US10306339B2 - Large-scale sensor network system - Google Patents

Large-scale sensor network system Download PDF

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US10306339B2
US10306339B2 US15/322,359 US201415322359A US10306339B2 US 10306339 B2 US10306339 B2 US 10306339B2 US 201415322359 A US201415322359 A US 201415322359A US 10306339 B2 US10306339 B2 US 10306339B2
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sensor
data storage
wireless
sensor terminal
wireless data
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US15/322,359
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US20170134833A1 (en
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Yasutaka Serizawa
Ryosuke Fujiwara
Masayuki Miyazaki
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
    • G01V1/162—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0052—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H02J7/025—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
    • H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
    • G01V1/247—Digital recording of seismic data, e.g. in acquisition units or nodes
    • H02J2007/005—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
    • H04Q2209/88—Providing power supply at the sub-station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a large-scale sensor network system, and particularly, to a method of collection, transmission, and management of data in a large-scale sensor network system.
  • Resource exploration uses various methods depending on the phase of exploration, and a seismic reflection exploration method is known as one of major methods used to finally specify the place where resources are buried.
  • This method involves generating an artificial vibration from an artificial seismic source disposed on an earth surface with respect to a number of vibration sensors (acceleration sensors) arranged on the earth surface, allowing the vibration sensors to receive waves reflected from respective underground layers (a soil layer, a water layer, an oil and gas layer, a basement layer, and the like), and analyzing the waveform of the wave signal to detect a geological stratum structure and a geological crust structure under the exploration target earth surface.
  • Dynamite may be used as the artificial seismic source, and a special vehicle called an earthquake simulation vehicle capable of generating an artificial seismic source may be used.
  • an earthquake simulation vehicle as an artificial seismic source
  • a sensor network that acquires vibration data and transmits data
  • a data center (a data collection vehicle) that stores the acquired data
  • the conventional sensor network is configured using a communication line and a power supply line.
  • the cable configuration the number of sensors that perform measurement simultaneously is limited, the installation and design is restricted due to obstacles (forest, jungle, or the like) on the field, and field facilities such as a large-capacity power facility and a large-scale data center (data collection vehicle) are required, which are one of the causes that increase the cost.
  • the cableless resource exploration system Since it is difficult for the cable system to further improve the resource exploration efficiency as described above, the use of a cableless resource exploration system has been discussed. Since the cableless system enables sensor terminals to be installed in a place where the sensor terminals cannot be installed in the cable system and eliminates the need of field facilities, it is possible to reduce the cost remarkably.
  • the existing cableless resource exploration system employs a battery drive method, transmits data according to a wireless multi-hop method, and transmits data to a data center using installed sensor terminals according to a bucket brigade method. Due to this, since it is necessary to constantly turn on wireless modules of the sensor terminals during measurement, the cableless resource exploration system consumes a large amount of power and can be operated for approximately ten days only.
  • the cableless resource exploration system requires a low-power consumption system which enables a long period of operation with batteries.
  • a sensor data quantity per sensor terminal exceeds 10 GB
  • an entire large-scale sensor system needs to transmit and process data of several hundreds of TB or more in a day, and a method of wirelessly transmitting the large quantity of data to a data center is required. That is, a problem to be solved by the present invention is to realize a resource exploration system which can be operated with low power (long battery service life) and enables high-speed simultaneous data transmission.
  • the present invention provides a resource exploration system which uses terminal data storage-type sensor terminals, in which vibration data sensed by the sensor terminal is always written to a memory in the terminal during a predetermined operation period rather than transmitting the data according to the conventional wireless multi-hop method.
  • the sensor terminal is stored in a data collection and charging device, and the data stored in the sensor terminal is automatically transmitted to the data collection and charging device via high-speed wireless communication upon detecting the storage of the sensor terminal in the data collection and charging device, and the data is transmitted to a data center using a cable communication line (LAN or the like) connected to the data collection and charging device.
  • LAN local area network
  • the data collection and charging device automatically charges the battery in the sensor terminal upon detecting the storage of the sensor terminal.
  • the data collection and transmission device always turns on the non-contact charging function so that data transmission and charging can be started simultaneously with storage of the sensor terminal, and the sensor terminal starts high-speed data transmission using the start of charging as a trigger.
  • the sensor terminal includes a sensor unit that acquires vibration data, a charging unit that performs a charging function, a data transmission unit that performs high-speed data communication, and an auxiliary measurement unit for acquiring auxiliary data for measuring the vibration data.
