US10283721B2 - Material for organic electroluminescent elements, and organic electroluminescent element using same - Google Patents

Material for organic electroluminescent elements, and organic electroluminescent element using same Download PDF

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US10283721B2
US10283721B2 US15/104,661 US201415104661A US10283721B2 US 10283721 B2 US10283721 B2 US 10283721B2 US 201415104661 A US201415104661 A US 201415104661A US 10283721 B2 US10283721 B2 US 10283721B2
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Junya Ogawa
Masashi Tada
Tokiko Ueda
Takahiro Kai
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Nippon Steel Chemical and Materials Co Ltd
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device using a carborane compound as a material for an organic electroluminescent device, and more specifically, to a thin film-type device that emits light by applying an electric field to a light-emitting layer containing an organic compound.
  • an organic electroluminescent device (hereinafter referred to as organic EL device) includes a light-emitting layer and a pair of counter electrodes interposing the light-emitting layer therebetween in its simplest structure. That is, the organic EL device uses the phenomenon that, when an electric field is applied between both the electrodes, electrons are injected from a cathode and holes are injected from an anode, and each electron and each hole recombine in the light-emitting layer to emit light.
  • CBP 4,4′-bis (9-carbazolyl) biphenyl
  • Ir (ppy) 3 a tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium complex
  • carborane compounds cannot show the effectiveness, such as shown by a carborane compound, in which a carborane skeleton is bonded to dibenzothiophene at position 1, 2, or 3.
  • the present invention has an object to provide, in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, an organic EL device that has high efficiency and high driving stability and is practically useful and a compound suitable for the organic EL device.
  • the inventors of the present invention have made intensive investigations and have consequently found that, when a carborane compound in which a carborane skeleton is directly bonded to a dibenzothiophene skeleton at position 1, 2, or 3, and the carborane skeleton and the dibenzothiophene skeleton are linearly linked to each other is used in an organic EL device, the organic EL device exhibits excellent characteristics. As a result, the present invention has been completed.
  • the present invention relates to a material for an organic electroluminescent device, including a carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3).
  • a ring A represents a divalent carborane group C 2 B 10 H 10 represented by the formula (1a) or the formula (1b), and when a plurality of rings A are present in a molecule thereof, the rings may be identical to or different from each other;
  • r represents a number of repetitions and represents an integer of 0 or 1;
  • L 1 and L 2 each represent a single bond, a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or a divalent linked aromatic group formed by linking 2 to 6 aromatic groups selected from the aromatic hydrocarbon groups or the aromatic heterocyclic groups, when L 1 and L 2 each represent the linked aromatic group, the group may be linear or branched, and aromatic rings to be linked may be identical to or different from each other, and terminal L 1 and L 2 may each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, provided that when r represents 0, the single bond is excluded, and when r represents 1, at least one of L 1 or L 2 represents a group including an aromatic heterocyclic group;
  • L 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a linked aromatic group formed by linking 2 to 6 of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and when L 3 represents the linked aromatic group, the group may be linear or branched, and aromatic rings to be linked may be identical to or different from each other; and
  • the aromatic group in each of L 1 to L 3 has a substituent
  • the substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an acetyl group
  • the aromatic group may have a plurality of substituents, and the plurality of substituents may be identical to or different from each other.
  • L 1 to L 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or a linked aromatic group formed by linking 2 to 6 aromatic groups selected from the aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the aromatic heterocyclic groups.
  • L 1 to L 3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or a linked aromatic group formed by linking 2 to 6 aromatic groups selected from the aromatic heterocyclic rings.
  • r represent an integer of 0.
  • the present invention also relates to an organic electroluminescent device having a structure in which an anode, an organic layer, and a cathode are laminated on a substrate, in which the organic layer includes an organic layer containing the above-mentioned material for an organic electroluminescent device.
  • the organic layer containing the material for an organic electroluminescent device include a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant.
