US1068365A - Centrifugal pump, turbine, and compressor. - Google Patents

Description

E. S. G. REBS.

GENTRIPUGAL PUMP, TURBINB, AND COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION I'ILED NOV. 22, 1907.

Patented July 22, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SEEET l E. s. G. REBS.

GENTRIFUGAL PUMP, TURBINE, AND COMPRESSOR.

AYPLIOATION FILED NOV. 22, 1907.

1.068,365. Patented July 22, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEBT 2.

E. S. G. REES.

GENTRIFUGAL PUMP, TURBINE, AND COMPRESSOR.

APPLICATION FLBD NOV.z2,1907.

Lp, Patented July 22, 1913.

4 SHEBTSwSEET 3.

@d/W @fw /gfm E. S. G. REBS. GBNTRIPUGAL PUMP, TURBINE, AND COMPRESSOR. APPLIGATION FLED NOV. 22, 1907.

l.; Patented July 22, 1913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

l I l l M gw Z712 .U6/z for? Zrvzzljzd Reels EDHND SCTT GUSTPJE BEES,

incassa. f

' ain or other gas, orfgasesinay be connectedl y natively be place in communication lWithuthe.' i passage or passagesrwithin .the arotjorf,casing`` into which the fluid isdischarged rpmfthef' 5a Turbines, and Compressors, of which the ample as an air compressor.`

Ipassages', that is 'to say `at or vWithin the n 'pointatA which ,the liquid leaves the rotary able known means.' 1

or DUN To all 107mm fz' may/ concern:

Be it'known that'l, EDMUND Scol'l GUS- 'ravis Enns, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at Dunscar, Oaken, near lllolverhaniptoii, iii the county of Stafor-d, England, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Centrifugal Pumps,

following a specilication. K

krThis invention relates primarily to the application of apparatus such as described in the yspecifications oi my pending appli-v cations of 1,3.September 1906 Serial N0`. 334,456 and of 22 June 1907 Serial No. 380347 to the extraction of air and other non-condensable gases, and their delivery, if desired, under pressure s that such apparatus may be adapted ito be'used, for ex- The essential feature of such apparatus consists in a rotary chamber in Which a con-Y siderable body of liquid is stored and maintained at a high pressure and from which it is discharged at a high velocity through a constricted peripheral outlet or outlets into an expanding passage er passages or chaur ber in'a fixed casing surrounding the rotary reservoir so that there will be produced at the constriction of the dischargeipassage or member, a cbnsiderable vaiuum which is utilized for the exhaustionofair or other nonsure to a receiver, the velocity at Which'the gasesrare e]ected from the rotary member being converted into pressure by any suit The space to be exhausted the source with the interior of the dischargeoutlet or" outlets of the rotor which `for this purpose consist of one or more peripheral 0,093 Q Istrictio-ns from, which the fluid is discharged' in anannular sheet or sheets or mayfalte'r rotor Y sonni, CAREN, Nennen Wonunniniixir'roii,

vogriifrnisUsaL ruiarj'risiinii, Ann COMPRESSOR.

n The apparatus may also'be applied to eX- tract energy from air or other gas or gases under pressure, in Which case the source of Patenteaauiyaaiais. .f

the gas or gases may be placed in cominu nication with the interior of the discharge outlet of the rotor or of the passage Within the casing, and the ases mixed with the Water before or after eing discharged from the rotor. ln theformer case the energy or part oiE the energy 4derivable from the pres-il sure of the' gases is given upjto the rotor,

and in the latter case the mixed gases and1 Water are led to a second rotor of the same or other suitable character and their energy givenl up thereto. In both cases the temperature of the gases, Which initially inay be 4very great, for example in the case of a gas turbine in lwhich the pressure gases are derived from the explosion of a combustible VriniXture, is reduced at. an early stage to such af value as 'will practically eliminate the destructive effects of such hot gases on the apparatus.

.In the accompanying drawings: Figures 1, 2, 3, are diagrammatic illustrations of the principles underlying the invention; Figsulu la show-diagrammatically forms of gas and,4

Water nozzles, the 'former with contracting outlets; Figs. 5, 5a, 6 and G show gas nozzles. with expanding outlets; Figs. T 'and S are respectively a longitudinal sectionandside sectional elevation of an iinpeller; Fig. 9 is :Li-modified annular ductl Yfor the impeller shown in lFigs. 7 and S; Figs. 10, ll, l2 and 13, are modified gas ain. Water nozzles; Figs. 14,14, 15, and 15,a modified' poi-tunis` of au impeller; Figs. 16, 1G and 1Gb are respectively a transverse sectional elevation, alonkgitudinal sectionfiind'a part soutien on line ABAof Fig. 1G of a gas turbine oi' extractor; and .Figui 17 shows diagraininiitically the ,application of the ini/'entiou to an air com- 'piessor; i .Y

The principles underlying the invention canbeillustratedv byTeference to` Figs. l, 2 and 3cr' the accompanying 4drawings in `jwhich'liig. l shows 'a reservoir A containing li'q'uidliinder pressuredue tograrity, which: pressii'reispartially` converted into velocity at''the interrupted Inozzle -C andtheyelocity re-converted into pressure in the chamber B. The air or gas, being usually at higher pressure than, the liquid at the interrupted nozzle, is drawn into the liquid stream at that 'stream and mixes with it, increasing its increased vacuum at thatpoint is obtained .by means of a second chamber. D having 4a discharge nozzle C at a lower level than velocity.

