial battery.
  • Providing a plurality of partial batteries 30 which are interconnected with one another and are dynamic in the interconnection makes it possible to dynamically reconfigure a hitherto hardwired battery in its interconnection.
  • the at least one energy storage 12 of a partial battery 30 can be connected either in parallel and/or in series with at least one energy storage 12 of a neighboring partial battery, as a result of which the battery 50 can be dynamically reconfigured during operation. Consequently, the battery 50 can directly provide DC voltage, AC voltage or other forms of voltage.
  • batteries 50 and/or individual modules or partial batteries 30 can also be bridged, e.g. for the case where they are defective.
  • the energy storage 12 of the at least two mutually interconnected partial batteries 30 according to aspects of the invention can be switched between a parallel connection of the energy storage 12 of the at least two partial batteries 30 , a series connection of the at least two partial batteries 30 , a bridging and a switching-off of individual energy storage of the at least two partial batteries 30 .
  • the dynamic reconfiguration of the interconnection of the partial batteries 30 makes it possible to combine the following functions, inter alia, namely charge exchange between the partial batteries 30 in order to be able to carry out conventional battery management, for example, bridging of defective partial batteries without losing the total function of the battery and generating arbitrary output voltages and temporal current and/or voltage profiles directly by means of the battery, without the need for an additional power electronic converter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
US15/748,465 2015-07-30 2016-04-04 Individual module, electrical converter system, and battery system Active 2037-04-15 US10790743B2 (en)

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DE102015112512.9A DE102015112512A1 (de) 2015-07-30 2015-07-30 Einzelmodul, elektrisches Umrichtersystem und Batteriesystem
DE102015112512.9 2015-07-30
DE102015112512 2015-07-30
PCT/EP2016/025030 WO2017016674A1 (de) 2015-07-30 2016-04-04 Einzelmodul, elektrisches umrichtersystem und batteriesystem

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WO2017016674A1 (de) 2017-02-02
US20180219478A1 (en) 2018-08-02
CN107852092A (zh) 2018-03-27
JP6600406B2 (ja) 2019-10-30
DE102015112512A1 (de) 2017-02-02
JP2018521625A (ja) 2018-08-02
CN107852092B (zh) 2020-07-03
KR102048167B1 (ko) 2019-11-22

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