  • the emission wavelength of the phosphorescent light-emitting dopant have an emission maximum wavelength at 550 nm or less.
  • a material for a phosphorescent device of the present invention has a structure in which the carborane skeleton is directly bonded to carbon of the dibenzothiophene skeleton at position 1, 2, or 3, and the carborane skeleton and the dibenzothiophene skeleton are linearly linked to each other.
  • a carborane compound having such structural feature enables high-level control of the electron-injecting/transporting properties of a device because its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUNG) that affects the electron-injecting/transporting properties is widely distributed in the entirety of a molecule thereof.
  • LUNG lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
  • the compound enables efficient light emission from a dopant because the compound has the lowest triplet excitation energy (T1 energy) high enough to confine the T1 energy of the dopant.
  • T1 energy triplet excitation energy
  • the material for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention shows a satisfactory amorphous characteristic and high heat stability, and at the same time, is extremely stable in an excited state. Accordingly, an organic EL device using the material has a long driving lifetime and durability at a practical level.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view for illustrating an example of the structure of an organic EL device.
  • FIG. 2 is an NMR chart of a carborane compound 1 of the present invention.
  • a material for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is a carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3).
  • the carborane compound exhibits such excellent effects as described above probably because the compound has a structure in which a carborane skeleton is directly bonded to a dibenzothiophene skeleton at position 1, 2, or 3, and the carborane skeleton and the dibenzothiophene skeleton are linearly linked to each other.
  • L 1 and L 2 each represent a single bond, a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, or a divalent linked aromatic group.
  • the “linked aromatic group” means a linked aromatic group formed by linking 2 to 6 aromatic groups selected from the aromatic hydrocarbon groups and the aromatic heterocyclic groups.
  • the linked aromatic group may be linear or branched, and aromatic rings to be linked may be identical to or different from each other.
  • terminal L 1 and L 2 may each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. That is, the terminal L 1 and L 2 each represent the aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic heterocyclic group, the linked aromatic group, the alkyl group, or the alkoxy group.
  • the “terminal” means that the group is not present between two rings A.
  • L 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, a linked aromatic group formed by linking 2 to 6 of the substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings, an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • part or the entirety of hydrogen atoms in the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) may each be substituted with deuterium.
  • the unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group include groups each produced by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic hydrocarbon compound, such as benzene, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, tetraphenylene, fluoranthene, pyrene, or chrysene, or an aromatic hydrocarbon compound in which a plurality of those compounds are linked to each other.
  • an aromatic hydrocarbon compound in which a plurality of those compounds are linked to each other.
  • a group produced by removing a hydrogen atom from benzene, naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, or triphenylene is preferred.
  • the unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group include linking groups each produced by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic heterocyclic compound, such as pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, naphthyridine, carbazole, acridine, azepine, tribenzazepine, phenazine, phenoxazine, phenothiazine, dibenzophosphole, or dibenzoborole, or an aromatic heterocyclic compound in which a plurality of those compounds are linked to each other, or dibenzothiophene at a position except position1.
  • a group produced by removing a hydrogen atom frompyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, carbazole, or dibenzothiophene at a position except position 1 is preferred.
  • a group produced by removing a hydrogen atom from an aromatic compound in which a plurality of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds or aromatic heterocyclic compounds are linked to each other is referred to as “linked aromatic group.”
  • the linked aromatic group is a group formed by linking 2 to 6 aromatic rings, the aromatic rings to be linked may be identical to or different from each other, and both an aromatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic heterocyclic group may be included.
  • the number of the aromatic rings to be linked is preferably from 2 to 4, more preferably 2 or 3.
  • the linked aromatic group include groups each produced by removing a hydrogen atom from biphenyl, terphenyl, phenylnaphthalene, diphenylnaphthalene, phenylanthracene, diphenylanthracene, diphenylfluorene, bipyridine, bipyrimidine, bitriazine, biscarbazole, phenylpyridine, phenylpyrimidine, phenyltriazine, phenylcarbazole, diphenylpyridine, diphenyltriazine, bis (carbazolyl) benzene, or the like.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic heterocyclic group, or the linked aromatic group may have a substituent.