  • the sensor terminal since the sensor terminal needs to operate with low power consumption in a vibration data measurement period, the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit only necessary for measuring the vibration data are operated.
  • the sensor unit needs to be turned on always to perform measurement always.
  • the auxiliary measurement unit is activated intermittently since the auxiliary measurement unit needs to acquire data at necessary timings only.
  • the sensor terminal detects whether power is supplied from a data collection and charging device and automatically turns off the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit to activate the data transmission unit. In this way, it is possible to ensure a long-term operation by reducing the power consumption during acquisition of vibration data, improve operation efficiency by automatically switching an operation mode, and accelerate data transmission.
  • the charging unit (a non-contact charging circuit) of the sensor terminal is a passive circuit, the charging unit consumes no power in a state in which the sensor terminal is not stored in the data collection and charging device.
  • a large-scale sensor network including several tens to several hundreds of thousands or more of sensor terminals, capable of ensuring a long-term operation by reducing the power consumption during acquisition of data, improving operation efficiency by automatically switching an operation mode, and accelerating data transmission.
  • the large-scale sensor network is a cableless system (wireless power feeding and wireless data transmission) and the sensor terminal does not require a cable connector or the like, the large-scale sensor network can be easily designed to have robustness to environments (water and dust proofness).
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of an entire large-scale sensor network system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image in which a sensor terminal of the present invention is stored in a data collection and charging device.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a sensor terminal.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration example of a data collection and charging device.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a basic state transition flow of the sensor terminal of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state transition flow of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to interception of an instruction signal of an earthquake simulation vehicle and suspension of the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit in response to interception of a response signal in the sensor terminal of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a timing chart of activation of a sensor unit in response to an interception of an instruction signal of an earthquake simulation vehicle and suspension of the sensor unit in response to interception of a response signal in a large-scale sensor network system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a timing chart of activation of a sensor unit by a timer when it was not possible to intercept an instruction signal of an earthquake simulation vehicle and suspension of the sensor unit by the timer when it was not possible to intercept a response signal in the large-scale sensor network system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a timing chart of suspension of a sensor unit in response to interception of a response signal of an earthquake simulation vehicle in the large-scale sensor network system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state transition flow of suspension of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to interception of a response signal of an earthquake simulation vehicle in the sensor terminal of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a state transition flow of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to an activation trigger signal from a control device in the sensor terminal of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vibration pattern that serves as a trigger of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to a vibration pattern.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vibration pattern that serves as a trigger of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to detection of an impact and an example of a threshold set thereto.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vibration pattern that serves as a trigger of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to detection of a vibration direction and an example of a threshold set thereto.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a threshold illuminance that serves as a trigger of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to detection of illuminance.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a GPS measurement value that serves as a trigger of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to detection of a GPS measurement value and an example of a determination region set thereto.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a temperature change pattern that serves as a trigger of activation of a sensor unit and an auxiliary measurement unit in response to detection of a temperature difference and an example of a determination temperature range set thereto.
  • FIG. 18 is a communication timing diagram of an intermittent operation required for wireless control.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example when state monitoring and health check are performed using a state monitoring and controlling monitor when a sensor terminal is stored in a data collection and charging device.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a state transition flow of a sensor terminal when state monitoring and health check are performed using a state monitoring and controlling monitor when the sensor terminal is stored in a data collection and charging device.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a field installation state before an RFID for notifying a control center of an alarm writes addresses when the remaining battery power of a sensor terminal of a sensor network is low or an operation defect occurs in a large-scale sensor network system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a field installation state after an RFID for notifying a control center of an alarm writes addresses when the remaining battery power of a sensor terminal of a sensor network is low or an operation defect occurs in a large-scale sensor network system of the present invention.
  • state transition flow of the embodiments of the present invention is implemented by software that runs on a general purpose computer including a microcomputer (or a processor) as will be described later, the state transition flow may be implemented by dedicated hardware or a combination of software and hardware.
  • numerical values such as the number of sensor terminals installed, a communication speed, or an operation period are numerical values for description of embodiments and are not limited by the numerical values used in the following description.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of an entire large-scale sensor network system.
  • a vibration generation source an earthquake simulation vehicle
  • each sensor terminal observes seismic waves which are transmitted underground from the vibration generation source G and reflected by respective strata to arrive on the ground (or underground).
