US73920A - John jstoblit - Google Patents

Description

@glatten t-attel atat @time Letters Patent No. 73,920, dated January 28, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN HAIR-CLOTH.

dige ,rlnbnie retener tu in tlgest @aan atnit inn mating wat nf. tigt time.

TO ALL WHGM IT MAY CONCERN:

Bc it known that I, JOHN NOBLIT, of the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and improved Hair-Cloth; and I'do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, making apart of this specification, in which i Figure I is a front sectional elevation of'certain parts of a loom, which latter is adapted for weaving my improved hair-cloth. i 1

Figure 2 is a top view of fig. 1.'

Figures 3, 4, and 5 Vshow the three diierent positions of the hair-nippers in distributing the hairsin the shed.

Figure 6 is a top view of the hair-nippers and race-beam. l

Figure 'T shows the arrangement of the hairs in the warp-threads.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

This invention relates vparticularly to an improvement on the manufacture of a fabric which is known as hair-cloth, it being composed of hairs and threads woven together, so as to present a surface which is entirely of hair. Under all the modes hitherto adopted of weaving this fabric there is a great waste of-hair.7 in consequence of such modes involving the necessity of having the hairs equal in length to the width oit' the cloth which it is desired to'weave, for which reason wide and very wide hair-cloth is very expensive.

The object'ofmy invention is to provide for utilizingshort hairs in the manufacture ofhair-cloth, by interweaving these hairs with. the warp in such manner that a given width of cloth can be madeof hairs which are very little longer than half the width of such cloth; or, if desirable, cloth can be made which is nearly double the width of any cloth hitherto made of a given length of hairs, as will be hereinafter described.

To enable others skilled in the art to understand my invention, I will describe its construction and operation.

In the accompanying drawings, have represented certain parts of a loom which is adapted for weaving my improved hair-cloth; and, while I prefer to employ such parts, .I do not conine my invention to their use. The main lpart of the loom whichy I have represented is constructed after the plan described by me in my Letters Patent dated on the ninth day ofvApril, 186,1. i

` A represents the main frame of the loom, and B is the vibrating lay-frame, carrying the nippers which distribute the hairs in the shed. This frame, B, receives'its motions from a rotating crank-shaft, O, extending transversely across the top rails offrame A, and receiving motion from any suitable prime-mover. The shaft C has three cranks upon it, two^of which are connected to the frame B by means of pitman-rods, D D, while the other communicates motion to the rock-shaft E through the medium of a pitman-rod, F.

To the forward part of the rock-shaft E an arm, G, is pivoted, in such manner as will allow this arm to vibrate in a direction with the length of said shaft, at the same time that it receives a lateral vibration, in consequence of the oscillation of said shaft. The upper end of the arm G is forked for receiving the lower edge of the arc a of the lay-frame, which latter guides said arm in its lateral as wellas longitudinal vibrations. To the upper end of the arm Gr one end of a pit'mamrod, H, is pivoted, the opposite end of which is pivoted to an arm whichis formed on the rear end of a nipper-box, I, and which passes through a long slot made through the race-beam of the lay-frame B, as shown in iig. I.

Other parts of the loom may be constructed in the usual well-known manner, with the following exceptions: The nipper-box I carries two nippers, b and e, one of which, is longer than the other, as shown in the draw* ings. These nippers are long, narrow pieces of metal, pivoted within a-channel formedin the box I by means of a transverse pin at e, and acted upon at their rear or outer ends by means of springs, which lreep their griping-endst down upon the jaw j' of the box I. The Vrear upper edges of the nippersb c have elevations or cams formed on them, which are acted upon at certain times by dogs or pivoted cams, which latter raise the gripingjaws of said nippers. i i

The dogs g g are pivot'ed vto the upper ends of two standards, t L, rising from the race-beam; and these dogs are so arranged that they raise or open the jaws of the nippers at proper times for receiving the hairs. The dogg1 is pivoted to a standard, hl, and so arranged as to open the nipper-jaw b at the proper time to drop one of the' hairs; and the dog g, whichis pivoted to the standard h2, is so arranged as to raise the jaw e at the proper time to.drop the other one of the hairs.

The tufts of hairs are suitably attached to one end of the race-beam, opposite the mali metal catches iz". The points or smallest ends of,I the hairs of the tuft which is opposite the catch t' are upward,vand the butts or largest ends of the hairs of thetuft which is 4opposite 'the catch t" are upward. The catchesz t" arc secured upon a strip, j, the upper surface of which ist in the plane of the lower gripig-jaw f; and these catches are arranged at proper distance apart to deliver the hairs between the gripingsuraees of the nippers, when in the 'positions shown in dg. A3.

In order that the hairs shall be taken by the nippers, a person is stationed at one end of the loom, who

draws out the hairs one at a time, and fastens the ends under the catches z'z'r, so that, at every backward stroke ofthe nippers, twohairs'are carried into the shed, andbeaten .up by t'heday. When the nipper's have moved an inch or more past the middle ofthe widthof the shed, the dog gl raises the nipper-jaw b, and releases` one of the two hairs; and, when'the nippers have moved such a distance as to bring the other hair in the proper position, the dog g2 raises jaw c, and drops this hair. While the nipperslare delivering theiliairs bet-'Ween the warpi threads or shed, the person stationedA at one end o f the loom adjusts two hairs inproper positionto be griped by the nippers on their return. By these means the woven fabric' will present the appearance indicated in the diagram, iig. 7; that is to say,itbe inner ends of everyday of' hairs willV overlap or extend past eachother an inch or more. Y i

In order to have `the .fabric present an even appearance and level surface, the hairs :1re drawn from the tufts by butts and points, and the points of,.the hairs left in the middle of the fabric.

In consequence of the peculiar'.movements4 given to the harnesses of hair-cloth looms forprcsenting a comf `pact hair-surface upon one side of the`clotb, thehair will be crimped and interwoven with the warp-threads, in

'such manner as to leave that'portion of the cloth wherethe hairs overlap as strong as if not stronger than any other par-tof the fabric. i

As above desoribedath'e loom is adapted ior weaving only one width -of cloth. To adapt it for weaving different widths, I make oblong slots, ZZ, through thev race-beam, through which the bolts pass that secure the two standards hl tz to said beam. These slots admit of the adjustment of the standards hl h2 with their pivoted dogs', so that-hairs of diierent lengths canbe dropped at diiferent times.

It will be seen, from the above description,`that I produce a-new and improved fabric, composed of hairs, the ends of which overlap each other in themiddleof its width, as indicated in iig. 7. It will also be seen that this fabric is nearly double the width-of the length of.hairs composing the woot'.

While I am enabled to make hair-cloth nearly double the width of hair-cloth hitherto made, this is not so much the object of my invention asfit is to utilize hairs, which, under the old modes of weaving, are too short for salable cloth. l A

It desirable, more than two nippers or hair-carriers may be employed, and arranged so as to drop three or more hairs in the shed at every backward stroke, in which case the throw of thenippers or hair-carriers would have to be increased, and an 'additional number of lifting-dogs arranged at proper points upon the race-beam.

Having described my invention", what I claim'as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. Two-or more nippcrs or hair-carriers in a 'loom forweaving hair-cloth, which are operated so asto close upon two or more hairs simultaneously, and then to dropthe hairs singly and at diilierent'points in the shed or warp, substantially as described'. I i l 2. A fabric, each lay of the woof of which is'composed of two or more hairs laid together, substantially as described. a

, JOHN NOBLIT.

Witnesses: i

WILLA'RD S. BROWN, CHAs. A.l\AXwuLL.

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