  • the substituent is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an acetyl group, and the alkyl group and the alkoxy group may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
  • the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, or an acetyl group.
  • alkyl group means a non-aromatic hydrocarbon group, and includes a chain hydrocarbon group, and as well, a cyclic hydrocarbon group generated from a cycloalkane, a terpene, or the like.
  • alkyl group examples include: chain or branched alkyl groups, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, and an octyl group; and cyclic alkyl groups, e.g., cycloalkyl groups, such as a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
  • alkoxy group include alkoxy groups, such as a methoxy group and an ethoxy group, which are derived from the alkyl groups, such as a methyl group and an ethyl group.
  • the linked aromatic group is a divalent group
  • the group is represented by, for example, any one of the following formulae, and its aromatic rings may be linked in a linear manner or a branched manner.
  • Ar 1 to Ar 6 each represent an unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle.
  • L 3 and terminal L 1 and L 2 each represent an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms
  • the alkyl group and the alkoxy group are the same as the alkyl group and the alkoxy group described as the substituent, respectively.
  • r represents an integer of 0 or 1, preferably 0.
  • a ring A represents a divalent carborane group C 2 B 10 H 10 represented by the formula (1a) or (1b).
  • the ring A is preferably a carborane group represented by the formula (1a).
  • the two bonding hands of the formula (1a) or (1b) may each be produced from C or may each be produced from B, but a bonding hand to be bonded to L 1 or L 2 is preferably produced from C.
  • carborane compounds represented by the general formulae (1) to (3) a compound represented by the general formula (2) or (3) is preferred, and a compound represented by the general formula (2) is more preferred.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) can be synthesized from raw materials selected in accordance with the structure of the target compound by using a known approach.
  • An intermediate (A-1) can be synthesized through the following reaction formula with reference to a synthesis example described in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, 1993, 462, p 19-29, and the target compound can be obtained from the resultant intermediate (A-1).
  • carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) are shown below.
  • the material for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention When the material for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is contained in at least one of a plurality of organic layers of an organic EL device having a structure in which an anode, the plurality of organic layers, and a cathode are laminated on a substrate, an excellent organic electroluminescent device is provided.
  • a light-emitting layer, an electron-transporting layer, or a hole-blocking layer is suitable as the organic layer in which the compound of the present invention is contained.
  • the compound of the present invention when used in the light-emitting layer, the compound can be used as a host material for the light-emitting layer containing a fluorescent light-emitting, delayed fluorescent light-emitting, or phosphorescent light-emitting dopant.
  • the compound of the present invention can be used as an organic light-emitting material that radiates fluorescence and delayed fluorescence.
  • any other organic compound having a value for at least one of excited singlet energy or excited triplet energy higher than that of the compound is preferably used as the host material.
  • the compound of the present invention is particularly preferably incorporated as a host material for the light-emitting layer containing the phosphorescent light-emitting dopant.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention includes organic layers including at least one light-emitting layer between an anode and a cathode laminated on a substrate.
  • at least one of the organic layers contains the material for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention.
  • the material for an organic electroluminescent device of the present invention is advantageously contained in the light-emitting layer together with a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view for illustrating an example of the structure of a general organic EL device used in the present invention.
  • Reference numeral 1 represents a substrate
  • reference numeral 2 represents an anode
  • reference numeral 3 represents a hole-injecting layer
  • reference numeral 4 represents a hole-transporting layer
  • reference numeral 5 represents a light-emitting layer
  • reference numeral 6 represents an electron-transporting layer
  • reference numeral 7 represents a cathode.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention may include an exciton-blocking layer adjacent to the light-emitting layer, or may include an electron-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer and the hole-injecting layer.