  • a plurality of vibration generation sources (earthquake simulation vehicles) G are disposed on the field (G 1 and G 2 ), and generate vibration in a synchronized manner according to a base station control wireless command transmitted from a control center S via a radio base station B in some cases.
  • the sensor terminals 1 s to 10000 s storing vibration data acquired in the measurement target field f are transported to a data collection and charging facility d in which one hundred thousand collection and charging devices 1 c to 10000 c and the sensor terminals 1 s to 10000 s are stored in the collection and charging devices 1 c to 10000 c.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an image in which a sensor terminal is stored in a data collection and charging device.
  • a state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 is a monitor device in which a wireless module for accessing a control wireless device mounted on the sensor terminal 200 is mounted.
  • the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 can monitor the state of the sensor terminal 200 (instantaneous sensor value data, GPS data, temperature, notification of completion of data transmission, notification of completion of charging, and the like) via wireless communication and can issue various commands to the sensor terminal 200 and control the sensor terminal 200 .
  • Power is supplied from a power supply P to the data collection and charging device 201 via a power cable C.
  • the data collection and charging facility d may be a data collection vehicle (a field truck) provided on the measurement target field f or may be a dedicated facility, for example.
  • the power supply P may be a power supply infrastructure of the data collection vehicle or the dedicated facility, a power generation system, a generator, or the like.
  • Examples of the wireless transmission method include various specific low-power wireless systems including wireless LAN (WiFi), and millimeter radio communication.
  • the vibration data collected by the data collection and charging device is transmitted from the data collection and charging facility d and stored in a server sv provided in the control center S using a communication cable L.
  • the collection and charging device may be transported to the control center S by the collection vehicle and data may be transmitted by cables from the control center S to the server sv.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a configuration of a sensor terminal.
  • This configuration example illustrates a configuration of a largest scale according to the present invention, and a partial configuration of the present configuration or another configuration which uses the partial configuration may be employed.
  • the sensor terminal roughly includes a sensor unit, an auxiliary measurement unit, a data transmission unit, and a charging unit, and a microcomputer 301 controls the respective units according to a control program recorded therein to allow the state of the sensor terminal to transition.
  • the sensor unit is configured as a sensor circuit 304 .
  • the sensor circuit 304 outputs a sensor value to the microcomputer 301 according to a sensor acquisition request from the microcomputer 301 and the microcomputer 301 stores the acquired sensor value in a memory 305 .
  • the auxiliary measurement unit includes a GPS 303 and an inclination sensor 302 .
  • the auxiliary measurement unit specifies an installation place of the sensor terminal using the GPS 303 and synchronizes the acquisition time points of the vibration data acquired by the large number of respective sensor terminals.
  • the inclination sensor 302 measures an installation inclination of the sensor terminal to correct the vibration data.
  • the data transmission unit includes a communication microcomputer 306 dedicated for high-speed data communication and a wireless data module 307 .
  • the charging unit is configured as a non-contact power feeding circuit 309 .
  • the power feeding circuit 309 is a passive circuit and is connected to a battery 308 . Current flows through the power feeding circuit 309 to charge the battery 308 when the sensor terminal is stored in the data collection and charging device only.
  • thermometer 3010 and an illuminometer 3011 for detecting the state of the sensor terminal are mounted to detect the state of the sensor terminal from the outside via a wireless control module 3012 .
  • the wireless control module 3012 can receive a wireless signal from the outside, transmit the signal to the microcomputer 201 , convert a response from the microcomputer to a wireless packet, and transmit the wireless packet to the outside via an antenna 3014 .
  • the sensor terminal can be controlled from the outside.
  • the state can be transitioned by a timer 3013 as a backup.
  • a wireless control antenna 3014 , a wireless data antenna 3015 , and an RFID circuit 3016 are provided.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a configuration example of a data collection and charging device of the present invention.
  • the data collection and charging device includes a charging system including a charge control microcomputer 401 , a power feeding circuit 402 , and a power supply circuit 403 and a data transmission system including a communication microcomputer 404 , a wireless data module 405 , and an antenna 406 .
  • a charging system including a charge control microcomputer 401 , a power feeding circuit 402 , and a power supply circuit 403 and a data transmission system including a communication microcomputer 404 , a wireless data module 405 , and an antenna 406 .
  • the vibration data is wirelessly transmitted from the sensor terminal at a high speed
  • wireless waves are transmitted to the wireless data module 405 by the antenna 406 and converted to a digital signal by the wireless data module 405 , and the vibration data is transmitted to the communication microcomputer 404 .
