US1656770A - Valve mechanism for internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 17,-1794287;

R. W. A. BREWER VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Nov. 21, 1924 Patented Jan. 17, 1928.

1,656,710N y UNITED STATES PATENT orifice.

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VALVE MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

rApplication, filed November 21, 19224.V Serial No. 751,242.

rIhis invention particularly relates to a. method otconstruction of a light slide valve, and particularly to a method of connecting the same to its operating mechanism so that the operating attachment is removed `from direct contact with the flame in the combustion chamber ot an internalcombustion engine.. y

rlhe main object of this invention is to provide a method of attachment and control in combination ,with valve mechanism described .in United States Patents 1,292,783 and 1,439,894, and it is equally applicable to both vtypes ot split cud valves described therein., f

Another object of this invention is to provide a sealing means for a segmental valve which passes through an annulus communieating with the combustion chamber in the engine, and to yprovide suitable stops so that the pressure Within the coi'nbustion chamber is resisted by these stopsrather `than by the actuating mechanism, which stops further aid in locating` the valve itself in the means provided for retaining the same in position.

Another object of my invention is :to locate asleeve valve particularly of the split cutltype Within its containing annulus so that it may be easily and accurately assembled therein, irrespective of small mechanical errors in the machining of `the containing arts.

Another objectof my inventionis to provide a construction Which ijs simple and cheap to manufacturdand which doesnot depend` `tor its -satisfactoryv `performance upon accurate tolerancesandclearances.

Another object of my invention is to dispose the segmental valve within its containing means so that a. minimum surface oli the valve is exposed to the temperature of the flame, and a maximum of the surface is rin contact with heat-conducting media, for eX- ample, Water cooled passages.

`Another `object ofmy invention is to provide a construction which permits the operation of the valve to be carried out by conventional mechanism for example, push rods and rocher arms, or an overhead cam shaft directly or indirectly operating the valve from the faces of the cams themselves. .further object of my invention is to reduce the number of springs required when this type ot mechanism is actuated by a uni-directional cam and by disposing `a single spring in the manner shown, any number of radially placed reciprocating mechanisms can be operated,provided that they do not synchronize intheir movements in a con- :dieting manner.

Another object of my invention is to provide a combustion chamber o'tI approXimately spherical shape having absence of local areas which can become unduly heated. By provision of such a form it is possible to operate at pressures considerably higher than those in common practice with a. resulting' increase in power output vfrom the same sized engine cylinders. Some of the methods by which these various objects are obtained are lrnovvn in connection with different constructions1 butin the known forms have detects, particularly idcntiedwith possibilities of the collection of solid deposits, and with the presentation of masses of metal to flame action.

Further, known and describedymethods of operating such valves involve enpensiveand special processes or those requiring very careful adjustment.V i

The described construction is suitable for application to anyexisting type ot .internal lcombustion engine which has aidetachable head, and comprises principally they provision of a replacement head characterized by .1

a` Water-cooled covering containing cylindrical openings, provided with suitable cylindrical stoppers for closure members so disposed in the complete assembly as to provide an `annular space between cylindrical openingsand .closure `members in which the de scribed segmental valves arerdisposed.

For the` purposeo illustrating my invention, I .have shown inthe `accompanying drawings forms thereof which are at present preferred by me, since` they will be found in practice to give satisfactory and reilable results, although it is to be understood lthat the `various instrumentalities ot which my invention consists ycan be variously arranged and organized and that `my invention is not limited to the precise arrangement and organisation ot these `lustrumcntalities as herein shown and described.

Figure l represents a vertical `sectional. vieu7 oil" a valve mechanism for internal coin- .bustion engines embodying my invention, 'certain of `the parts being shown `in elevation. l

VFigure 2- represents a horizontal section of lill.

Figure 1, the section being taken on line 2-*2 ol Figure 1,' the parts at the lett ol Figure 2 being shown in plan. y

Figure 3 represents a Vertical sectional View of another embodiment ol niy invention. l i Y Figure il represents a perspective View ot the left hand segmental valve seen in Figures 1 and 2 in detached position.