  • the exciton-blocking layer may be inserted on any of the anode side and the cathode side of the light-emitting layer, and may also be inserted simultaneously on both sides.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention includes the substrate, the anode, the light-emitting layer, and the cathode as its essential layers.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention preferably includes a hole-injecting/transporting layer and an electron-injecting/transporting layer in addition to the essential layers, and more preferably includes a hole-blocking layer between the light-emitting layer and the electron-injecting/transporting layer.
  • the hole-injecting/transporting layer means any one or both of the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer
  • the electron-injecting/transporting layer means any one or both of an electron-injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention is preferably supported by a substrate.
  • the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has long been conventionally used for an organic EL device may be used.
  • a substrate made of glass, a transparent plastic, quartz, or the like may be used.
  • anode in the organic EL device is an anode formed by using, as an electrode substance, any of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof, all of which have a large work function (4 eV or more).
  • electrode substance include metals such as Au and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
  • a material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO), which can produce an amorphous, transparent conductive film, may be used.
  • any of those electrode substances into a thin film by using a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering and form a pattern having a desired shape thereon by photolithography.
  • a pattern may be formed via a mask having a desired shape when any of the above-mentioned electrode substances is subjected to vapor deposition or sputtering.
  • a coatable substance such as an organic conductive compound
  • a wet film-forming method such as a printing method or a coating method, may be used.
  • the transmittance of the anode is desirably controlled to more than 10%.
  • the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred ohms per square ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) or less.
  • the thickness of the film is, depending on its material, selected from the range of generally from 10 nm to 1,000 nm, preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm.
  • a cathode used as the cathode is a cathode formed by using, as an electrode substance, any of a metal (electron-injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a mixture thereof, all of which have a small work function (4 eV or less).
  • electrode substance include sodium, a sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, a magnesium/copper mixture, a magnesium/silver mixture, a magnesium/aluminum mixture, a magnesium/indium mixture, an aluminum/aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, indium, a lithium/aluminum mixture, and a rare earth metal.
  • a mixture of an electron-injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than the former metal, such as a magnesium/silver mixture, a magnesium/aluminum mixture, a magnesium/indium mixture, an aluminum/aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixture, or a lithium/aluminum mixture, or aluminum, is suitable from the viewpoints of an electron-injecting property and durability against oxidation or the like.
  • the cathode can be produced by forming any of those electrode substances into a thin film by using a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
  • the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the thickness of the film is selected from the range of generally from 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably from 50 nm to 200 nm.
  • any one of the anode and cathode of the organic EL device is preferably transparent or semi-transparent, because the light emission luminance improves.
  • the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode is formed into a film on the cathode, thereby being able to produce a transparent or semi-transparent cathode.
  • the light-emitting layer is a layer that emits light after the production of an exciton by the recombination of a hole injected from the anode and an electron injected from the cathode, and the light-emitting layer contains an organic light-emitting material and a host material.
  • the light-emitting layer is a fluorescent light-emitting layer
  • at least one kind of fluorescent light-emitting material may be used alone as the fluorescent light-emitting material.
  • the fluorescent light-emitting material be used as a fluorescent light-emitting dopant and the host material be contained.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) can be used as the fluorescent light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer.
  • the fluorescent light-emitting material is known through, for example, many patent literatures, and hence can be selected therefrom.
  • Examples thereof include a benzoxazole derivative, a benzothiazole derivative, abenzimidazole derivative, astyrylbenzene derivative, a polyphenyl derivative, a diphenylbutadiene derivative, a tetraphenylbutadiene derivative, a naphthalimide derivative, a coumarin derivative, a fused aromatic compound, a perinone derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, an oxazine derivative, an aldazine derivative, a pyrrolidine derivative, a cyclopentadiene derivative, a bisstyrylanthracene derivative, a quinacridone derivative, a pyrrolopyridine derivative, a thiadiazolopyridine derivative, a styrylamine derivative, a diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative, an aromatic dimethylidene compound, various metal complexes typified by a metal complex of an 8-quinolinol derivative, and a metal
  • the following compound is preferred: a fused aromatic compound, a styryl compound, a diketopyrrolopyrrole compound, an oxazine compound, or a pyrromethene metal complex, transition metal complex, or lanthanoid complex.