  • the communication microcomputer 404 transmits the received vibration data to the server via a communication cable (an optical fiber or a LAN cable) connected to the data collection and charging device.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a basic state transition flowchart of the sensor terminal.
  • the sensor terminal turns on the charge power reception circuit (the charging unit), the control signal reception circuit (the wireless control 3012 ), and the microcomputer 301 only and immediately checks whether power is supplied from the outside by a non-contact power feeding method (S 502 ).
  • the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are turned on (S 511 ).
  • the charging unit is turned on and the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are turned off (S 503 ). After that, it is checked whether data to be transmitted is present in the sensor terminal (S 504 ), and the data transmission unit is turned on when the data is present (S 505 ).
  • Embodiment 2 a case in which the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G generates an artificial vibration in response to receiving a control signal from the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G transmits a response signal to the control center S when a necessary artificial vibration is generated, the sensor terminal intercepts the control signal from the control center S and the response signal from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit of the sensor terminal are activated and suspended using the control signal and the response signal as triggers to suppress the operation of the sensor terminal (particularly, the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit which are generally considered to consume a large amount of power) as much as possible to realize low power consumption will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8 .
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a state transition flow when the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit of the sensor terminal are activated and suspended by intercepting the control signal and the response signal from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle).
  • This flow starts from S 601 , and the flow when it is checked in S 602 that charging power is supplied is substantially the same as that of Embodiment 1 ( FIG. 5 ), and the description thereof will not be provided.
  • the only difference is that the turning off of the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit is omitted in S 603 of turning the charging unit on.
  • this process may be inserted, the process is omitted in the flowchart since the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are to be turned off when S 603 of turning the charging unit on is performed.
  • an activation timer is operated using the timer 3013 .
  • the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are turned on using an event which occurs earlier among an event indicating the end of countdown of the activation timer and an event indicating interception of the control signal from the control center to the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G in S 612 and S 613 as a trigger (S 614 ).
  • a suspension timer is activated using the timer 3013 (S 615 ).
  • the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are suspended using an event which occurs earlier among an event indicating the end of countdown of the suspension timer and an event indicating interception of the response signal from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G to the control center S in S 616 and S 617 as a trigger (S 610 ).
  • the sensor terminal allows the charge power reception circuit (the charging unit), the control signal reception circuit (the wireless control 3012 ), the microcomputer 301 , and the timer 3013 to remain in the ON state.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a timing chart of the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the sensor terminal is when the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit of the sensor terminal are activated and suspended by intercepting the control signal and the response signal from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle).
  • the control center S transmits a control signal 700 including information on a vibration pattern, a timing 720 , and the like to the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G disposed on the field.
  • the sensor terminal Upon intercepting the control signal from the control center S, the sensor terminal is activates 714 the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit and immediately transitions to a measurement state 715 .
  • the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G receives the control signal from the control center and generates a vibration 710 for 45 seconds after the elapse of 20 seconds in the example of FIG. 7 .
  • the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G transmits a response (end of vibration) 701 to the control center S after the elapse of a predetermined period (15 seconds in the example of FIG. 7 ) and moves 711 to a subsequent vibration point after the elapse of 10 seconds.
  • the control center S having received the response (end of vibration) 701 transitions to a standby state to receive a response (completion of preparation of movement and earthquake simulation) 702 from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G.
  • the sensor terminal having intercepted the response (end of vibration) 701 from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G suspends 716 the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit and allows the charge power reception circuit (the charging unit), the control signal reception circuit (the wireless control 3012 ), the microcomputer 301 , and the timer 3013 to remain in the ON state.
  • the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G transmits a response (completion of preparation of movement and earthquake simulation) 702 to the control center S in a stage where preparation of movement and earthquake simulation is completed, and the control center having received the response 702 transmits a control signal 703 to the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G after the elapse of a predetermined period (30 seconds in FIG. 7 ).
  • the timing chart illustrated in FIG. 8 illustrates a case in which the sensor terminal 1 s is activated and suspended by the timer 3013 included in the sensor terminal, and the timer 3013 is used as a state transition backup means when the sensor terminal is cannot intercept the control signal of the control center S and the response signal of the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G.
  • the suspension timer is operated (for 90 seconds in FIG. 8 ) after activation of the sensor terminal is, and the sensor terminal transitions to a standby state to receive the response (end of vibration) 801 from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G.
