UA99543U - METHOD FOR PREPARING PREPARATION OF SEEDS OF VILLAGE (LIGHT) - Google Patents

Abstract

The method of pre-sowing preparation of the seeds of millet vines (switchgrass) involves the selection of seeds, stratification. Selection is carried out by specific gravity by distribution of seeds by weight in saline solution with increased amount of 7-12% endosperm with increased germination potential and uniformity of seedlings, followed by scarification - damage of the seed membranes in the abrasive medium by passing the seeds at a rate of 15-30 seconds of rotation of the drum with sandpaper to provide access to moisture to the endosperm with nutrients to obtain a laboratory 10% and field germination of 5.6% and then stratify tion - fast "awakening" the seeds of deep dormancy at positive temperatures in the presence of moisture in the air with a reduction in post-harvest ripening period period.

Description

A useful model belongs to agriculture and can be used in crop production to prepare seeds for sowing, such as switchgrass.

There is a known method of preparing seeds for sowing (Patent KO Mo 2300865 C1, dated 20.06.2007) by moistening the seeds with water at a temperature of 25"C for 10 minutes at a seed:water ratio of 2:11 followed by treatment in a microwave field with a power of 180 W, exposure of 30...90 seconds at a final temperature of 29.0-38.8 70.

Disadvantages of the known method: complexity, relatively low laboratory and field similarity and germination of sprouts and roots, decrease in seedling friendliness.

A known method of pre-sowing seed preparation (Patent KO Mo 22615 73 C2 C1, AO1C1/00, dated 10.10.2007 | by treating seeds with a hydrophobic film-former - 2.595 aqueous emulsion of polyvinyl acetate (PVA). Disadvantages: the complexity of the preparation process and the insufficient amount of seed preparation in accordance with agrotechnical requirements

A known method of pre-sowing preparation of plant seeds (Patent KO Mo 2314666 C1,

А0О1С1/06 dated 20.01.2008) according to which a container with a hollow cavity is prepared by pressing from biocompost or peat powder, in which seeds of medicinal, horticultural or decorative crops are placed. Next, the cavity is pressed with a 1.5-fold reduction in volume with a mold-forming substance. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the humidity of 12-14 95 of the substance and create a truncated cone of the cavity with an angle of 20-35".

Disadvantages: the complexity and long duration of the preparation process, but the required quality and friendliness of seed germination in accordance with agrotechnical requirements are not always ensured.

To increase seed germination, a number of methods of pre-sowing seed preparation are used: physical, chemical, combined, teasing, incrustation. Among the listed measures, the least costly are the physical ones, which include soaking, freezing, scarification, and ultraviolet irradiation.

There is a known method of pre-sowing preparation by scarification of seed material (Maps

K. Uepzep apa Voe Septipayop oi tespapisaiPu 5sagiyea peoiegis 5ulispdgazkh5 zeea // hogpai oi hapde tepedtepi 44 (3), tau 19911.

Disadvantages: with such regimes of the scarifier, the necessary laboratory and field seed germination is not always ensured in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.

З A well-known method of pre-sowing seed preparation |Moroz O.V. Switchgrass as a new phyto-energy culture / O.V. Moroz, V.M. Smirnykh, V.M. Smoking // Sugar beets. - Kyiv, 2011, issue From (81). - P. 12...14), which highlights the peculiarities of growing switchgrass, starting with site selection, soil preparation, pre-sowing measures to increase seed viability, sowing, plant care during the growing season, harvesting and storage of switchgrass raw materials.

Disadvantages: the required field germination of switchgrass seeds is not ensured by the proposed pre-sowing preparation measures, taking into account the period of post-harvest ripening of seeds in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.

The analysis of the technical level performed by the applicant, which includes a search of patent and scientific and technical sources of information, the identification of sources that contain information about analogues of the claimed utility model, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to the essential features of the claimed technical solution. Determining from the list of analogues the closest to the essential features of the technical solution made it possible to identify a set of distinctive features that are essential relative to the predicted technical result in the declared solution, which is revealed in the formula of the useful model.

