US104687A - Improvement in lappet loom - Google Patents

Description

wLLIAM AsrINALL, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Prte-nt No. 104,687.' lated J'une 2S, 1870.

IMPROVEMNT IN' LAPPET LOOM.

Thel Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and makingpart cf the same.

I, WlnmAM AsrlNALL, of Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia and State otPcnnsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Looms, of which the following is a specification.,

Net-ure and Object of the `l'zwcntion..`

The rst part of my invention relates to an improved device lor giving motion to the needle-bars. and pini bars of looms used for produeing'ianey or stitched ing circular cloth.

Figure 5, an endview of the same.

Figure 6 is a front view of the improved tension dcvic'e.

Figure' 7 is a, diagram exhibiting the form of the cloth when it is `taken offv the conical roller, and the manner in which its even density or texture is proa served.

G'cneml Description.

The pin-bar a, figs. 1, 2, and 3, `slides vertically bctween the. slide b ofthe lay b, in V-guidesbiig. 3, provided for that purpose. 'lhis vvertical motion is produced by the inclined planes fr, iigs. 1, 2, and 3.

` As thecranks c, connected with the lay b, by connecting-rods d, cause said lay to oscillate on the pin @and asthe `left `c nd of the incline'is further from the center of oscillation than the right end, it follows that` the pin-bar, resting upon said incline, must move away from said center when t-he lay moves toward Iheleft, and `toward that center, when the lay rocks to the right.

'lo give the vertical motion of the pin-har greater steadiness when the loom works at a high speed, the guides al have been provided, which slide in recesses infth'e brace l.

On the back of the vpin-bar arethe needle-hars o o, which, in addition to the vertical motion imparted to them by the pin-bar, have also a hoiizontal sliding motion, 'which `is produced by the following means:

. The pin e, on which the lay rocks, is elongated to suport on its extremity the bar f, the latter being also l: stoned to the lay above;

The spindle g, fastened to the bar j' on o ne end,

and to the side b' on the lay on the other, carries the ratchet `wheel h, to which the detachable patternrings i 'il are fastened.

lhe spindle y and wheel h'partake .of the motion of 'the lay l), and, as the latter oseillates, the 'pa-wl lt,

whose center stud Z is fastenedinto the loom frame, drops at every alternate `stroke of the lay behind a tooth of the ratchet-wheel, and, on its return stroke, 7L is moved through the angular distance equal to its pitch. f

rlhe pawl 'on prevents the wheel h from moving in the wrong direction.

The levers jj', connected with the needle-hars o o n by linlisn nl and ears p p1, bear against the serratedv or curved edges of the pattern-rings i il, and are kept tightly against them hy means of springs yr r1.

It will now be noticed that, as the wheel h, and with it the pattern-rings, revolve, the levers i 7 will oseilla'te on their studs s s1, according to the shape ot' the, edge ofthe pattern-rings, and will communicate said motion to the needle-bars.

The motion of the levers is very limited, owing to the deviation from a vertical line, in their oscillation, which, when very great, impairs the accuracy of their movement. To obvia-te this, and at the same time to obtain a loom capable of producing a. more elaborate' pattern of needle-work, I have devised thefollowi'ng arrangement- The studs s s are connected-with each otherby an eye, t, which latter is capable of sliding freely on the spindle y.

The cloth-beam is provided on one end with a pin ion, Iu, figs. l and 4, gearing into agear-wheel,u,-1igs. l and 3, which latter revolves loosely on a stud, c.

On the hub of the wheel u is fastened a cam, wi, .which gives motion to the lever y, figs. 1 and 3. This lever has its fulcrum stud at 'Q/f, between its ex trexnlties, one of which hears against the back of the wheel h, as shown in iig'. 3, so that any motion conimnnicated by the beam c and wheels u and fu.' to the lever y, will be transferred to the wheel h, studs s s, and levers j j.

As the lever is only capable of moving the wheel h., studs s s, Sto., outward, a spring, s, is provided to bring them back to their original position, as the lever y moves back.

1t will he evident that this' motion is entirely inde. pendent of that given to the levers by the edge of the pattern-rings, and is dependent upon the diierencein the size of the gears u u', the speed of the clothbeam and the shape ofthe cam on the hub of 4u; hence, by these, the m'otioucan be regulated to obtain the resnlt desired. l

The U-shaped guides ol, for the needle-bars, are fastened to the lower edge of the pin-bar by ascrew,

a", and are provided with a slotthrougl1 which said supports o2 c", and the other to the levers c2 e, which can revolve freely on said studs.