  • the sensor terminal transitions to a suspended state 816 (in which the charge power reception circuit (the charging unit), the control signal reception circuit (the wireless control 3012 ), the microcomputer 301 , and the timer 3013 remain in the ON state) using interception of the response (end of vibration) 801 from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G or the end of countdown of the suspension timer as a trigger while performing measurement 815 . Since the sensor terminal has failed in interception as indicated by failure in response (end of vibration) 822 interception in FIG. 8 , the sensor terminal succeeds in transitioning to the suspended state 816 by the countdown (90 seconds) of the backed-up timer.
  • the sensor terminal Immediately after transitioning to the suspended state 816 , the sensor terminal operates the activation timer (for 55 seconds in FIG. 8 ) and at the same time, performs standby to receive the control signal 803 of the control center S.
  • the sensor terminal 1 s is activated 817 by the activation timer set to 55 seconds and immediately operates the suspension timer (90 seconds).
  • the sensor terminal since the sensor terminal has received a response (end of vibration) from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G before the end of countdown of the suspension timer, the sensor terminal transitions to the suspended state 819 .
  • the activation timer (65 seconds) was operated immediately after the suspended state 819 , since the sensor terminal has intercepted the control signal 806 before the end of countdown of the activation timer, the sensor terminal is activated 820 according to the control signal 806 .
  • the timer values of the activation timer and the suspension timer used by the sensor terminal is are calculated by the control center based on the timing information 821 transmitted from the control center S to the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G and are included in the control signals ( 800 , 803 ) and are notified to the sensor terminal is.
  • the latest received timer value is used.
  • Embodiment 3 a case in which the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G generates an artificial vibration in response to receiving a control signal from the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G transmits a response signal to the control center S when a necessary artificial vibration is generated, the sensor terminal intercepts the response signal from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit of the sensor terminal are activated and suspended using the response signal as a trigger to suppress the operation of the sensor terminal (particularly, the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit which are generally considered to consume a large amount of power) as much as possible to realize low power consumption will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 .
  • the control signal is used as an activation trigger and the response signal is used as a suspension trigger.
  • the response signal is used as a suspension trigger.
  • the sensor terminal 1 s is activated 914 upon receiving a control signal 900 from the control center S and performs measurement 915 . Since the sensor terminal has received a response (end of vibration) 901 from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, the sensor terminal is suspended 916 , operates the activation timer (50 seconds) and is activated 917 again after the elapse of 50 seconds. In measurement cycle ( 2 ), although the sensor terminal performs measurement 918 , since the control signal from the control center S is received during the measurement 918 , the control signal is ignored.
  • the sensor terminal since the sensor terminal is has failed to intercept 919 a response (end of vibration) 904 of the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, measurement is continued until the sensor terminal succeeds in interception of the response (end of vibration) of the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G in a subsequent measurement cycle.
  • the timer values of the activation timer and the suspension timer used by the sensor terminal is are calculated by the control center based on the timing information 921 transmitted from the control center S to the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G and are included in the control signals ( 900 , 903 ) and are notified to the sensor terminal is.
  • the latest received timer value is used.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a state transition flow of the sensor terminal is in the present embodiment.
  • the flow of S 1001 to S 1010 is the same as the flow of Embodiment 1 and the redundant description thereof will not be provided.
  • S 1001 it is checked whether charging power is supplied (S 1002 ).
  • S 1002 the charging power is not supplied (N)
  • the ON state of the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit is checked.
  • S 1016 checking of the response signal (end of vibration) from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G and checking (S 1002 ) of charging power are repeated.
  • the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are suspended (the charge power reception circuit (the charging unit), the control signal reception circuit (the wireless control 3012 ), the microcomputer 301 , and the timer 3013 remain in the ON state) (S 1010 ).
  • the activation timer is turned on and the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are turned on (S 1015 ) using the end of countdown of the activation timer or the reception of the control signal as a trigger in S 1012 , S 1013 , and S 1014 , and the flow proceeds to S 1016 to check the response signal (end of vibration).
  • Embodiment 4 a method of activating the sensor terminal (the sensor unit) using various trigger signals described later rather than activating the same according to wireless signals transmitted from the control center S and the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G will be described.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a state transition flow of a sensor terminal according to the present embodiment.
  • the flow of S 1101 to S 1110 is the same as the flow of the above-described embodiment and the redundant description thereof will not be provided.