VSimilar numerals ot reference indicate corresponding parts.` 1

Referring nowtothe drat'ings, Figure l, shows one application ot this inif'ention in which 1 represents a cylinder head; 2 represents a segmental port in the saine, for the admission ot explosive nlixture.V 3 `is `the exhaust port, and fl is the closing member or plug. Between it and the cylinder head is en annular space 5; situatedinthis space the segmental valve G, operative with re gard to inlet port 2 and the segmental valve 7, operative with regard to exhaust port These 1valves are preferably retained Within the annular space' 5 by the packing rings 8, and are extended beyond these rings into the spring chamber 9 which encloses the spring 10. are in this space attached to operating rods 11,preferably` through the medium otshoe pieces 12, Weldedor otherwise iirinly lined to theextensions ot the valves. rods 11 are mounted in suitable` eccentric bushes 13,1!reely placed-in suitable `bosses in the cover plate la, which eccentric bushes can be adjusted after removal oi the parts by a slight rotational movement such as described in U. S. Patent No. 12991,? 83, to Wit:

a lgrub screw passing through the boss or ay locking washer orplate engaging with seu rationsor latsan'd the extended part ot the bush 13, which methods are usedin common practice, so "that the reciprocating parts herein described are properly in line, and

have freedom of motion. i The said eccentric bushes can tlienbe locked in position by any known convenient means. The hole in the bush 13 through which passesthe stem 11, is not concentric Vwith the outside part of the bush 13 which tits into the boss ot the cover plate lll. It Will be obvious that in suoli a. construction any rotation ot the bush 13 in its containing boss will shift the center oit the hole in the bush relatively to the center ot the holein the containing boss and thus the Valve or cover plate 6 or 7 can he adjusted With regard to the containing parts, to `wit: the closure plug 4 and the bore of the cylinder head 1. i i

In the arrangement shown a single coil spring 1() is so disposed that it is operative on the two reciprocating mechanisms andit will be clearly understood that the two operating mechanisms comprising the segmental valves (5 and 7 can be Vactuated in unison andcontrol inlet and exhaust ports suitably The extensions ot the segmental. vaines oiV gas The operating Lenscare disposed for example, intnfo rings,or the said valves can be operated iiulcliendently so that one actuatcs inlet port and the other actnates the exhaust port. The spring 10 is ot' relatively large diameter and is enclosed in chamber `t? between the cylinder head closure plug t and the cover plate la and is ar ranged to press against the underside of the extension 1:2 et 'valve Steins 11, The depression ot one stein 1l, by its actuating incollanisin, cannes one side ol" the spring ltlto be` depressed and docs not depress thewhole siningbecause the spring is ol? large ineen` diameter and the increment is sn1all.` By this arrangement and `because ot the inaterial ol' which the spring is composed, a large total ot' spr' iq' steel ot the desired tlenibility can be ph l in a small space and serves a double duly since cach diametrically opposite portion ot' the spring nnallected by slight increment ot the portion ot the spring at the opposite end ol the diameter.'

liteterring particularly to the separateand independent movement of the two `shoes, Figure l l s `an annular pi'ojt-otion` or ridge 15, resting` upon the rirn of the closure head or plug insucli a inanner that an efl lectivo seal made prerenting `the escape l atthc tiine ojt ignition and during the greater partot the working stroke.L i

The mechanism heilig ln'elerably cani operated, the sleeve .in the pi'ieition shown duringthisperiod. The ridge 15 also sut- @i to react against the pressure Within the 'l e; combustion chamber tending to force uthe l valves outwards through theauiace and the presence oit the ridge in this pcition relieves the `actuating mecha.- nisin.oltpressnra which` 'would come upon it otherwise. The ridge 15 may ahnt against the circuinlcrential termination ol the closure plug ll in theposition shown in the drawing ln'henl the inaxinnnn pressure exists in the combustion chamber. `This pressure tends tofiforce the Tmires fi and 7 out of the annulus and the atunctiou of the ridge 15, is to prerent this` occurring and` to provide a contactingsurface to torni a pressure seal. This contacting surface is subsidiary to the scaling `means, :tor example the rings 8 shonin on 'the dra Wing, and is shaped so as to lorce the closure plates `or taires tl and 't outii'ards towards their containing Walls.

