US10479923B2 - Cement composition for lost circulation application and method of cementing - Google Patents

Cement composition for lost circulation application and method of cementing Download PDF

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US10479923B2
US10479923B2 US14/907,597 US201314907597A US10479923B2 US 10479923 B2 US10479923 B2 US 10479923B2 US 201314907597 A US201314907597 A US 201314907597A US 10479923 B2 US10479923 B2 US 10479923B2
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cement composition
cement
cements
nanoparticles
silica
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US20160160109A1 (en
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Sandip Prabhakar Patil
Rahul Chandrakant Patil
Krishna M. Ravi
Sheetal SINGH
Trissa Joseph
Marcus Duffy
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Halliburton Energy Services Inc
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Assigned to HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC. reassignment HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RAVI, KRISHNA M., DUFFY, Marcus, PATIL, RAHUL CHANDRAKANT, PATIL, SANDIP PRABHAKAR, SINGH, Sheetal, JOSEPH, TRISSA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • C09K8/487—Fluid loss control additives; Additives for reducing or preventing circulation loss
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
    • C04B12/04—Alkali metal or ammonium silicate cements ; Alkyl silicate cements; Silica sol cements; Soluble silicate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/10—Clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/26—Carbonates
    • C04B14/28—Carbonates of calcium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
    • C04B14/301—Oxides other than silica porous or hollow
    • C04B14/302—Aerogels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/0076—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials characterised by the grain distribution
    • C04B20/008—Micro- or nanosized fillers, e.g. micronised fillers with particle size smaller than that of the hydraulic binder
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/42—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
    • C09K8/46—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement
    • C09K8/467—Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/14—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like for cementing casings into boreholes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00008—Obtaining or using nanotechnology related materials

Definitions

  • Cementing is a common well operation.
  • hydraulic cement compositions can be used in cementing operations in which a string of pipe, such as casing or liner, is cemented in a wellbore.
  • the cemented string of pipe isolates different zones of the wellbore from each other and from the surface.
  • Hydraulic cement compositions can be used in primary cementing of the casing or in completion operations. Hydraulic cement compositions can also be utilized in intervention operations, such as in plugging highly permeable zones or fractures in zones that may be producing too much water, plugging cracks or holes in pipe strings, and the like.
  • a hydraulic cement composition is pumped as a fluid (typically in the form of suspension or slurry) into a desired location in the wellbore.
  • the hydraulic cement composition is pumped into the annular space between the exterior surfaces of a pipe string and the borehole (that is, the wall of the wellbore).
  • the cement composition is allowed time to set in the annular space, thereby forming an annular sheath of hardened, substantially impermeable cement.
  • the hardened cement supports and positions the pipe string in the wellbore and bonds the exterior surfaces of the pipe string to the walls of the wellbore.
  • Hydraulic cement is a material that when mixed with water hardens or sets over time because of a chemical reaction with the water. Because this is a chemical reaction with the water, hydraulic cement is capable of setting even under water.
  • the hydraulic cement, water, and any other components are mixed to form a hydraulic cement composition in the initial state of a slurry, which should be a fluid for a sufficient time before setting for pumping the composition into the wellbore and for placement in a desired downhole location in the well.
  • Conventional cements may be less effective in harsh environments, particularly by using sea or brackish water, such as subterranean formations consisting of total losses. Additionally, the quality of the silicalite may also reduce the efficacy of the cement. Therefore, it is necessary to identify a cement slurry that is useful in lost circulation applications, can be mixed easily, and can handle harsh environments.
  • FIG. 1 shows an illustrative example of an apparatus useful for cementing a wellbore with the cement compositions of the invention.
  • the present invention generally relates to the use of cement compositions in subterranean operations, and, more specifically, to cement compositions for lost circulation applications in harsh conditions and methods of using these compositions in various subterranean operations.
  • a method of cementing a subterranean formation comprises providing a cement composition comprising cementitious material, aqueous base fluid, nanoparticles, synthetic clay, and a thixotropic modifier, wherein the solid materials are about 0 wt % to about 40 wt % of the total weight of the cement composition; introducing the cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.
  • the resulting cement has a solid material content of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of the total weight of the cement.
  • the rheological properties of the cement composition are shear-rate dependent.
  • the viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid decreases with an increase in shear rate.