  • a wireless control circuit, an auxiliary measurement unit or a thermometer/illuminometer, and a power feeding circuit only are turned on during the start (S 1101 ) and the suspension (S 1110 ), only a minimum necessary number of constituent elements (only a portion of the auxiliary measurement unit or the like) maybe turned on depending on the situation.
  • the sensor unit and the auxiliary measurement unit are turned on by the wireless control interface 3012 of the sensor terminal is using a wireless control function mounted on the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 such as a handy control PC and a tablet PC.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a vibration data pattern.
  • a constant vibration pattern is generated to activate the sensor terminal is by the control of the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, an activation vibration pattern is determined using the auxiliary measurement unit (the inclination sensor 302 ) which can operate with low power consumption within the sensor terminal, and the microcomputer 301 determines whether the activation vibration pattern matches an activation vibration pattern stored in the memory 305 .
  • the sensor unit is activated when the patterns match each other. In the example of FIG. 12 , it is assumed that the sensor unit is turned on when a vibration having the cycle of 1 second is observed six times as an example.
  • An impact vibration may be used as an activation trigger.
  • the sensor terminal may be installed on the ground surface using a tool like a hammer.
  • a threshold is set to vibration intensity as in FIG. 13 , and the sensor unit is turned on when a vibration that exceeds the threshold is observed by the inclination sensor 302 of the auxiliary measurement unit.
  • the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G Since the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G is installed on an earth surface, an initial vibration propagates through the earth surface. Due to this, it is considered that a component in the earth surface direction is dominant in the initial vibration from the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G. Therefore, when the initial vibration is observed using a three-axis inclination sensor, the vibration intensity in the earth surface direction (two axes) exceeds a threshold as in the upper diagram of FIG. 14 , and the vibration intensity in the underground direction is small as in the lower diagram in FIG. 14 , it is determined that the observed vibration is the initial vibration component of the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the sensor unit is turned on.
  • the illuminometer 3011 When the illuminometer 3011 is mounted on the sensor terminal, and the illuminance is equal to or smaller than a predetermined threshold (30%) as in FIG. 15 , it is determined that the sensor terminal is buried in the underground and that a state in which vibration can be measured is created, and the sensor unit is turned on.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an example of data that serves as a trigger of activation based on a GPS measurement value.
  • the GPS sensor value latitude and longitude
  • the GPS sets a determination range 1601 to 0.03 seconds (approximately 1 m) using the values of latitude and longitude.
  • a determination range 1602 in the time direction is set to 1 hour.
  • a determination temperature range 1701 for example, 60° C.
  • a determination time range 1702 for example, one day
  • the sensor unit is activated.
  • a daily temperature difference is equal to or larger than a predetermined value. For example, it is easy to determine since the daily temperature difference is large in such a field as a desert.
  • the wireless control method described in Embodiments 1 to 4 will be described in detail.
  • the sensor terminal includes the wireless control interface 3012 , the power consumption thereof increases if the sensor terminal is always activated to receive wireless signals from the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 . Due to this, the sensor terminal needs to perform an intermittent operation according to an example of such a protocol as illustrated in FIG. 18 .
  • the upper diagram in FIG. 18 illustrates a protocol in which a command is wirelessly issued from the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 to the sensor terminal and the sensor terminal returns data in response to the command. Since it is assumed that a power supply is secured for the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 , these devices continuously issue a command packet 1801 intermittently with a predetermined pause (standby) period 1802 (2 milliseconds). Since the sensor terminal is operates with a battery, the sensor terminal performs standby 1800 for 10 milliseconds in every second.
  • the sensor terminal can receive the command ( 1803 ). Upon receiving the command, the sensor terminal immediately returns Ack (Acknowledgement) 1804 and immediately transmits data 1805 .
  • the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 enter into a reception standby mode upon receiving the Ack 1804 from the sensor terminal and return Ack upon receiving the transmitted data 1805 from the sensor terminal.
  • the lower diagram in FIG. 18 illustrates a protocol in which the sensor terminal is receives data in response to a command issued from the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 .
  • the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 continuously transmits a command packet 1811 intermittently and the sensor terminal receives the command ( 1813 ) when it was possible to transmit the command packet 1811 simultaneously with the reception standby mode of the sensor terminal is.
  • the sensor terminal Upon receiving the command ( 1813 ), the sensor terminal immediately returns Ack ( 1814 ) and enters into a reception standby mode ( 1815 ).
