US1045500A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

E. H. BELDEN.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLIOATION FILED 11130.26, 1911.

1,045,500, Patented Nov. 26, 1912.

4 SHE'ETS-SHEET 1.

II. H. B-ELDBN.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 26, 1911.

Patented Nov. 26, 1912.

4 sHETs-sHBBT 2.

E. H.I BELDBN.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED maza, 1911.

1,045,530@ -`Patented Nov. 26, 1912.

4 SHEET S---SHEBT 3.

E. H. BELDEN 'INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 11110.26. 1911 1,045,509, Patented N0v.26,1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEroE.

EDWARD `II.y BELDEN,OE PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TORELDEN ENGINEERING COMPANY, OE PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLvANIAjA CORPORATION OE PENNSYLVANIA.

INTiERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application ledDecember'ZG, 1911. Serial No. 667,763.

Specication of Letters Patent.

VPatented Nov. 2e, 11912.

To all whom tt may concern.'

Be it known`that I, EDWARD I-I. BELDEN, a 'citizen of thek United States, and a residenty of Pittsburgh, county of Allegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain 'new and luseful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of Which the following is a specification. Y

My invention relatesto internal combustion engines and has particular reference to improvements in the valves and valve gearing of A`internal combustion engines ot operation of the engine.

thelfour-cycle type.

The Objects vof my invention are to sim.- v

plify the construction and to lessenthe costof such engines; to eliminate the vibrationI andthe noise, incident to their operation; A Ito balance the .valves thereof; and to ,in- Vcrease the power,

eiiiciency and durability thereof. l Y l 'l My further purpose is to do away With the short-lived and noisy reciprocating* valves and valve gearing now in common use and to Substitute theretor a minimum number of large Substantial parts that cannotl easily be broken; to balance the valves `and otherwise` arrangeand construct them to offer the least possible resistance to the A special bject yof my invention isto provide an engine .of the class named with a nOn-vibratory, constantly lubricated and substantiallybalanced admission and'exhaust y,valve and to maintain it at a low temperature protected from the hot `gases of thccylinder.

Y i Still-other Objects the invention are lto provide an internal combustion engine equipped withv a balance valve andhaving a cylinder which contains both the cylin, :der head andthe necessary port-controlling means and from which both the head and the piston may be removed Without d1sturbing the cylinder or said port controlling means or gearing, and from Whichtlie valve may be removed Without` disturbing the cylinder or the valve gearing; and to providean engine having valves and valve Seats which ,shall-be .freely `accessible upon remoyal ofthe cylinder head. '.Another obj ect of my invention is to provide .avour-cycle engine conforming to the bustion engine which, in4 its'simplestt'orm,`

has a single-piece ported cylinder, a singlepiece cylinder head, a single-piece valve which is incased'by the cylinderandthe head and is substantially balanced therebetween, a single valve operating member and a Single actuatingand timing device 1which 'y connects the valve operating member'with the crank shaft.4 The Simple structure here outlined is somewhat amplified inthe higher developments of` my invention but even in its multiple cylinder forms I` prefer to use 4onlyone valve operating member and one driving device. i

The invention Willpbe readily understood upon reference to the accompanying drawY ings, which form part of this specification Vand in which I have depicted a preferred embodiment of my invention `in a six` cylinder internal combustionengine. y

In the drawings; Figure l is a side ele-5 vation of my novel engine, four ot' the cylinders being shown in vertical 4longitudinal section; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section, substantially on the line 2x2X of Fig. l, ail of the cylinder heads being removed; Fig. 3 is an enlarged horizontal section on the line 3X-3X of Fig. 4; Fig. 4 is a similarly 'enlarged verticalsection onthe line atx- Ix of Fig..3; Fig, 5 is an enlarged vertical secti n on the line 5X of Fig. 5; vandFig. 6 is an enlarged vertical section on the line x-GX of Fig. 1.