  • the nanoparticles comprise at least one of nano-silica, nanocarbonate, nanoalumina, and any combination thereof.
  • the nanoparticles are present in the amount of about 0.1 to about 5.0 gal/sack.
  • the nanoparticles have a diameter of about 2 to about 100 microns.
  • the synthetic clay is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of water. Further, in an embodiment, substantially no natural clay is added to the cement composition.
  • the thixotropic modifier may be selected from high surface-area silica, fumed silica, sodium silicate, silicic acid and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the thixotropic modifier is present in the about of about 1% to about 150% bwc. In numerous embodiments, the aqueous base fluid comprises at least one of fresh water; brackish water; saltwater; and combinations thereof, and may be present in the cement composition in an amount of from about 20% to about 80% by weight of cement composition.
  • the cementitious material comprises at least one of Portland cements; gypsum cements; high alumina content cements; slag cements; high magnesia content cements; shale cements; acid/base cements; fly ash cements; zeolite cement systems; kiln dust cement systems; microfine cements; metakaolin; pumice; and combinations thereof.
  • the cement composition may further comprise at least one of resins; latex; stabilizers; silica; pozzolans; microspheres; aqueous superabsorbers; viscosifying agents; suspending agents; dispersing agents; salts; accelerants; surfactants; retardants; defoamers; settling-prevention agents; weighting materials; fluid loss control agents; elastomers; vitrified shale; gas migration control additives; formation conditioning agents; and combinations thereof.
  • a well cement composition comprises: cementitious materials; aqueous base fluids; nanoparticles; synthetic clay; and a thixotropic modifier, wherein the solid materials are about 0 wt % to about 40 wt % of the total weight of the cement composition.
  • the resulting cement has a solid material content of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of the total weight of the cement.
  • the rheological properties of the cement composition are shear-rate dependent. The viscosity of the non-newtonian fluid decreases with an increase in shear rate.
  • the nanoparticles comprise at least one of nano-silica, nanocarbonate, nanoalumina, and any combination thereof.
  • the nanoparticles are present in the amount of about 0.1 to about 5.0 gal/sack.
  • the nanoparticles have a diameter of about 2 to about 100 microns.
  • the synthetic clay is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of water.
  • substantially no natural clay is added to the cement composition.
  • the thixotropic modifier may be selected from high surface-area silica, fumed silica, sodium silicate, silicic acid and combinations thereof.
  • the thixotropic modifier is present in the about of about 1% to about 150% bwc.
  • the aqueous base fluid comprises at least one of fresh water; brackish water; saltwater; and combinations thereof, and may be present in the cement composition in an amount of from about 20% to about 80% by weight of cement composition.
  • the cementitious material comprises at least one of Portland cements; gypsum cements; high alumina content cements; slag cements; high magnesia content cements; shale cements; acid/base cements; fly ash cements; zeolite cement systems; kiln dust cement systems; microfine cements; metakaolin; pumice; and combinations thereof.
  • the cement composition may further comprise at least one of resins; latex; stabilizers; silica; pozzolans; microspheres; aqueous superabsorbers; viscosifying agents; suspending agents; dispersing agents; salts; accelerants; surfactants; retardants; defoamers; settling-prevention agents; weighting materials; fluid loss control agents; elastomers; vitrified shale; gas migration control additives; formation conditioning agents; and combinations thereof.
  • a cementing system comprises an apparatus configured to: provide a cement composition comprising cementitious material, aqueous base fluid, nanoparticles, synthetic clay, and a thixotropic modifier, wherein the solid materials are about 0 wt % to about 40 wt % of the total weight of the cement composition; introduce the cement composition into a subterranean formation; and allow the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.
  • the resulting cement has a solid material content of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt % of the total weight of the cement.
  • the rheological properties of the cement composition are shear-rate dependent.
  • the nanoparticles comprise at least one of nano-silica, nanocarbonate, nanoalumina, and any combination thereof.
  • the nanoparticles are present in the amount of about 0.1 to about 5.0 gal/sack.
  • the nanoparticles have a diameter of about 2 to about 100 microns.
  • the synthetic clay is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 3% by weight of water.
  • substantially no natural clay is added to the cement composition.
  • the thixotropic modifier may be selected from high surface-area silica, fumed silica, sodium silicate, silicic acid and combinations thereof.
  • the thixotropic modifier is present in the about of about 1% to about 150% bwc.