  • the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 Upon receiving the Ack ( 1814 ), the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 immediately transmit data. In this way, transmission of data to the sensor terminal is from the control center S, the vibration generation source (the earthquake simulation vehicle) G, and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 202 is completed, and the sensor terminal is returns Ack.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a configuration example when a sensor terminal is stored in the data collection and charging device and the state of the sensor terminal is monitored and the health of the sensor terminal is checked using the state monitoring and controlling monitor. Since the vibration data acquired in the field is stored in a sensor terminal 1900 , the data is collected by a collection and charging device 1901 . At the same time, the battery in the sensor terminal 1900 is automatically charged just by storing the sensor terminal in the data collection and charging device. In this case, the remaining battery power and the data transmission state are always monitored by the microcomputer 301 and the communication microcomputer 306 .
  • a notification of completion of data transmission and a notification of completion of charging are sent to a state monitoring and controlling monitor 1903 using a wireless control interface 3012 in the sensor terminal.
  • the notifications may be sent using an LED or the like disposed in the collection and charging device.
  • this method is not suitable when a large number of (approximately one hundred thousand) terminals are installed.
  • failures and defects may occur due to a long-term operation of the sensor terminal. Therefore, when the sensor terminal is stored in the data collection and charging device, the health of basic functions is checked. Specifically, when a reference vibration generation device 1902 is disposed in the collection and charging device 1901 as in FIG. 19 and the sensor terminal performs data transmission and charging, the sensor unit in the sensor terminal 1900 detects a vibration of the reference signal generation device 1902 and the state monitoring and controlling monitor 1903 monitors data. In this way, failures and defects of the sensor unit are checked. Moreover, the values obtained by the GPS 303 , the inclination sensor 302 , the thermometer 3010 , and the illuminometer 3011 are acquired to check failures and defects. The values obtained by the GPS 303 and the thermometer 3010 may be compared with the values obtained by a checking thermometer 1904 and a checking GPS 1905 as in FIG. 19 .
  • FIG. 20 illustrates the state transition flow of the sensor terminal according to the present embodiment.
  • the flow proceeds to S 1903 .
  • the subsequent processes are described in Embodiments 1 to 5, and a notification of completion of data transmission and a notification of completion of charging are sent in S 1907 and S 1909 . In this way, the notifications of completion are sent using the wireless control interface 3012 in the sensor terminal.
  • the above-described health checking can be executed.
  • the vibration data when the acquired vibration data is stored in the memory in the sensor terminal, the vibration data may be corrected by the microcomputer 301 using the temperature measurement value obtained by the thermometer 3010 and the inclination measurement value obtained by the inclination sensor 302 and the corrected vibration data may be stored in the memory 305 .
  • a vibration data correction algorithm based on the temperature characteristic data and the inclination of the sensor unit is installed in the microcomputer 301 and the memory 305 as correction reference data.
  • Embodiment 8 a method of transmitting an alarm to the control center S when failures and defects occur in the sensor terminal or the remaining battery power of the sensor terminal is low during operation of the large-scale sensor network in the field will be described.
  • the present invention can also be realized by a program code of software that implements the function of the embodiment.
  • a storage medium having recorded thereon the program code is provided to a system or a device, and a computer (or a CPU or a MPU) in the system or the device reads the program code stored in the storage medium.
  • the program code itself read from the storage medium implements the function of the aforementioned embodiment, and the program code itself and the storage medium having stored thereon the program code constitute the present invention.
  • the storage medium for providing such a program code for example, a flexible disk, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, a hard disk, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disk, CD-R, a magnetic tape, a nonvolatile memory card, ROM, or the like is used.
  • an OS operating system
  • the CPU or the like of the computer may, based on the instruction of the program code, perform some or all of the actual processes, and the function of the aforementioned embodiment may be implemented by those processes.
  • the program code of the software that implements the function of the embodiment may be distributed via a network, and thereby stored in storage means such as the hard disk or the memory in the system or the device, or the storage medium such as CD-RW or CD-R, and at the point of use, the computer (or the CPU or the MPU) in the system or the device may read the program code stored in the storage means or the storage medium and execute the program code.
  • control lines and information lines represent those that are considered to be necessary for description purposes, and do not necessarily represent all control lines and information lines that are necessary for a product. In practice, all structures may be mutually connected.

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JPWO2016006048A1 (ja) 2017-04-27
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