have here illustrated `my invention as embodied ina Water-cooled multiple cylinder engine of a vertical type 4particularly adapted for use y in automobiles. y Its cylinders A, six in number, areV 4arranged lside by side in a single casting Variousy means v the head and the cylinder. ,It will be obmay be employed for cooling the cylinder and valve seats. For example the casting B may contain a watefr space or jacket C which is common to all the cylinders. The water space extends from the top B of the .casting to a point near the'lbwer ends/of the cylinders. The bottom B of the-cylinder casting is secured upon the top of the base D. The base containsthe `crank shaft E shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. On one end of the shaft E is a fly wheel F. The other endof the crank shaft carries a sprocket wheel G, -(see dotted lines Fig. l) the-use of which will be explained hereinafter. Each cylinder A' contains a `piston I-I, joined to the crank shaft E by a connecting rod I, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1. The cylinders open through both the top and the bottom of the casting B. They have separable heads J. The head J of each cylinder is preferably -wholl contained within the upper or outer end o the cylinder. I make these ends ofthe cylinders large enough to receive the pistons so tha the latter may be inserted and removed through the tops ofthecylinders after the cylinder casting B has been fastened to the base i'1). The Aheads are larger than the pistons and each head rests upon an annular shoulder a2, which distinguishes the piston containing' portion a3 of the cylinder from its head containing portion a4. Both cyLnder portions a3 and ori are cylindrical. They are preferably concentric. The portion a4 is large enough to contain not only the head but also the valve K, about to be described. Each head has an4 annular flange J that lits the upper part of the cylindrical bore a4.- The lower end J2 of each head J snugly fits the piston bore a3 of the cylinder and the` annular shoulder J3 ofthe head restsl upon the cylinder shoulder a2 as before explained. The upper endv of the bore a4 of each cylinder is threaded to receive a locking ring L, which is screwed firmly upon the flanged top .of the head, completing an oil and pressure tight joint between the head and the cylinder at that point. 'If desired a key L or a set screw may be added to lock the head against rotation. Such device, however, is not essential to the fastening of the head in the cylinder. The shoulder a2 of the cylinder and the shoulder J3 of the head are ground tog-ether and when the head is thus secured the shoulders form an oil and pressure tight joint between the lower end of served that the concentricity of the cylinder and the head is insured by the close fitting .of the upper end and the lower end of the head within the larger and the smaller bores a* and a3 yrespectively of the cylinder. The intermediate portion of each head J, between the flange J and theshoulder J3, is cylindrical and concentric with the containing bore o, While this portion, as herein i cal walls is therefore formed between the j cylinder and the head. The top of the cavlity K is formed by the underside -of the head flange J. The bottom of the annular cavity is formed by the cylinder shoulder a2 on which the head rests. All of the walls of the cavity are finely ground and Servel as seats for the valve K before referred to. The valves K 'are simple one-piece sleeves or rings thatexactly fit their respective cavities K. They are interchangeable. The inner and outer surfaces of each valve K are finely ground and are cylindrical and parallel. The top and bottom edges are also finely ground or finished and are parallel and perpendicular to the cylindrical surfaces.'

In practice, thencross sectional dimensions `of the valve K are approximately two thousandths of an inch Ismaller than the corresponding dimensions of the cavity K', leaving space for thin films of oil between all the opposed surfaces of the valve, cylinder and head. Obviously the spa-ce is increased at the oil groove Kx provided in the upper edge of the valve, and between the gear teeth on the valve. Each valve K contains at least one opening or port. K2, the same being of sulicient size to quickly admit and to quickly free the gases `and being positioned about midway of the height of the valve. As shown in the drawings I prefer to provide each valve with two diametrically opposite ports K2, so that. one revolution of the valve sha-ll serve for eight successive strokes, two complete power operations, of the piston, as hereinafter explained. Each cylinder is provided with an admission port and passage lAd and an exhaust port and passage E, 1these being formed inthe casting B. Theports Ad and Ex open into respective valvecavities K in position to register with the ports K2 in the valve K,v The width of the space between the inlet and exhaust ports approximately equals the width ofthe port K2 in the valve K. These dii mensions may be considerably varied without departing from the invention but I prefer to maintain the described proportions andrelation for `the particular reason that after the valve has opened to permit the heated gases to exhaust, those portions ot the valve which are heated by the exhaust gases are almost immediately cooled by the. inrush of cool combustible mixture at the\ port Ad. The time between the exhaust and theladmission of mixture is proportionate to the distance that the valve has totra-vel between the ports Ex and Ad. In a multiple cylinder engine I prefer to pai-.r the cylinders and connect the exhaust passages Ex of each pair as shown in Figs. Q and 4.

through the lower engine.` I

juncture the exhaust downward and open part of the casting B. EX represents the' vertical extension of the united exhaust portsof two cylinders.

EX2 represents the exhaust manifold of the From the points of passages .extend As indicated in Fig. 2 l prefer that the admission passages `Ad of the several cylinders shall be independent and shall open through' the outer face of the casting `above the exhaust manifold. The passages Ad are connected by an admission manifold ASH '.and in this hole is the device M for igniting the gases, preferably an electric spark plug.