  • the aqueous base fluid comprises at least one of fresh water; brackish water; saltwater; and combinations thereof, and may be present in the cement composition in an amount of from about 20% to about 80% by weight of cement composition.
  • the cementitious material comprises at least one of Portland cements; gypsum cements; high alumina content cements; slag cements; high magnesia content cements; shale cements; acid/base cements; fly ash cements; zeolite cement systems; kiln dust cement systems; microfine cements; metakaolin; pumice; and combinations thereof.
  • the cement composition may further comprise at least one of resins; latex; stabilizers; silica; pozzolans; microspheres; aqueous superabsorbers; viscosifying agents; suspending agents; dispersing agents; salts; accelerants; surfactants; retardants; defoamers; settling-prevention agents; weighting materials; fluid loss control agents; elastomers; vitrified shale; gas migration control additives; formation conditioning agents; and combinations thereof.
  • Nanostructured materials useful in the present invention include nano-silica, nanocarbonate, nanoalumina, and any combination thereof.
  • Exemplary embodiments of the cement compositions comprise nano-silica.
  • the nano-silica may be described as particulate nano-silica. That is, the nano-silica may be particulate in nature and not, for example, a colloidal silica or a suspension of silica in solution. Indeed, in one embodiment, the particulate nano-silica may be added to the cement composition as a dry nano-silica powder.
  • the particulate nano-silica may be defined as nano-silica having a particle size of less than or equal to about 100 nanometers (“nm”).
  • the particulate nano-silica may have a particle size in the range of from about 1 nm to about 100 nm. In certain exemplary embodiments, the particulate nano-silica may have a particle size of less than or equal to about 50 nm. For example, the particulate nano-silica may have a particle size in the range of from about 5 nm to about 50 nm. In further exemplary embodiments, the particulate nano-silica may have a particle size of less than or equal to about 30 nm. For example, the particulate nano-silica may have a particle size in the range of from about 5 nm to about 30 nm.
  • particulate nano-silica may be utilized in combination with differently sized silica particles in accordance with present embodiments.
  • a number of silica particles with particle sizes greater than 100 nm may be included in a cement composition in accordance with present embodiments.
  • the particulate nano-silica utilized with present embodiments may have an impact on certain physical characteristics of resulting cements. For example, relative to inclusion of colloidal silica or larger silica particles in a cement slurry, inclusion of particulate nano-silica in the cement slurry may provide improved mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio.
  • the particulate nano-silica also may be included in the cement composition as a set accelerator to accelerate the set time of the resultant cement composition.
  • a cement composition in accordance with present embodiments may comprise a sufficient amount of particulate nano-silica to provide the desired characteristics in a resulting cement
  • the particulate nano-silica may be present in the cement composition in an amount in the range of from about 0.1 to about 5 gps.
  • the particulate nano-silica may be present in the cement composition in an amount in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3.0 gps.
  • the nano-particles may include nano-silica, it should be understood that the cement composition may comprise less than about 25% silica bwoc, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • nano-materials it may be desirable to utilize other types of nano-materials, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
  • nano-particles include nanoalumina, nanocarbonate, and combinations thereof.
  • the nano-particles may be particulate in nature and not, for example, a colloidal nano-particle or a suspension of the nano-particle in solution.
  • the present technique also encompasses the use of nano-particles in any of a variety of different subterranean treatments.
  • an aqueous base fluid in the cement compositions of the invention is present in an amount sufficient to make a slurry which is pumpable for introduction down hole.
  • the aqueous base fluid comprises at least one of fresh water; brackish water; saltwater; and combinations thereof.
  • the water may be fresh water, brackish water, saltwater, or any combination thereof.
  • the water may be present in the cement composition in an amount of from about 20% to about 95% by weight of cement composition, from about 28% to about 90% by wt. of cement composition, or from about 36% to about 80% by wt. of cement composition.
  • Synthetic clays are present in the cement compositions of the invention.
  • suitable synthetic clays include, without limitation, layered silicates such as LaponiteTM EP, available from Rockwood Additives Limited, Widnes, Cheshire, UK.
  • the cements of the present invention do not include the addition of a natural clay.
  • the synthetic clays are present in the amount of about 0.1 to about 3.0% ww.
  • Thixotropic modifiers are present in the cement compositions of the invention.
