US2333150A - Atomizer - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 2, 1943. w; s. BQWEN ATOMIZER Filed Aug. 27, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet l FIG.2.

BY W m I WLQQ ATTORNEY Nov. 2, 1943. w. s. BOWEN 2,333,150

ATOMIZER Filed Aug. 27, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Flea.

INVENTOR W/u MM VCE/PfiM/AW A T TORNE Y Nov. 2, 1943. w. s, BOWEN 2,333,150

ATOMI ZER Filed Aug. 23, 2,41 4 SheetsSheet s INVENTOR wan/115 564? anew W If 2 TTORNEY Nov. 2, 1943.

w. s. BOWEN 2,333,150

ATOMIZER Filed Aug. 27, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 BYNGTJMWVW A TTORNE Y Patented Nov. 2,,1/1943 UNITED STATES PATENT "OFFICE.

. 2,333,150 t i a ATOMIZER William Spencer Bowen, Westfl eld, N. J; ApplicationAugust 27, 1941, Serial No. 403,451

3 Claims. The present invention relates to atomizing mechanisms and embodies, morespecifically, an

improved form of atomizer in which atomization is rendered more effective by the utilization of high kinetic or velocity energy.

More particularly, the invention embodies an improved form of rotary atomizer in which the liquid to be atomized is fed into the device axially thereof and is subjected to curved radially disposed rotating vanes to produce increased velocity and consequent impact due to the change in direction of the liquid flowing through the vanes. It is contemplated, in accordance with the present invention, to provide a rotary atomizer having two or more stages, this being accomplished by providing alternate courses of rotating and stationary vanes. the stationary vanes curving in a direction opposite to that of the rotary vanes, thus to change the direction of travel of the fluid passing through the stationary vanes in order that it may be directed A further object of the invention is to provide an atomizer of the above character wherein the energy of the stream flowing through the mechanism is as far as possible kinetic or velocity energy which results in the building up of extremely high velocities to produce a microscopically thin filmof liquid passing over the vanes at the outer edges thereof, thus to produce microscopically small atomized particles.

The foregoing and other objects are realized in a rotary atomizer having a plurality of courses of vanes producing, in effect, a compound action on the liquid by providing alternate rotary and stationary stages in advance, the curvatures of the respective vanes being, of

opposite direction in order to change the direc-- tion of the velocity of the streams and by the tapering effect of the adjacent surfaces of adjacent vanes to build up pressure which results in greatly increasing the velocity of the streams in the several stages.

A further and more specific object of the invention is to provide an improved supercharging mechanism embodying the features of the .wherein':

compound atomizer above referred to. This supercharging mechanism enables the exhauststood fully. In this connection, referencewill now be hadto the accompanying drawings,

Fig. 1 is a view in section, taken through a compound atomizer constructed in accordance withv the present invention.

Fig.2 is a view in'section, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. l and lookingin the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 3 is a view in vertical section, taken in a plane lying inthe axis of the mechanism and showing the. preferred form of exhaust driven I turbine utilized by the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a view similarto Fig. 3, showing the compressor that is driven by the turbine of Fig. 1. In this connection, Figs. 3 and 4, when taken together, illustrate the complete assembly of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a detail enlarged view, 1 in section,

taken on the line 55 .of Fig. 3 andlooking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 4 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig; 7 is a view similar to Fig. 5, taken on the line 'l---! of Fig. 4 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, an atomizer or spray mechanism is illustrated as being formed of acasing I, in whicha drive shaft 2 is Jour- .naled. The casingis formed with a passage! through which a substance to be atomized may be fed to a feed nozzle 4. The feed nozzle extends downwardly into a rotating head formed of a plate 5 which is secured to rotate with the,

i As illustrated in Fig. 2,; each vane is' formed of two curved plates 9' and 9", being secured in position to provide passages 9 between the ad jacent plates of adjacent vanes. The passages 9 curve in the manner shown and taper in such extremely heretofore.

I left-hand end of an exhaust sulating material 29.

fashion that the cross-sectional area of the passages diminishes as the fluid progresses radially outwardly through the passages.