Ylwo passages J-Ad and J -E'x are formed .inthe head.' These open` through the valve seat'surface of the head, at point-s directly and respectively opposite the ports A` and EX in the valve seat surface of the cylinder, hence these passages or ports of the -head are xiii position to register withihe ports K2 in the valve K.. y

Referring now to Figs.1,2, .3 and 5,.it will be seen that the cylinder wall which forms part of the annular valve cavity 'contains a recess or cavity AB. This'is positioned between the two portsAd and Ex andV preferably closer to: the vport Ad than to the port E"4 and may extend above and below said ports.. Enough of the cylinder wall remains to afford proper lap for the valve around said ports AS1 and E?. The cavity AB opens against the outerperiphery of the valve K and its area is preferably less than the area `of the port Ad. T he recess or cavity AB is placed in communication with the'piston space a3 in the cylinder by means of a duct ab, leading therefromto a point in the cylinder wall below the head J. lVhen desired additional balancing cavities may be provided in thecylinder wall on the opposite sideof one or both of t-he ports Ad and Ei and 1 have shown an. additional cavity ze upon the opposite side v`of the. inlet port Ad. AThis cavity a@ is arranged symnietricall with the cavity AB, that is, it is placed equid-istant fro-m the -inlet-port `Ad and' its area is preferably substantiallyequal to the area of the cavity AB. It likewise opens against ythe outer periphery ,of the valve andit may be placed inA communication with-.the piston space A? of the cylinder by means of-a short duct a0 similar to the passage ab and leadingv from thecavity -in Fig. l

. to a point in the cyliiid'erwall below the hea J or it may7 be cross connected by short li'or'i `Zontal ducts a, b', fif, shown indotted lines either at one or both ends above and below the port Ad., with the cavity AB and thereby, in a practical sense, forni a part of the balancing cavity AB. 1n other words, the two cavities AB and ac, when thus connected, yform a single though divided balancing cavity, the total area of which is preferably substantially equal to or slightlv lessthan the area of the -inlet port Ad. The head J contains a third passage, virtually a cavity: namely, the valve balancing 'passage or cavity JB which "extends from tlie'c'eiiter cavity J 4 of the headthrough the valve'seat- '1 surface of the head. 'This openingJ B in the head is approximately opposite'tothe port JE". AAt times when-the latter is closed by one side of the valve-,f'tlieport JiBffis also closed by the opposite side of the valve.`

The arrangement issuch that one poi't`Kf" ofthe valve registers with the head passage or' cavity JB at times when the otherfport K2 iii the valve is passingthe Vports EAV and J E# in the cylinder and head.: The area of ythe cavity JB in `the head is preferably `slightly lessthan the area of the exhaust port Ex lin the cylinder. The practical effect of this arrangement of the valve, the ports and the `cavities is that the revoluble valve is so nearly balanced in its cavity that it is but slightly seated across the cylinder portsg-Ad and EX, even at the moment of' maximum pressure wit-liin the cylinder. In

consequence, the valve is not permitted to dilicult to turn or `rotate it in its cavity. At the Same time, it. will` be notedthat at times of vacuum within th'e cylinder, as when the piston is descending and the `ad- .cling upon'any of its seats and it isA not missionport Ad and the valve port Kzlare' Y in register the port JB together with the cavities AB and ac overbalance the exhaust port JEx in the -head with the result that there is an unbalanced pressure serving to tightly hold the valve over the exhaustport EXV in the cylinder and prevent the indraft of gases fromthe lexhaust passage EX. y .f

The `valve operating mechanisml is Vmost clearly shown in Figs. 1,2, 3 and 4. Each member K is a combined valve andjfgeai A wheel; that is, the lower outer edge of each valve K vis provided with gear teeth K3 constituting an integral wheel whereby the valve may be rotated in its valve chamber` or cavity. The valve operating member is varranged on the side of the engine. opposite the side which contains, the several admission and exhaust ports'and the cavity AB. This valve operating member comprises a single shaft` N having as many, integral gear wheel portions N there are valves. Each cylinder is provided with anopening AN,