  • the following compound is more preferred: naphthacene, pyrene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, benzo[a]anthracene, pentacene, perylene, fluoranthene, acenaphthofluoranthene, dibenzo[a,j]anthracene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[a]naphthacene, hexacene, anthanthrene, naphtho[2,1-f]isoquinoline, ⁇ -naphthaphenanthridine, phenanthroxazole, quinolino[6,5-f]quinoline, or benzothiophanthrene.
  • Those compounds may each have an alkyl group, aryl group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or diarylamino group as a substituent.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) can be used as a fluorescent host material in the light-emitting layer.
  • the fluorescent host material is known through, for example, many patent literatures, and hence can be selected therefrom.
  • the following material can be used: a compound having a fused aryl ring, such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthalene, triphenylene, perylene, fluoranthene, fluorene, or indene, or a derivative thereof; an aromatic amine derivative, such as N,N′-dinaphthyl-N,N′-diphenyl-4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-diamine; a metal chelated oxinoid compound typified by tris(8-quinolinato)aluminum(III); a bisstyryl derivative, such as a distyrylbenzen
  • the content of the fluorescent light-emitting dopant in the light-emitting layer desirably falls within the range of from 0.01 wt % to 20 wt %, preferably from 0.1 wt % to 10 wt %.
  • An organic EL device typically injects charges from both of its electrodes, i.e., its anode and cathode into a light-emitting substance to produce a light-emitting substance in an excited state, and causes the substance to emit light.
  • a charge injection-type organic EL device it is said that 25% of the produced excitons are excited to a singlet excited state and the remaining 75% of the excitons are excited to a triplet excited state.
  • the organic EL device of the present invention can also express delayed fluorescence.
  • the light emission can include both fluorescent light emission and delayed fluorescent light emission.
  • Light emission from the host material may be present in part of the light emission.
  • the light-emitting layer is a delayed fluorescent light-emitting layer
  • at least one kind of delayed fluorescent light-emitting material may be used alone as a delayed fluorescent light-emitting material.
  • the delayed fluorescent light-emitting material be used as a delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant and the host material be contained.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) can be used as the delayed fluorescent light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer
  • a material selected from known delayed fluorescent light-emitting materials can also be used. Examples thereof include a tin complex, an indolocarbazole derivative, a copper complex, and a carbazole derivative. Specific examples thereof include, but not limited to, compounds described in the following non patent literatures and patent literature.
  • delayed fluorescent light-emitting material Specific examples of the delayed fluorescent light-emitting material are shown below, but the delayed fluorescent light-emitting material is not limited to the following compounds.
  • the content of the delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant in the light-emitting layer desirably falls within the range of from 0.01 wt % to 50 wt %, preferably from 0.1 wt % to 20 wt %, more preferably from 0.01% to 10%.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) can be used as the delayed fluorescent host material in the light-emitting layer.
  • the delayed fluorescent host material can also be selected from compounds except the carborane.
  • the following compound can be used: a compound having a fused aryl ring, such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, triphenylene, perylene, fluoranthene, fluorene, or indene, or a derivative thereof; an aromatic amine derivative, such as N,W-dinaphthyl-N,N′-diphenyl-4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-diamine; a metal chelated oxinoid compound typified by tris(8-quinolinato)aluminum(III); a bisstyryl derivative, such as a distyrylbenzene derivative; a t
  • the light-emitting layer is a phosphorescent light-emitting layer
  • the light-emitting layer contains a phosphorescent light-emitting dopant and a host material. It is recommended to use, as a material for the phosphorescent light-emitting dopant, a material containing an organic metal complex including at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, and gold.