In Fig. 2 the liquid passage is not completely interrupted at the point lC where the gas is admitted, and the velocity of the mixed stream is converted into pressure by being led through an expanding passage to a lower part D of the same reservoir. This pressure is converted into velocity and the velocity reconverted into pressure in the discharge reservoir B by means of 'the discharge nozzle and expanding passage leading to the said reservoir as in the case of Fig. 1. f

In. Fig. 3 the increased flow of liquid through the'noz'zle C and the consequently the chamber A, directedltoward an expand- :ing passage leading into the discharge reservoir B. i

According to the present invention, instead of producingthe pressure in the liquid by gravitation as in the above illustration, the pressure is created by means of a rotary pressure producing .chamber or impeller of the character described in the specification of l-Sept. 1906 S. No. 334456 in which the discharge outlet o-f the impeller may consist of a series of peripheral nozzles, or it may be of a continuous peripheral slot.

In thecase of a gas extractor or air com pressor in which the gas is admitted to the liquid stream at a pressure which does not greatly exceed that of vthe liquid at that point, the gas'inlet passage or passages Flwould contract to the point ot junction with the liquid passage F, as shown i'n Figs. 4, 4, while in the case of a gas turbine in which the pressure of the gas is considerable, its

. potential energy is extracted by conversion into kinetic energy on its passage through the discharge nozzles, and for this purpose the gas inlet passages are .made after the, well known Delaval type of expansion nozzle and are directed witlrthe liquid stream against. the direction of rotation of the pressure producing chamber as shown in Figs.

' 5, 5, (5 and 6. Fitting a nozzle of this character iuto'the water discharge nozzles of the in-ipeller, it will be seen that for an exhausting pump the passage through which the gas is discharged into the liquid stream will be cut oif at the point ofimaximum constriction as shown at. E in the single duct nozzle of Fig. 4 and in the multiple duet nozzle ofFig. 4, an'd will be directed substantially toward the point of maximum con` striction of the water discharge nozzle F. In the case of a gas turbine, on the other hand, the gas expansion nozzle will include a greater -or less length of outwardly iiaring passage E which is directed rearwardly into the water stream as shown in Figs. 5 and 5a.

ln Figs. 6 and 6, a constructional Jform of gas and water nozzles is shown which may be applied either to gas extractors or gas turbines, and the advantage of which is that, being circular in cross section, both the water nozzles F and the gas nozzles E may be drilled out, the water nozzles being formed in two half rings G, G2, which are afterward bolted together and are ar anged to be held in position partly by the laterally extending gas branches H in which the gas nozzles are formed. As shown in the drawings the gas nozzles E are expansion nozzles adapted for a turbine and are co-axial with the water nozzles F, but obviously the same construction may be applied to gas extractors having nozzles such as shown in Figs. 4, 4a.

The above Lmentioned or other suitable arrangements of nozzles may be applied to any of the forms of apparatus hereinafter described, the drawings illustrating which are for the most part to be regarded merely as diagrammatic and not as exhibiting the actual constructional details. i

Figs. 7 and S sho an impeller of t 1e kind described in the specifi-ation of 13 Sept. 1906 S. No. 334456 showing` one way in which the said impeller may be adapted for the purposes of the present invention. This particular tol-m of impeller is not only balanced by making both the water and the air or othergas or gases to enter at both sides of the impeller but is also duplicated in another respect' by the addition of an impeller of larger diameter on the same plane as the first impeller, in the manner indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 2 in the ease of gravitationally produced pressures, so as to maintain or i11crease-tl1e 'acuun'l at the discharge nozzles of the inner impeller by thev suction oi. the outer impeller, the issuing stream of mixed water and gas being rearwardly directed on leaving'the outer iin.

peller so as' to utilize the speedrnergy of the stream in turbine ell'eet by reaction on the revolving wheel.

The water enters the iiupelier at the Vtwo opposite eyes 0,- c. into the two sets ot' water passages j', f', which converge into a cent-ral annular duct ,r/ or alternatively to a series of peripheral nozzles, on either side of which duet or nozzles are annular gas chambers z, L, into which the air or is admitted by any suitable connection from the space to be exhausted of such air or gas.