at a', point opposite the gear teeth on' the .valve and considerably below the level of the ports K2 in the valve. This opening ad- N is provided with a sprocket wheel N3 and this is conneetedwith the sprocket wheel Grl on the crank shaft by'a suitable sprocket chain G. The sprockets Gr and N3, and t-he sprocket belt- G constitute the driver for the valve operating member or shaft N. The rotation of the crank shaft is thereby com munieated to the several valves, and the lat v ter are rotated cnstantly during the opera- -B4, B4 are the edges of the duct O; These tion of the crank shaf The sprockets and N3 and the gears N and Ka are so proportioned that the valves are caused to turn one-'half ofa revolution during each two revolutions vof the. cr'nk shaft; z'. e., one complete revolution inlthe .time consumed by eight piston strokes. It will be clear that the rotative speed f the valves is relatively low and that nthing short of the breakageof one of the e heavy substantial parts can 'interfere with the proper action of the valve. The valve operating shaft and gears are contained by -a horizontal duet O formed in the side of the cylinder cast-ing.

edges are integral with the cylinder casting B. The opening between them is closed by.

a. vertical plate B*s tightly bolted thereto and making theduct oil tight. The duct O andthe severalvalve cavities K are in communication through the openingsAN. The sprockets G and N3 and sprocket belt G are inclosed by acasing P, the upper end of which communicates with lthe duct -O and the lower end of which communicates with the .nterior of the engine base D. An oil pump (not shown) into the duct' O. The oil is distributed therefrom to the several valves by the gear teeth on the valves K and shaft `N; i. e. by the gear wheels K3 and N. In

the case of each valve, its rotation causes the oil to spread upon the outer surface vof the valve, whence it will work above and be low the valve and spread upon the inner surface thereof. The oil groove Kx in the upper edge of the valve is best shown in -F1g. 5. This groove provides an annular.

oil pocket or reservoir for the accumulation of oil, to better distribute the oil upon the inner surface of the valve. As before explained, the differences of diameter, between the valve, the cylinder and the head, are so slight that only minute films of oil may occupy the spaces. These are in fact capillary spaces and while the oil will freely work into and oceupythe spaces, due to the rotation ofthe valve within t-he inclosing walls, the oil cannot easily be discharged from the spaces by either internal or external pres# sure. The films of oil constitute fluid packl ings for. the joints. 'This fact makes it possi-- ble to adequately lubricate the valves andinclosingv Walls without danger of gas leakage from or to the cylinders at moments of compression, combustion andvacuum therein. It is clear also that it is practically impossible for any surface of the valve to engage any opposed surface upon the head or cylinder except through the medium of 'this minute film of oil which Ienvelops the valve. In consequence the valve and lvalve seats will operate indefinitely without perceptible wear. Very little of the o il 'thus supplied to the valve is wiped off at the ports, the greater part returning to the trough through the openings A It will thus be seen that the'valves, the valve cavities and the valve gears constitute an oilcirculating system which insures the positive lubrication' of valve oil into the cylinder.

As before explained,'tl1e Water-space C Within the cylinder casting extends tothe top of the cylinders and cooling water is therefore supplied to all ofthe upper parts of the cylinders except lthose portions or areas which are'occupied by the admission and exhaust passages Ad, EX and the gear openings AN. The cooling of 'the outer Wallsl of the valve cavities and the outer portions of the valves is thus insured. Each head J contains a Water, space JW. rlhe Water is supplied and discharged through pipes JP,

two of which are provided for eachhead..

The to-p of the head contains a depression to admit, and to afford easy access to, the firing plug M. The space Jw occupies nearly the whole of the head, only thin walls remaining; the except-ions being the space occupied bv the ports J A1 and JEX. As before described, the head is deeper than the valve K, .extending both above and below the same.

The Water space is likewise deep, its bottom being preferably beloiv the level of the valve K and the Water rising therein to a level above the top 'edge of the valve. `In other Words, the cooling surface of the valve Wall of the head is practically co-extensivewith the valve and the maintenance4 of the valve at a low temperature is positively insured. Itis not material whether these walls which inclose or envelop the valve are cooled .by water or by air, or by some other medium; the important point is that the valves and the inclosing Walls are sorformed and rclated that they are quite separate from. the

.rese

"the

hotter portions ofthe ,cylinder and head and are'fully exposed tothe cooling'medium.

The operation fof the engine is according "totlie' weliltnoivn four-cycle principle and will be clearly understood from the fo-regoa'iled description of theoperation of l related parts.

vjarfiousfmodifications of my invention will 'readily' suggest themselves to one who the ai't, I do not confine or' limit invention to the specific constructions herein shown described.