  • Preferred examples of the phosphorescent light-emitting dopant include complexes such as Ir(ppy) 3 , complexes such as Ir(bt) 2 .acac 3 , and complexes such as PtOEt 3 , the complexes each having a noble metal element, such as Ir, as a central metal. Specific examples of those complexes are shown below, but the complexes are not limited to the compounds described below.
  • the content of the phosphorescent light-emitting dopant in the light-emitting layer fall within the range of from 2 wt % to 40 wt %, preferably from 5 wt % to 30 wt %.
  • the light-emitting layer is a phosphorescent light-emitting layer
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) according to the present invention when the carborane compound is used in any other organic layer except the light-emitting layer, the material to be used in the light-emitting layer may be another host material except the carborane compound, or the carborane compound and any other host material may be used in combination. Further, a plurality of kinds of known host materials may be used in combination.
  • a compound that has a hole-transporting ability or an electron-transporting ability is capable of preventing luminescence from having a longer wavelength, and has a high glass transition temperature.
  • any such other host material is known through, for example, many patent literatures, and hence can be selected therefrom.
  • Specific examples of the host material include, but are not particularly limited to, an indole derivative, a carbazole derivative, a triazole derivative, an oxazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, a pyrazolone derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, an arylamine derivative, an amino-substituted chalcone derivative, a styrylanthracene derivative, a fluorenone derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a stilbene derivative, a silazane derivative, an aromatic tertiary amine compound, a styrylamine compound, an aromatic dimethylidene-based compound, a porphyrin-based compound, an anthraquinodimethane derivative, an anthrone derivative, a di
  • the light-emitting layer which may be any one of a fluorescent light-emitting layer, a delayed fluorescent light-emitting layer, and a phosphorescent light-emitting layer, is preferably the phosphorescent light-emitting layer.
  • the injecting layer refers to a layer formed between an electrode and an organic layer for the purposes of lowering a driving voltage and improving light emission luminance, and includes a hole-injecting layer and an electron-injecting layer.
  • the injecting layer may be interposed between the anode and the light-emitting layer or the hole-transporting layer, or may be interposed between the cathode and the light-emitting layer or the electron-transporting layer.
  • the injecting layer may be formed as required.
  • the hole-blocking layer has, in a broad sense, the function of an electron-transporting layer, and is formed of a hole-blocking material that has a remarkably small ability to transport holes while having a function of transporting electrons, and hence the hole-blocking layer is capable of improving the probability of recombining an electron and a hole by blocking holes while transporting electrons.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) according to the present invention for the hole-blocking layer.
  • a known material for a hole-blocking layer may be used.
  • a material for the electron-transporting layer to be described later can be used as a material for the hole-blocking layer as required.
  • the electron-blocking layer is formed of a material that has a remarkably small ability to transport electrons while having a function of transporting holes, and hence the electron-blocking layer is capable of improving the probability of recombining an electron and a hole by blocking electrons while transporting holes.
  • a material for the hole-transporting layer to be described later can be used as a material for the electron-blocking layer as required.
  • the thickness of the electron-blocking layer is preferably from 3 nm to 100 nm, more preferably from 5 nm to 30 nm.
  • the exciton-blocking layer refers to a layer for blocking excitons produced by the recombination of a hole and an electron in the light-emitting layer from diffusing into charge-transporting layers.
  • the insertion of this layer enables efficient confinement of the excitons in the light-emitting layer, thereby being able to improve the luminous efficiency of the device.
  • the exciton-blocking layer can be inserted on any of the anode side and the cathode side of the adjacent light-emitting layer, and can also be inserted simultaneously on both sides.
  • carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) can be used as a material for the exciton-blocking layer, as other materials therefor, there are given, for example, 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)-4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq).
  • mCP 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene
  • BAlq bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)-4-phenylphenolatoaluminum
  • the hole-transporting layer is formed of a hole-transporting material having a function of transporting holes, and a single hole-transporting layer or a plurality of hole-transporting layers can be formed.