In view of the tapering and curved formations of the vanes, the pressure upon the fluid flowing through the atomizer increases as the fluid progresses radially outwardly. This pressure is transformed into high kinetic or velocity energy and because of the change of direction by reason of the different curvature of the surfaces of the curved and stationary vanes, the velocity of the fluid increases tremendously. It will be seen that the velocity increase continues cumulatively in each of the rotary and stationary vanes and until the fluid reaches the periphery of the wheel. In compressible fluids, therefore, the compression of the fluids is increased substantially, whereas with fluids such as water or oil, the result will be the building up of pressures. As a result, the fluid or liquid leaving the atomizer is travelling under high velocity and the fllm is, accordingly, thin. When this thin fllm strikes the air, it forms into the extremely small and microscopic particles. Inasmuch as the mechanism is such as to increase the velocity of the liquid to be atomized very substantially over the velocity of the rotating head, it is possible to rotate the head at a relatively low speed and yet attain velocities of great magnitude in the liquid leaving the periphery of the atomizer. For example, by 'proper design, peripheral speeds of the liquid leaving the atomizer in the order of 30,000 to 40,000 feet per minute, can be achieved by rotating the head at approximately 3600 R. P. M. It will be seen that this enables drivingmechanism easily available to be used to rotate the head rather than to require specifically designed high. speed mechanism as has been necessary Referring to Figs. 3 to 7, Fig. 3 illustrates the driven supercharger embodying the present invention, while Fig. 4 shows the right-hand end. If these figures are placed side by side, the entire mechanism will be readily apparent. r

Referring to Fig. 3, the exhaust driven turbine is shown as having a support l formed with a bearing housing andhousing cap |-2. To the housing II and cap l2, there is bolted a casing |3 which is formed with an outwardly. flaring top and bottom outlets |5 and I6. respectively. A front plate "is removably secured to the wall Hand is formed with annular vane supporting surfaces l8 and I9. Centrally of the plate N there is formed aninlet 26 into which the exhaust gases are introduced, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3. Similar wall I4, formed with arrows illustrate the flow of the exhaust gases through the outlets l5 and I6.

Monuted within the bearing II is a drive shaft 2| provided with suitable bearings 22 and sealing rings 23. The drive shaft is formed with a flange plate 24 which may be locked in position by means of a lock 25. A turbine rotor is shown at 26 and is formed with a 'central gas deflecting surface 21 as illustrated, in order that the exhaust gases may be directed effectively into the vanes of the turbine. The central portion of the rotor is hollow as indicated at 28 in order to receive an in A retaining plate 36 is welded or otherwise secured to the rotor 26 and the entire assembly is secured to the flange plate 24 by means of bolts formed with a peripherally The rotor 26 is mounted in such fashion as to flanged extension 32 having annular vane supporting bosses 33 and 34;

Each of the bosses l8, I9, 33 and 34 is provided with a series of vanes, the structure of which is illustrated in Fig. 5. For example, boss I9 has secured thereto by means of bolts 35, side plate 36 between which a series of vanes 31 are secured. This series of vanes is illustrated in Fig. 5 and each of the vanes of the series is formed with a driving plate 38 and a guide plate 39. As shown in Fig. 5, the plates are formed and provide converging fluid passages 40. Boss 33 is formed with a series of vanes 4|, as illustrated in Fig. 5, secured in the same fashion that the series of vanes 31 are secured, and being formed with cooperating guide plates 42 and 43. These guide plates form fluid passages 44 which serve to change the direction of movement of the fluid in order that the energy thereof may rotor 26. The plates 42 thus become the driving vanes or surfaces for the first stage of the impeller.

' Boss I8 is formed with a series of vanes 45 that are formed of plates 46 and 41. The plates 46 and 41 thus provide channels 48 that reverse the flow of the fluid and direct it against the rotor vanes of the final stage, such vanes being indicated generally at 49, and being mounted upon the boss 34. Vanes 49 are to provide channels 52 through which the driving fluid passes, the vanes providing the working surface for the second stage of the impeller.

It will be observed that the formation of the vanes of the several stages is such as to produce a high degree of torque for driving the shaft 2| inasmuch as the passages between the vanes converge as illustrated in Fig. 5. Moreover, the insulating material 29 serves effectively to isolate the shaft 2| from the heat of the exhaust gases.

Referring to Fig. 4, the support with a bearing housing 53 and a cap 54, each of which is flanged to serve as a mounting plate upon which the compressor housing indicated generally at 55 may be mounted. The compressor housing receives the drive shaft 2| which is journaled in bearings 56 and is formed with a circular chamber 51 within which a centrifugal sealing disc 58 is received. The sealing disc is mounted on the drive shaft and serves to prevent the flow of grease into the compressor housing from the bearing 56.