4f "lflie valve construction herein shown is -declaimed in U.`S`. Patent No. ied to me February 13, 1912,

scribed a 1591770739 `isiio-,t cl'a'ijnied herein.Y

n'engine provided witha balancing port nibling the port JB hereof is described fandclaimed in U. S. Patent No. 1,017,074

issued to nie February 13, 1912.

#An eiigineprovided 'with a balancing cavity 'resembling the cavity AB hereof is described and claimed "in UQS. Patent No.v

' 1,017 ,075 issued to nie February 13, 1912.

The combination of parts, including the "shaft N for actuating the valve, comprises the rsubject matter of my co-pending appli-A cation No. 667 ,7 64. The scope of this pres- 'ent application is set forth in the patented The several constructions'above referred claims:

r"to having been respectively broadly claimed in"`the co-pending applications, are not claimed herein.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim as n ewand desire to secure by Letter Patent:

1.. In an internal combustion engine, a

."cylinder and a piston therein, in combination 40 with a cylinder head fixed in the end of said .cyliiider, the inner and .outer ends Iof said ,headbeing tightly jointed to said cylinder, `the intermediate portion of said head being ofless diameter than theadjacent portion of annular valve cavity being thereby formed s*'and, exhaust,ports which open into said cavv:

"the, cylinder, and concentric therewith, an

between said ends of the head, one side of saidliead and cylinder containing admission -ityan ,annular valve of slightly greater diy,arnetel than ftheheadand of slightly less diameterthanQsaidadjacent portion of the cylinder', and AIoccupying said cavity, -said valve containing a portlpositioned to register kwith .aforesaid ports, said cylinder con# taining a balancing. cavity opening into said valve cavity between the p ,orts in the cylinderand in communication with the piston space in the cylinder an'd said head containing a balancing port approximately diametfrically opposite the exhaust port, and means for rotating said valvey in said valve cavity inltiine Witlithe movements ofsaid piston.l

2. In an internal combustionengind a' 4cyl- -e5 i'nder 'and a piston therein, in `combination with a cylinder head fixed in the end of said cylinder, the inner and outer ends of said head being tightly jointed to said cylinder, the intermediate portion of said head being of 'less diameter than the adjacent portion of thev cylinder and concentric therewith, an annular valvel cavity being thereby formed between said ends of the head, o nerside of said head and cylinder containing an ad, .mission and an exhaust port which open. into vsaid cavity, an yannular valve ofslightly greater diameter than the head and of said head containing a balancing port approximately diametrically opposite to the exhaust port in position to register with the ports of the valve and means for rotating the valve once during everyeight strokes of the valve. i

3. In an yinternal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston therein, in combination with a cylinder head, the cylinder liaving admission and exhaust ports in one side, an annular valve positioned within the cylinder, concentric therewith andadapted to close said lports,said valve'having an opening adapted to register with aforesaid ports, said cylinder containing a balancing cavity in one side adjacent to its ports and of substantially equal area with each thereof opening against said valve and "communicating with the piston space in the cylinder, said .head alsocontaining a balancing port dianietrically opposed tothe exhaust port and of substantially the'same area, in positionto register with the port lin thevalve, means for supplying oil to said valve,and means forvoperating said valve in time with the movements of said piston.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a suitably cooled cylinderand a. piston therein, in` combination with a suitably cooled cylinder head fixed in the end of said cylin`7 der, said head being of less ydiameter than the adjacent portion of the cylinder and concentric therewith, anjannular valve cavity being formed thereby, said head and cylinder"containing admission and exhaust ports which open into said cavity, an' annular valvel occupying saidcavity and cooled by the cylinder and head, said valvecontaining a port positioned to register with laforesaid ports, said cylinder containing a balancing cavity. opening through thejoiiter wall of said valve cavity adjacent to the inlet vport in the cylinder in communi cation `with the piston space in the cylinder and in position y to register with the port inthe valve, the

head containingV av balancing port approximately diametrically opposite to the exhaust .port and positionedI to register with the port in the valve and valve operating gearin derivin motion from said iston. b

"lof

' 5. lIn an internal 'combustion engine, a cylmder and a piston therein, in combination with a cylinder head fixed in thefend of y said cylinder, saidA head being ofless diameterthan 'the adjacent portion of the cylinder' and concentric therewith,.a n annular valve `cavity being thereby formed bet'ween the 'cylinder and head, one sideof said cylinder containing admission andl exhaust ports which open intov said cavity, a port controlling 'sleevevalve occupying said cavity, said cylinder, "containing a balancing port which opensagain'st the valve on each sideof the inlet portl lin the cylinder, and gearing'- through which the piston operates the valve to lopen and close said ports in time with the i piston movements,. l