  • the hole-transporting material has a hole-injecting property or a hole-transporting property or has an electron-blocking property, and any of an organic material and an inorganic material can be used as the hole-transporting material.
  • any compound selected from conventionally known compounds can be used.
  • Examples of the known hole-transporting material that can be used include a triazole derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, an imidazole derivative, a polyarylalkane derivative, a pyrazoline derivative, and a pyrazolone derivative, a phenylenediamine derivative, an arylamine derivative, an amino-substituted chalcone derivative, an oxazole derivative, a styrylanthracene derivative, a fluorenone derivative, a hydrazone derivative, a stilbene derivative, a silazane derivative, an aniline-based copolymer, and a conductive high-molecular weight oligomer, in particular, a thiophene oligomer.
  • a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound, or a styrylamine compound is preferably used, and an aromatic tertiary amine compound is more preferably used.
  • the electron-transporting layer is formed of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and a single electron-transporting layer or a plurality of electron-transporting layers can be formed.
  • An electron-transporting material (which also serves as a hole-blocking material in some cases) only needs to have a function of transferring electrons injected from the cathode into the light-emitting layer.
  • the carborane compound represented by any one of the general formulae (1) to (3) according to the present invention for the electron-transporting layer, any compound selected from conventionally known compounds can be used. Examples thereof include a nitro-substituted fluorene derivative, a diphenylquinone derivative, a thiopyran dioxide derivative, a carbodiimide, a fluorenylidenemethane derivative, anthraquinodimethane, an anthrone derivative, and an oxadiazole derivative.
  • a thiadiazole derivative prepared by substituting an oxygen atom on an oxadiazole ring with a sulfur atom in the oxadiazole derivative or a quinoxaline derivative that has a quinoxaline ring known as an electron withdrawing group can be used as the electron-transporting material.
  • a polymer material in which any such material is introduced in a polymer chain or is used as a polymer main chain can be used.
  • a compound 1 is synthesized in accordance with the following reaction formulae.
  • organic EL devices were produced by using the compounds 1, 13, 25, 26, 29, 36, 45, and 57, and H-1, H-2, and H-3.
  • Each thin film was laminated by a vacuum deposition method at a degree of vacuum of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa on a glass substrate on which an anode formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 70 nm had been formed.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • CuPC copper phthalocyanine
  • NPD diphenyl naphthyl diamine
  • the compound 1 serving as a host material for a light-emitting layer and an iridium complex [iridium(III) bis (4,6-di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N, C2′] picolinate] (FIrpic) serving as a blue phosphorescent material as a dopant were co-deposited from different deposition sources onto the hole-transporting layer to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
  • the concentration of FIrpic was 20%.
  • Alq 3 was formed into a layer having a thickness of 25 nm to serve as an electron-transporting layer.
  • lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed into a layer having a thickness of 1.0 nm to serve as an electron-injecting layer on the electron-transporting layer.
  • aluminum (Al) was formed into a layer having a thickness of 70 nm to serve as an electrode on the electron-injecting layer.
  • the resultant organic EL device has such a layer construction that the electron-injecting layer is added between the cathode and the electron-transporting layer in the organic EL device illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • Organic EL devices were each produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the compound 13, 25, 26, 29, 36, 45, or 57 was used instead of the compound 1 as the host material for the light-emitting layer in Example 2.
  • An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that mCP was used as the host material for the light-emitting layer in Example 2.
  • Organic EL devices were each produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the compound H-1, H-2, or H-3 was used as the host material for the light-emitting layer in Example 2.
  • the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 3 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 3. As a result, it was confirmed that the devices had such light-emitting characteristics as shown in Table 1.
  • the maximum wavelength of each of the emission spectra of the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 3 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 was 475 nm, and hence the acquisition of light emission from Flrpic was identified.