The housing is formed with a flanged portion 59 supporting the exhaust member 60 of the compressor. Exhaust member 60 is formed with an exhaust duct 6| as illustrated in Fig. 4. A central casing member 62 is secured to the casing member 59 and is flanged to receive the forward casing member 63 which is formed with a front wall 64 having an inlet 65. The intermediate or central casing member 62 is formed with an inner stationary wall 66 which serves to support the stator vanes hereinafter to be described.

Shaft 2| extends into the compressor casing and is formed with a hub 61 upon which a rotor plate 68 is mounted. The rotor plate carries two series of rotor vanes, these series being indicated at 69 and 10 in Fig. 6. The rotor vanes 69 are formed by plates 1| and 12 that form converging fluid passages 13 to compress and direct the fluid to a series of stator Vanes which are mounted upon the front plate 64. The stator vanes are formed by plates 15 and 16 to form passages 11 which reverse the direction of motion of the fluid and direct it toward the series of vanes 10 which be utilized to drive the formeddby plates 50 and 5|- ID is provided are formed by plates 18 and 19. These plates 18 and 19 form converging passages 80 to compress the air further and discharge it, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 4, into inwardly extending passage 8|, which is formed with rectifying vanes 82 to take the whirl out of the air. The air under pressure is thus directed from the first wheel formed by the plate 68 to the second.

scribed and will, therefore, be alluded toherein generally and without specific description.- It i will be observed that the air compressed by the vanes 8| will be directed against a series of stator vanes 85 that are mounted upon the plateje, thus having the direction of movement thereof changed so that the air may be again effectively compressed by means of the second stage of retor vanes 86. The next series of vanes 81 mounted upon the stationary plate .68 again reverses the direction of fiow of the air and directs it-tp the final stage of vanes 88 that are mounted upon the plate 82. From the vanes 88 the compressed air is directed to the outlet 8i. v

In order that the compressed air may be mixed intimately with the fuel, the compressor is pro-iivided with a fuel supply pipe,89 that is received axially of? the hub 81 and supplies fuel to a cen-- tral chamber 90 from which it is directed. outwardly radially through pipesill. The centrifugal force of the outwardly moving fuel directs it with 'great force through apertures 92 in the rotor plate-82 and introduces the fuel into the highly compressed air stream Just as'itenters the final compression stage efiected by the-vanes,

88. This results in an effective mixture of fuel and air that is not only homogeneous in character but also is under great pressure and provides 8 an extremely effective source of fuel forsuper- I charging purposes.

While the invention has been described ,with specific reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not to be limited save as defined in the appended claims.

I claim;

1. Super-charging mechanism comprising, in combinatioma turbine, a compressor driven by the turbine, said compressor having an axial in let and peripheral outlet, a rotor for the compressor having first and second wheels, a plurality of stages of vanes on each of the wheels forming convergin passages, a plurality of stages of stator vanes cooperating with the first named vanes, means to direct fluid from the periphery of the first wheel to the center of the second wheel, Inearls; between the two wheels to rectify the flow .ofi'thefluid, and means to introduce fuel into the compressor adjacent the last stage of the second wheel.

2. Supercharging mechanism comprising, in combination; aturbine, a compressor driven by the turbine; -said compressor having an axial inlet and? peripheral outlet, a rotor for the compressor'havi'ng first and second wheels, a pin-- rality'of stages of vanes on each of the wheels forming con-verging passages, a plurality of stages of statorvanes cooperating with the first named vanes, means to direct fluid from the periphery of the first wheel to the center of the second wheel, between the two wheels to rectify the flowm'fthe fluid, means to introduce fuel into the compressor adjacent the last stage of the second wheel, the compressor being formed with a circular chamber, and a grease seal disc on the roto'r' iand received in the circular chamber. Y

3. Supercharging mechanism comprising, in combination, a turbine having a rotor and rotor shaft and a plurality of stages of vanes in the turbine andfo'n the rotor, means to direct exhaust gases into the turbine axially thereof, insulating material on the rotor to obstruct the flow ofthe heat of the exhaust gases to the rotor shaft,,,alcompressor driven by the rotor shaft,

said compressor having an axial inlet and peripheral outlet, at least one stage of stator vanes, a plurality of stages of rotor vanes forming converging passages and cooperating with the said stator vanes respectively, and means to introduce fuel into the compressor adjacent the outlet thereof.

WILLIAM SPENCER BOWEN.

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