  • suitable thixotropic modifiers include finely divided, high surface-area silica, fumed silica, sodium silicate, silicic acid, and combinations thereof.
  • a commercial version is MicroblockTM, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex.
  • EconoliteTM is a cement additive, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex., that may also impart thixotropy to a cement slurry.
  • GasConTM 469 a lightweight cement additive useful as a thixotropic modifier, is available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex., and may be defined as a colloidal silicic acid suspension containing suspended silicic acid particles generally having a particle size of less than about 20 nm. In certain embodiments, the thixotropic modifiers are present in the amount of about 0.1% to about 150% bwc.
  • cements can be used in the present invention, including cements comprised of calcium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen, and/or sulfur which set and harden by reaction with water.
  • hydraulic cements include Portland cements, gypsum cements, high alumina content cements, slag cements, high magnesia content cements, shale cements, acid/base cements, fly ash cements, zeolite cement systems, kiln dust cement systems, microfine cements, metakaolin, pumice and their combinations.
  • the suitable API Portland cements are from Classes A, C, H, and G.
  • the cement compositions have a slurry density which is pumpable for introduction down hole.
  • the density of the cement composition in slurry form is from about 7 pounds per gallon (ppg) to about 20 ppg, from about 8 ppg to about 18 ppg, or from about 9 ppg to about 17 ppg.
  • the cement compositions of the invention may contain additives.
  • the additives comprise at least one of resins, latex, stabilizers, silica, pozzolans, microspheres, aqueous superabsorbers, viscosifying agents, suspending agents, dispersing agents, salts, accelerants, surfactants, retardants, defoamers, settling-prevention agents, weighting materials, fluid loss control agents, elastomers, vitrified shale, gas migration control additives, formation conditioning agents, and combinations thereof.
  • the exemplary cement compositions disclosed herein may directly or indirectly affect one or more components or pieces of equipment associated with the preparation, delivery, recapture, recycling, reuse, and/or disposal of the disclosed cement compositions.
  • the disclosed cement compositions may directly or indirectly affect one or more components or pieces of equipment associated with an exemplary wellbore drilling assembly 100 , according to one or more embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 generally depicts a land-based drilling assembly, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that the principles described herein are equally applicable to subsea drilling operations that employ floating or sea-based platforms and rigs, without departing from the scope of the disclosure.
  • the drilling assembly 100 may include a drilling platform 102 that supports a derrick 104 having a traveling block 106 for raising and lowering a drill string 108 .
  • the drill string 108 may include, but is not limited to, drill pipe and coiled tubing, as generally known to those skilled in the art.
  • a kelly 110 supports the drill string 108 as it is lowered through a rotary table 112 .
  • a drill bit 114 is tached to the distal end of the drill string 108 and is driven either by a downhole motor and/or via rotation of the drill string 108 from the well surface. As the bit 114 rotates, it creates a borehole 116 that penetrates various subterranean formations 118 .
  • a pump 120 (e.g., a mud pump) circulates drilling fluid 122 through a feed pipe 124 and to the kelly 110 , which conveys the drilling fluid 122 downhole through the interior of the drill string 108 and through one or more orifices in the drill bit 114 .
  • the drilling fluid 122 is then circulated back to the surface via an annulus 126 defined between the drill string 108 and the walls of the borehole 116 .
  • the recirculated or spent drilling fluid 122 exits the annulus 126 and may be conveyed to one or more fluid processing unit(s) 128 via an interconnecting flow line 130 .
  • a “cleaned” drilling fluid 122 is deposited into a nearby retention pit 132 (i.e., a mud pit). While illustrated as being arranged at the outlet of the wellbore 116 via the annulus 126 , those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the fluid processing unit(s) 128 may be arranged at any other location in the drilling assembly 100 to facilitate its proper function, without departing from the scope of the scope of the disclosure.
  • One or more of the disclosed cement compositions may be added to the drilling fluid 122 via a mixing hopper 134 communicably coupled to or otherwise in fluid communication with the retention pit 132 .
  • the mixing hopper 134 may include, but is not limited to, mixers and related mixing equipment known to those skilled in the art. In other embodiments, however, the disclosed cement compositions may be added to the drilling fluid 122 at any other location in the drilling assembly 100 . In at least one embodiment, for example, there could be more than one retention pit 132 , such as multiple retention pits 132 in series.