6. In an inte a combustion engine, acylinder in combi` ation with a piston therein'l` aI 'head' Within the endof the cylinder, inea-ns'securing said'head against movement in said cylinder, Said cylinder and head having ycorresponding admission -and' exhaustports, an annular valve disposed concentrically with and between the head and'cylinder, said cylinder containing a `balancing cavity which opens against the outer periphery of said valve adjacent to each side- 'of the inletport in the cylinder, said headcontaining a balancing port which opens r against inner periphery of the valve and positi'oned approximately diametrically opposite to the exhaust port inthe cylinder and valve operating gearing acting on the valve and deriving motion from said piston.

7 In an internal combustion engine a cylinder having a piston containing portion .and va head containing portion, in combina-l ybeing provided betfween the head and cylin- 'der and between said 4joints, an lannular ported valveiitting said valve cavity and rovsa tatable thereinqto. control :said ports, said cylinder containing a! balancing cavity betvveen said ports-and positioned closer to the inlet portthan to the'exhaust port and opening against the outer periphery 'of the valve, Said head containing a balancing port approximately diametricallv opposite A ing said valve; w

vto the exhaust port in the cylinder and positioned to register with the valve port and meansfor rotating the valve in time with the lpiston movements.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a cylindrical piston containing portionand a' head containing portion, in combination with 'a hea'dhaving an intermediate valve seating portion of less diameter than the head containing. portion of said cylinder, said head having its inner end and its-outer end engaged with the Walls of said piston containing portion and said head containing 'portion respectively, means fastening said head against movement in the cylinder and effecting tight joints between the cylinder .Walls and said ends of the head', an annular valve cavity which is closed at its, ends being formed by and'between said cylinder and' said head and situated lWholly between the outer lend of the'cylinder and the inner end of the head, admission and Aexhaust' ports proyided in' the cylinder and the head and opening into said cavitya balancing-cavity vin the cylinder andl Opeliing into said valve cavity, an annular valve occupying substantially the Whole 'of said valve ycavityandprovided with a port to register with said admission andexhaust ports and said cavity, a balancing cavity in said head approximately diametricallv `op- -posite to the exhaust portin the, cyinder and positioned to register with the port in,

the valve, and means engaging the periph-- ery of said valve'and adaptedito rotat-iveljv move said valve in said cavity.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a c vlinder in combination with a'head the ends .of which make oill tight joints with the cylinder, an annular valve space or cavity-being provided bet'iveen the cylinder and the head and betiveen said joints, a valve revolubly movable'in said cavity', said valve having a port and. said cylinder and said head being both provided with admission and exhaust ports which communicate ivitlrsaid cavity.

loo l ira said cylinder containing a balancing cavity V 'betweenitsports and said head having a balancing cavity' approximately diametrically opposite to the exhaust port in the cylinder positioned 4 to register with the valve port, ysaid balancing cavity and` balancing port serving to ease the val-ve lacross theinlet and exhaust ports during moments of pressure in the cylinder and to press thevalve against the ported'poition of the cy inder during moments ofy partial vacuum Within the cylinder,l and means for operat 10. In an internal combustion engine. acylinder having a piston containing portion or bore and a valve and head containing'- portion or bore distinguished by a valvei and head seating shoulder, 1n combination 4 with an annular sleeve valve containinga '1 cylinder, a head litting within the valve and Vhaving its inner end ii valve, said head having a balancing port """tweeneach head and cylinderbore' and enveloped thereby, said heads, valves and cylinders having'suitable registering inlet and wouter periphery ofthe valve, each headhav- 40. above and below respective valves, said ing against the inner'periphery of its valve, la single valve actuating member for simultaneou'sly rot-ating said valves thereby causi one piece oylindercon'taining a cylinder bore `comprising a piston containing portion and a head containing portion,-ginl combination a one-piece ported sleeve valve con` *portion of said "bore, a one piece headtcon- 'centric with'and fitting said valve, the ends i of "said hedbeing jointed to the cylinder and cylinder at the ends ofthe head, said containing a pl'u'i'iality of cylinder bores in va', single du'ctcontaining said member and supplying oil to all said valves.