  • Each thin film was laminated by a vacuum deposition method at a degree of vacuum of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa on a glass substrate on which an anode formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 70 nm had been formed.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • CuPC copper phthalocyanine
  • NPD diphenyl naphthyl diamine
  • the compound 1 serving as a host material for a light-emitting layer and Ir(ppy) 3 serving as a dopant were co-deposited from different deposition sources onto the hole-transporting layer to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
  • the concentration of Ir(ppy) 3 was 10%.
  • Alq 3 was formed into a layer having a thickness of 25 nm to serve as an electron-transporting layer.
  • lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed into a layer having a thickness of 1 nm to serve as an electron-injecting layer on the electron-transporting layer.
  • aluminum (Al) was formed into a layer having a thickness of 70 nm to serve as an electrode on the electron-injecting layer.
  • Organic EL devices were each produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the compound 13, 25, 26, 29, 36, 45, or 57 was used instead of the compound 1 as the host material for the light-emitting layer in Example 11.
  • Organic EL devices were each produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that CBP, H-1, H-2, or H-3 was used as the host material for the light-emitting layer in Example 10.
  • the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 11 to 17 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10. As a result, it was confirmed that the devices had such light-emitting characteristics as shown in Table 2.
  • the maximum wavelength of each of the emission spectra of the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 11 to 17 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 was 530 nm, and hence the acquisition of light emission from Ir(ppy) 3 was identified.
  • Each thin film was laminated by a vacuum deposition method at a degree of vacuum of 2.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa on a glass substrate on which an anode formed of indium tin oxide (ITO) having a thickness of 70 nm had been formed.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • CuPC copper phthalocyanine
  • NPD diphenyl naphthyl diamine
  • mCP serving as a host material for a light-emitting layer and Flrpic serving as a dopant were co-deposited from different deposition sources onto the hole-transporting layer to form a light-emitting layer having a thickness of 30 nm.
  • the concentration of FIrpic was 20 wt %.
  • the compound 1 was formed into a layer having a thickness of 5 nm to serve as a hole-blocking layer on the light-emitting layer.
  • Alq 3 was formed into a layer having a thickness of 20 nm to serve as an electron-transporting layer.
  • lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed into a layer having a thickness of 1.0 nm to serve as an electron-injecting layer on the electron-transporting layer.
  • aluminum (Al) was formed into a layer having a thickness of 70 nm to serve as an electrode on the electron-injecting layer.
  • the resultant organic EL device has such a layer construction that the electron-injecting layer is added between the cathode and the electron-transporting layer and the hole-blocking layer is added between the light-emitting layer and the electron-transporting layer in the organic EL device illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • Organic EL devices were each produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the compound 13, 25, 26, 29, 36, 45, or 57 was used instead of the compound 1 as the hole-blocking material in Example 18.
  • An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the thickness of Alq 3 serving as the electron-transporting layer in Example 18 was changed to 25 nm and the hole-blocking layer was not formed.
  • Organic EL devices were each produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the compound H-1, H-2, or H-3 was used as the hole-blocking material in Example 18.
  • the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 19 to 25 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 18. As a result, it was confirmed that the devices had such light-emitting characteristics as shown in Table 3.
  • the maximum wavelength of each of the emission spectra of the organic EL devices obtained in Examples 19 to 25 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12 was 475 nm, and hence the acquisition of light emission from Flrpic was identified.
  • Each of the host materials for the light-emitting layers used in Examples 19 to 25 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12 is mCP.

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EP3089230A1 (fr) 2016-11-02
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TW201527307A (zh) 2015-07-16
TWI612055B (zh) 2018-01-21
CN105874626A (zh) 2016-08-17
US20160315262A1 (en) 2016-10-27
EP3089230A4 (fr) 2017-09-13
CN105874626B (zh) 2017-09-22
WO2015098297A1 (fr) 2015-07-02
KR102258147B1 (ko) 2021-05-28
EP3089230B1 (fr) 2019-01-09

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