The extremities of these levers are connected by wires flz f", over which the taut threads g2 ge pass.

The springs, by their tendency to `v uncoil, would partly revolve the levers on their studs, but the threads prevent this motion, and, by the strain brought upon them, are kept at the proper tension. This tension can be regulated by turning the levers around on -their studs more or less, or by fastening the ends of the spiral springs at different points around the studs.

'.lo do away with the necessity of cutting goods into tapering pieces for skirts, 85e., for example, I weave the cloth circular.7 By the word circular I Inca-n cloth, the selvages of which represent concentric arcs or circles, or, in other words, cloth which represents the developed surface of a c one, as shown in fig. 7. 'Io produce this kind of cloth the warp is wound upon a'conica-l beam, h?, which may be either rigid or adjustable, as shown in fig. 4. From this beam the warpthreads 1 2 pass over the whip-roller i, over the race-board id, and breast beam l, as usual; but, instead of the cloth passing over, and being wound upon, a cylindrical roller, it is rolled on a conical one, c, fig. 4.

It will be evident that the warp and the cloth which passes around the large ends of the cones moves with a greater velocity than that toward the'small end, aswill be made plain by reference to fig. 4, where the right side of the cloth has moved from 3 to 4, while the left side has only moved from l to 2; hence, the distance between Ithe weft or filling-threads is greater on one side of the cloth than on the other, and, the length of all the weft-threads being the same, it follows that they must be parts of radii of circles, of

vhich the warp-threads are the circumference, as in Itis diicnlt in this kind of weaving to make the .texture or density of the cloth uniform, in consequence of the varying distance between the weft-threads. It has been attempted to obviate this difficulty by pnttingthe warp-threads gradually closer together toward the long side of the cloth in the same proportion as the weft or filling-threads are further apart;v but this makes the cloth appear entirely different toward the one side to what it does toward the other.

In my invention the result is obtained by causing, as often` as is found expedient, a weft-thread to be woven in t-he fabric on the long side only, by not crossing the warn-threads, or, technically', by not forming a shed through the whole width, so that there will be more wett-threads on the long side of the cloth than on theshort side, as shown in figs. 4 and 7. l I need not describe the method by which this nonforming of the shed through part of the width of the cloth is accomplished, as that is well known to every practical weaver. v

In my invention this difficulty is obviated by passing the thread which is intended to catch the weftthreads on the .long side of the cloth through the needle o, on the needle-bar o, and not through the regular heddles. Now, as this needle reciprocates transversely across the cloth, moving the thread with it, it fol- -lows that the ridge above referred to is diffused more through vthe cloth, and cannot be detected. This traversing-thread is shown in figs, 4 and 7 by the lines g g2, and the points where the warp is caught is indicated by 7 8 9 10, 85e.

The conical roller shown in fig. 4 is made so that its taper can be varied.

On the eylinder'mn is fastened the head n. This head is provided with jaws o, into which slats p p are hinged. rIhe other end of the cylinder is provided with a screw-threw, over which the plate r can slide been purposely omitted from fig. l, in order to avoid confusion. Thestuds s sl and the cars p pl, between which the levers-jj and links a n form the connection, will be easily recognized in the drawihg,rig. 1.

I do not claim anything as my invention which is not mentioned in the following clauses, although the saine be described in the foregoing specification.

I claim as my invention- 1. The revolving and sliding wheel h, attached to and' moving wit-h the lay b, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

2. The levers jj on the movable studs s s, in combination with the revolving and sliding wheel h, substanlially as 4and for the purpose set forth.

3. The combination 'ot' the spiral spring.,r z with the studs s and s1 .and revolving and sliding wheel 74', substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. The 1mtternrings .131', with the revolving and sliding wheel li, when constructed and arrange/.l as described.

5. The combination of the levers j j, spiral springs 'r rl, links n n, and needle-slides o o, with the revolving and sliding wheel h, substantially as and for the purpose specitied.

6. The construct-ion and arrangement of the gears a u', cam w, and lever y, in combination with the revolving and sliding wheel h, all constructed and ar-4 ranged substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. The tension device, constructed and operating substantially as herein described.

Y WILLIAM ASPIN ALL. Witnesses:

OHAs. E. lANcoAs'r, JAMES Landen.

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