port, fitting saidvalve and-head bore ofthe cylinder and seated on said shoulder of the` v l seated upon said shoulder at the end of said valve, means securing the head against movement in the cylinder and veffecting tight joints between the head cylinder having a balancing port which opens aga-inst the outer periphery-cf said.

approximately diametrically opposite to the exhaust port inthe cylinder and opening against the inner `periphery ofthe valve, and a suitable valve actuator andl a driver therefor. A '4 I y "11.In a 'four-cycle internal combustion engine, af siifigle",l cylinder block or` casting combination with'cylinder heads, one within each said bore, an annular sleeve valve beexhaust ports, each` said cylinder 'having av balancing port which opens against theheads, valves and cylinders having suitable registering ports,"each said cylinderhaving two balancing cavities opening against 'the outer periphery of itsvalve and each' said head havingia single balancing cavity opening theperiodic Vregistry of said ports and 13. In an' internal combustion engine, a

cent-ricwit-l'i Vand 'fitting the head containing above jbelow respective' ends of said valvefsaidfcylinder and head containing ad-` mission and exhaust ports to register with thefp'rt` the valve, means for rotating said valve, said head containing a balancing port opening against the inner periphery of -the valve approximately diain'etric'ally yopposite to the exhaust port and the cylinder containing balancing cavities opening against the outer periphery vof the valve adjacent to the admission port. j j

14. In an internal combustion engine, a one-,piece cylinder containing a cylinder bore comprising a pist-on containing portion and a head containing. portion, in combination with a one-piece plurally ported sleeve valve concentric with and fitting the head containing portion of said bore, a. one-piece head concentric lwith 'and fittingsaid valve, the ends of said head being jointed to the cylinder above aiid'below respective ends of said valve, said cylinder and head containing admission 'and exhaust ports to register with successive ports in the valve, said head containing a balancing port opening against the inner4 periphery of said valve approxi- `mately diametrically opposite the exhaust port in the cylinder and said cylinder containing balancing cavities opening against the outer periphery of the valve adjacent to the admission port of the cylindei and in communication with the piston Vspace of the cylinder, and means for rotating said valve. 15. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder and a piston' therein, in combination with ahead concentric withl and xed in the end of said cylinder, said head having inner and outer ends which make tight joints with the cylinder, the cylinder and head having corresponding admission and exhaust ports in one side thereof between saidjoints, an annular valve `of slightly greaterv diameter than said head and of .slightly less diameter than the cylinder longitudinally fixed port adapted to register with the aforesaid ports, the distance between the ports yin the cylinder approximating the width of said port in said valve, a balancing port in said head approximately diametrically oppositetheexhaust ports, balancing cavities in. the' cylinder opening symmetricallyon each-side ofthe inlet ports, the combined areas of the balancing cavities vand the balancingport being slightly lessthan the combined areas"` of said iirst mentioned ports, means for supplying oil to said valve, and means for operating said-valve in time with the movements of said piston. i u Y A i 16. In an internal combustion engine,'fa

cylinder and .a piston therein,.in combination with a cylinder headfixed in the-end of said cylinder, the inner and outer ends of said head being ltightly jointed tosa'id cylinder,1the intermediate portion of .isaid 'head being of less diameter than the adjacent portion of the cylinder and concentric therewith an annular valve cavity being thereby formed between said ends ofthe head, one

isa

105 therein between said joints and having a 1a opening, means for supplying oilto said v side of said head" and cylinder containingy admission'and exhaust ports which lopen into said cavity, anannular valve of slightly greater diameter than the head and of slightly lesspdiameter than said-adjacent portion of the cylinder. and occupying said cavity, said valve containing two approximately opposite ports positioned to register'with aforesaid ports, balancing cavities in said head and cylinder respectively opposite the exhaust andadmission ports and positioned to register with the ports in the valve, an openying in that side of the cylinder which is ad'- jacent to thebalancing cavity in the head, valve operating means positioned in -said operating means and valves, and a driving connection' between said piston and said valve operating means.

17. In an internal'combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston therein, in combinationwith ahead concentric with and fixed inthe end of said cylinder, said 'head having" vinner and outer ends which make tight joints with the cylinder, Vthe cylinder and -'head havingcorresponding admission and exhaust ports in"one side thereof between said joints,` an annular valve ofslightly greater, diameter thansaid head and, of'

"slightly less diameter than the cylinder longitdinally lixed therein between said joints ,and having one or more ports adapted .to

llregister with the aforesaid, ports, the dis- -tance between the ports in thecylinder approximating the width of said port in said valve, balancing cavities in said cylinder adjacent to the ports therein, and the side ot the head opposite to' the inlet and exhaust ,'cavity, xties approximating the combined areaofl .containing an ladditional balancing the total area ofsaid balancing cavi ,said admission and exhaust'ports, and means Afor vrotating saidhvalve intime with the ,movements of `said piston.