-t'acilitate the admixture of the water with noeees 4 The walls of the duct g are perforated at intervals by la series of gas ducts i connecting the chambers fr, fr', with rhewater duct y at or near the point of maximum constriction of the latter. `Alternatively the walls of the inner and outer impellers may be in terrupted by a continuous annnlar'duct lo as shown in Fig. 9, the two impellers being connected by ties or Webs such as 0. he duct g expands into the outer pressure producing chamber into which the mixed stream is discharged, this chamber forming an external pump impeller having preferably rearwardly directed discharge nozzles j at its periphery such as described in the specification already referred to.

To prevent any possibility of aggregation of gas in the chamber j in the region of minimum pressure, this region is con nected by ducts 7'2 with. the discharge nozzles j so as to extract such uncondensed gases. To check any such tendency to an aggregation of gas, and to .anse the water to revolve with the chamber, the external chambei' is also preferably subdivided by vanes js as shown.

The entraining or admixture of the air or gases with the liquid stream may be edected or facilitated if the water is projected in jets or sprayed into the various compartments j into which the gas nozzles z' deliver, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, and 12 and 13, the mixed stream or' gas and water being discharged through common peripheral discharge nozzles y" into the expanding ducts of the outer casing not4 shown in these figures. In Figs. 12 and 13 lthe water passages are fitted with spiral distributors 7c to give a rotatory motion to the issuing jets of water in the known manner so as to the gas in the compartments j.

In the impeller illustrated in Figs. 14.- and 14a, only a proportion of the water nozzles are used for the extraction of gases and these nozzles g, may be designed as shown with a greater constriction than the remainder of the nozzles, followed by an expansion so as to give a high vacuum in the chambers fz. it", gas chiots fi, and gas nozzles z". 4

F 15 and 15, show a modification of the construction of Figs. 10 and 11, in which the discharge nozzles f of the impeller a are inwardly directed as described in specification of 13 Sept. 1906 S. blo-334456, with reference to Fig. 6 of the drawings of that specification. The streams of water issuing from the flozzles f are directed at a high velocity into fixed casing 0, which is in communication with the gas inlet pipe c,

and which is preferably Aresigned as shown to give a rotary' movement to the mixed stream of Water and the gas entrained therewith by means bf the internal spiral guides or ribs o. The casing o has a contracting channel which delivers the mixed stream into` an expanding pipe or into the, eye ot a second impeller avmounted'on. the sameshaft as the impeller a and dischargingV into expanding ducts in the lixed casing leading to the delivery pipe d. As shown in the drawing'the gas or air may in part be drawn in with the stream entering the eye of the second impeller.

rl`he complete machine which is represented in Figs. 16, 16'bl and 16b may be adapted either as a gas extractor or as a gas turbine, the gas nozzles in the latter case being of the character illustrated in Fig. 5. The water and gas are in this case bothadmitted to the two sides of the central partition of the impeller a, the water by the pipe l) and the gas by the pipe c, so as to balance end thrust on the shaft bearings, and

the joint stream-is discharged from the pel,

ripheral nozzles g into expanding ducts in the iixed casing formed by the vcut-waters Z. The same reference letters are applied to these figures as have been used for corresponding parts in the constructions hereinbeiore described.

In an air compressor as represented in F ig. 17, both the suction pipe t) and 'delivery pipe (l of an apparatus such as illustrated in Fig. 16 are connected with the air receiver p into which the mixed stream of air and water are delivered under pressure :trom

the impeller casing, the air being sucked in by the action of the impeller as already described through the air inlet pipe c. Baftles g may be provided in the receiver to aid the separation of the air and water.

ln each of the constructions above described whether in the case ot a vacuum pump, com]' ressor, or gas turbine it will be noted that a mass of liquid raised to a considerable pressure by rotation of a containing` reservoir, and this pressure is in part converted into velocity by means'of a suitably formed constricted outlet or outletsI from the' pressure producing chamber or reservoir thereby reducing the pressure locally and entraining the air or other gas or by what may be called the Venturi effect, the speed energy of the mixed streambeing afterward converted into pressure or utilized in a suitable turbine as hereinbetore described.

Having thus described the nature of this invention and the best means l know of carrying the same into practical effect, l

claim A rotary vacuum pump compressor or gas turbine comprising a rotor which is ing from said reservoir to the periphery of In testimony whereof I huye `signed my the r'otor, said passages comprising comname to this specication in th presence of partments connected' by ducts With a supply two subscribing Witnesses.

vof gas and short; constrcted discharge noz- EDMUND SCOTT GrUSIAVE` REES. zles, and means for projecting the liquid in \Vtnesses:

the reservoir` into the said compartments OLIVER 'INNAL in a sub-divided condition. JOSEPH MILLARD.

v Copiesof this patent ma'y be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents'.

Washingtonl D. C. A

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