  • the retention put 132 may be representative of one or more fluid storage facilities and/or units where the disclosed cement compositions may be stored, reconditioned, and/or regulated until added to the drilling fluid 122 .
  • the disclosed cement compositions may directly or indirectly affect the components and equipment of the drilling assembly 100 .
  • the disclosed cement compositions may directly or indirectly affect the fluid processing unit(s) 128 which may include, but is not limited to, one or more of a shaker (e.g., shale shaker), a centrifuge, a hydrocyclone, a separator (including magnetic and electrical separators), a desilter, a desander, a separator, a filter (e.g., diatomaceous earth filters), a heat exchanger, any fluid reclamation equipment.
  • the fluid processing unit(s) 128 may further include one or more sensors, gauges, pumps, compressors, and the like used store, monitor, regulate, and/or recondition the exemplary cement compositions.
  • the disclosed cement compositions may directly or indirectly affect the pump 120 , which representatively includes any conduits, pipelines, trucks, tubulars, and/or pipes used to fluidically convey the cement compositions downhole, any pumps, compressors, or motors (e.g., topside or downhole) used to drive the cement compositions into motion, any valves or related joints used to regulate the pressure or flow rate of the cement compositions, and any sensors (i.e., pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc.), gauges, and/or combinations thereof, and the like.
  • the disclosed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect the mixing hopper 134 and the retention pit 132 and their assorted variations.
  • the disclosed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect the various downhole equipment and tools that may come into contact with the cement compositions such as, but not limited to, the drill string 108 , any floats, drill collars, mud motors, downhole motors and/or pumps associated with the drill string 108 , and any MWD/LWD tools and related telemetry equipment, sensors or distributed sensors associated with the drill string 108 .
  • the disclosed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect any downhole heat exchangers, valves and corresponding actuation devices, tool seals, packers and other wellbore isolation devices or components, and the like associated with the wellbore 116 .
  • the disclosed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect the drill bit 114 , which may include, but is not limited to, roller cone bits, PDC bits, natural diamond bits, any hole openers, reamers, coring bits, etc.
  • the disclosed cement compositions may also directly or indirectly affect any transport or delivery equipment used to convey the cement compositions to the drilling assembly 100 such as, for example, any transport vessels, conduits, pipelines, trucks, tubulars, and/or pipes used to fluidically move the cement compositions from one location to another, any pumps, compressors, or motors used to drive the cement compositions into motion, any valves or related joints used to regulate the pressure or flow rate of the cement compositions, and any sensors (i.e., pressure and temperature), gauges, and/or combinations thereof, and the like.
  • any transport or delivery equipment used to convey the cement compositions to the drilling assembly 100
  • any transport vessels, conduits, pipelines, trucks, tubulars, and/or pipes used to fluidically move the cement compositions from one location to another
  • any pumps, compressors, or motors used to drive the cement compositions into motion
  • any valves or related joints used to regulate the pressure or flow rate of the cement compositions
  • sensors i.e., pressure and temperature
  • cement slurries (Slurry 1-Slurry 14) were prepared.
  • the slurries were prepared by hydrating the clay into the water at 4000 rpm in a Waring blender, and then by adding cement, micro matrix cement, nano silica, MicroblockTM and EconoliteTM to the mixing water to form the respective slurry.
  • the slurries were then tested to determine various physical properties of the different slurries. All tests were performed using API RP-10B-2, July 2010.
  • LaponiteTM EP shows good gel strength reading in fresh water as well as sea water.
  • Table 4 summarizes different slurry mixtures including Laponite EP and fresh water.
  • Table 5 shows the rheological properties.
  • Table 6 summarizes different slurry mixtures including LaponiteTM EP in fresh and salt water.
  • Table 7 shows the rheological properties and gel strength.
  • EconoliteTM is a cement additive to increase volume and decrease density, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex.
  • GGBF Slag is ground-granulated-blast-furnace Slag.
  • Micro MatrixTM cement is an ultrafine cement, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex., and useful for cementing where penetration of small cracks is required.
  • SA1015TM is a cement additive which acts as a suspending agent, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex.
  • SilicaliteTM cement additive is made from a finely divided, high surface-area silica, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., Houston, Tex., and may impart thixotropy to some cement slurries.
  • the cements of the present invention have improved rheological and thixotropic properties.
  • the resulting cements have a low solid content, are shear dependent, and are effective over a wide temperature range.

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