18. In an. internal combustion engine,'a

' cylinder and Va pistontherein, in combinaof slightly less diameter than said adjacent portion of the cylinder and occupying said cavity, said valve containing a port positioned to register with aforesaid ports, said cylinder containing a balancing cavity opening into saidvalve cavity adjacent the ports in the cylinder and in communication with from said piston.

diameter than the head and the-pistonspace in the cylinder, said head containing a balancing port coperatively arrangedl to assist said balancing cavity and.

valve operating gearing deriving motion 1 9.y In an internal'coinbustion engine, a cylinder and a piston therein, in combination with: a cylinder'head xed in the end 'lof said cylinder, 'the' inner and outer ends of said head being tightly `jointed to 'said cylinder, the intermediate portion of said head beingof less diameter than the adjacent portion of the cylinder andl concentricv therewith an annular valve cavity being there- -by formed between vsaid ends of the head, one side of said head and cylinder containing admission and exhaust ports which open into said cavity, an annular valve ef slightly greater diameter than thejheadiand of slightly less diameter than said adjacent portion of the cylinderand occupying said cavity, said valve' containing av port positionedto register with aforesaid ports,- said cylinder containinga balancing cavity-opening into said valve cavity adjacent the ports in the cylinder and in communication with the p'ston space in the cylinder, .said head containing a, balancing port positioned to operatively coperate with said balancing cavity to` relieve said valve of -unbalancing' pressure, and valve operating gearing acting on the 'valve adjacent .the balancing port in the head and deriving motion :from said piston. s u

20. In an internalcombustion engine, a cylinderAv and a pistontherein, in 4combination with a cylinderhead, bothy the head and cylinder having admission and exhaust ports and concentric therewith and adapted to close said ports, said valve'having'one or more ports ladapted to register with` attiresaid ports, said cylindercontaining a balancing cavity opening` against the outer side 'of said valve and communicatingwith .the piston space in the cylinder, said head containing a balancing cavity opening against in one side, an 'annularlvalve posif tioned within the cylinder between the head\105 the 4inner side of said valve, means for supplying oil to said valve, and means for loperating said valve intime with thelmovefments of said piston. i

21. In an linternal combustion engine, a cylinder and a piston therein, in' combination with a 4cylinder head Vixedin the end ot said cylinder, said 'head being of less diameter than lthe adjacent portion of the cylinder and' concentric therewith an annu lar valve leavity being thereby formed'between the head and cylinder, said head and lcylinder containing admission and exhaust ports which open into said cavity, an annularfvalve occupying said cavity, said valve containing a .port positioned toregister with aforesaid ports, said cylinder containinglgfa balancing cavity opening into, said valve cavity adjacent the ports in the cylinderI and in communication with the piston space n balancingcavity and valve operating gearing deriving motion from said piston.

22. I n an internal combustion engine a cylinder containing admission and exhaust ports positioned in the Walls near the head of the cylinder, in combination with a piston in said cylinder, a sleeve valve concentric with the portion of the cylinder coni' vthe effect of said ports on said valve.

taining said ports, a cylinder head closing the end ofthe cylinder, t'tinguwithin said4 valve and having complementary admission and exhaust ports, means for actuating said valve to open and close said ports, and cavities in both the cylinder and head opening against the valve, said cavities balancing 23. In an internal combustion engine, a cylindery and a piston therein', 1n `combination with a cylinder' head liked Wholly Within the end of said cylinder. said head being of less diameter than the adjacent portion of the cylinder and concentric therewith an annular valve cavity being thereby formed between the cylinder and head, one side of said cylinder containing admission and exhaust ports which open into said cavityh a port controlling sleeve valve occupying sald valve cavity and balancing cavities'in the cylinder and head allowing pressure to operate upon the inner and outer peripheries, respectively, ofsaid valve and substantially balancing said valve in said cavity, and valve'operatinggearing acting on the valve and deriv-l ing motion from said piston.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand,`this th day of Dec., 1911, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD n. BELDN.

Witnesses T. E. STONE, n N. J. LEvnNsoN.

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