Figure l shows a modified construction of 'Valve mechanism in which an increased amount oit'protection is giron lo the valve by enclosing the lower part of it with an additional Water-coolednall. This crnistriiction alle provides` a confrltrilion between the combustion chan'iber and the working part ot the cylinder, the object oi' the said constriction being to increase the amount nl tur; bnlence of the working tluidupon the coin pression stroke of the engine just prior to the timing ot the ignition. The constriction lill lau

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:assegno 2l shown in Figure 3 has desirable features, particularly with regard to this type ot valve mechanism and port arrangen'ient, as

`previous practice has shown that sucienty turbulencedoes not always exist for the best efficiency of combustion, particularly at low engine speeds. n

The posit-ionot the spark plug can preferably be as shown in Figure l and this, combined with a suitable piston head form 17, provides a desirable shape of combustion chamber tor permitting high compression pressures to be used. Water spaces are indicated at 18, inlet passages at 19, and exhaust passages at 20.

Having thus describedmy invention What tclaim as new and desire to secure by Letters latenhisrl. .ln an internal combustion engine a power cylinder, a cylinder head, segmental inlet and outlet ports, a sectional sleeve valve reciprocable Within the said cylinder head to control the opening ot said ports, said sleeve 'being provided vwith a circumferential ridge on its inner face juxtaposed to the outer edge ot the enclosed cylinder head member and operative With respect thereto, when the ports are closed by the said sleeve.

Q. ln an internal combustion engine, a power cylinder having fluid passages opening in two segmental ports Within the said cylinder at the head thereof, a valve containing annulus, segmental. valves adapted to cover said ports, an annular passage between the cylinder head closing member and the y Water-jacket ot the cylinder containing said segmental valves an extension of each of said valves passing through the annulus and providing an operating means, a single spring in said cylinder for the return motionot both valve operating means, and suitable mechanism to impart reciprocating motion to each extension independently.

3. In an internal combustion engine including a povver cylinder, having segmental inletl and exhaust ports in the cylinder head, two segmental sleeves mounted in an annular` chamber adjacent to the combustion chamber and reciprocable therein, and controlling the opening and closing of said ports, means tor sealing the annulus when the sleeves are stationary during the combustion stroke of the engine and means for actuating the segmental sleeves and a single spring in said cylinder for the return motion of both valve operating means.

4f. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having a cylinder head, segmental inlet and exhaust ports inthe cylinder head, two segmental sleeves mounted in an annular chamber adjacent to 'the combustion chamber, said sleeves operating in a similar .manner to each other and in ditlerent phase to each other and controlling the timing of the opening and closing or the inlet and exhaust ports respectively and means for operating the said sleeves and a single spring in said cylinder for the return motion of both valve operating means.

5. ln an internal combustion engine having segmental ports for inlet and exhaust in the combustion chamber thereof, two segmental closure plates capable oit independent reciprocating motion and mounted in an adjacent annulus so disposed with reference to said ports that openings in the said plates uncover the ports when the plates move towards the pistons, means ior sealing the annulus circumt'erentially at the combustion chamber, when said ports are closed by the said plates and means tor reciprocating said plates.

6. In a segmental sleeve valve mechanism, wherein two independently actuated cover plates are reciprocated With reference to segmental ports in the combustion chamber ot an internal combustion engine cylinder, one spring so disposed in the cylinder head as lto actuate two cover plates. y

7. In an internal combustion engine, a power cylinder provided With segmental inlet and exhaust ports Within said cylinder at the head thereof, a head closure plug, a sleeve valve adapted to control 'said ports, comprising a segment contained in an annulus between the cylinder head and the cylinder head closure'plug and an extension of said annulus provided to contain that portion oit the valve betvveen said ports and the engine piston.

8. ln an internal combustion,` engine, "a cylinder, a combustion chamber, a cylinder head, a reciprocating slide valve in said combustion chamber operative in an axial direction With regard to segmental ports in said combustion chamber and an annulus supporting the edge of the valve remote from saidcylinder head.

9. ln an internal 'combustion engine, a cylinder, a combustion chamber, a cylinder head, a reciprocating slide valve in said combustion chamber operative in an axial direction `with regard to segmental ports in said combustion chamber and an annulus supporting the edge ot the valve remote from the said cylinder head, said annulus forming a local restriction in the diameter of said combustion chamber.

l0. ln an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a combustion chamber, a cylinder head, a reciprocating slide valve in said combustion chamber operative in an axial direction with regard to segmental ports in said combustion chamber, an annulus supporting the edge of the valve remote from said cylinder head, said annulus forming a local restriction in the diameter of the combustion chamber and a Water jacket connecting with the Water jackets around the cylinders.

ROBERT W. A. BREWER.

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