The main requirement for the process of pre-sowing preparation of seeds of large batches (for industrial production) is the maximum preservation of the sowing qualities of the seeds, which is possible with the observance of appropriate regimes and the use of certain mechanisms (calibration, scarification) converted and improved.

The basis of the useful model is the task of increasing the laboratory and field germination of seeds, while simultaneously reducing the weight rate of seed sowing and increasing the friendliness of vine-like switchgrass seedlings.

The task is solved by consistent pre-sowing preparation of vine-like millet (switchgrass): first, selection is carried out according to specific gravity by distributing seeds by weight in a saline solution with an increased number of 7-12 95 endosperms with increased germination potential and uniformity of seedlings, followed by scarification - damage to the seed coats, and in an abrasive environment by passing the seeds at an adjustable speed of rotation of a drum with sandpaper, ensuring access of moisture to the endosperm with nutrients, and obtaining laboratory germination by 10 95 and field germination by 5.6 95.

The principle of operation of the scarifier is based on feeding the seeds into the container while rotating the drum with sandpaper at a set adjustable speed and time of 15-30 seconds. At the exit from the container, we will receive seed material with a damaged seed coat. When sowing such seeds, moisture will better penetrate to the endosperm, where they are located

B spare nutrients will dissolve them and feed the seedling at the initial stages of organogenesis (growth and development of the seedling before its transition to autotrophic - self-feeding) with obtaining a laboratory similarity of 10 95 and a field similarity of 5.6 95.

During stratification, the average sample of the original seed is placed in an air-permeable bag made of gauze fabric and immersed in a container with a substrate - baked and then moistened sand with a ratio of seeds to coarse-grained washed river sand of 1:3, followed by saturation so that water protrudes on the surface. Then the mixture is placed in a container and remains in a room with a temperature of 0-1 "С (it is allowed to put the mixture on a pallet of a refrigeration unit).

A cover is placed on top of the container with an average sample, but aeration - air exchange must be ensured. For several days in a row, that is, periodically twice a week, the mixture is soaked with distilled water, which means that the substances that delay the germination of the seeds are washed out, mixed and aired for 5-10 minutes, repeating this operation until the seeds swell. At this stage of stratification, bags with seeds are removed from the substrate and opened, followed by washing under a stream of water, slightly squeezed and re-inserted into the substrate. During ventilation, attention is paid to the presence of mold, rotting of seeds. In order to prevent the appearance and spread of fungal diseases in the seeds of various varieties, their isolation is carried out. Each sample is provided with a label with the name of the variety, the number of seeds, and the term of stratification. Before sowing, after stratification, the seeds are washed with water from the sand, dried under normal conditions and sown in moistened soil.

Next, the weight rate for sowing switchgrass seeds is determined, taking into account the purity and germination of the seeds and taking into account the suitability for sowing: 100.

WITH . sowing suitability of seeds, 90; a - seed purity, 96;

b - seed germination, 95.

Wagoda: - the date of sowing seeds at the given density of crops:

M--- I-x100

C with

M - actual seed sowing rate, kg/ha;

A - given density of plants, million/ha;

O - weight of 100 seeds, g; 100. conversion factor;

S. actual sowing suitability of seeds, 905.

Example. Seed purity is 9595, laboratory germination is 67.5 95, so the sowing suitability is (95x67.5)/100-64.1 95 (control sample).

Seed purity is 95 95, laboratory germination is 80 95, then sowing suitability is (95x80)/100-76.0 95 (seeds after stratification).

To obtain the given optimal seedling density in field conditions, it is necessary to sow 300 similar switchgrass seeds per 1 m: (Z million/ha). The weight of 1000 seeds is 1.1 g, and the economic suitability is 67.5 95, then the weight rate of sowing will be (3x1.1x100)/64.1-5.2 kg/ha (control sample without seed treatment).

When applying stratification, the mass of 1000 seeds is 1.1 g, and the economic suitability will be 76,905, then the weight rate of sowing will be (3x1.1x100)/76.0-4.3 kg/ha.

When applying stratification in the pre-sowing preparation of seeds, the laboratory germination significantly increases and the weight rate of sowing the seeds of switchgrass - vine-like millet decreases.

The application of measures to improve the sowing qualities of calibration seeds in saline solution by weight, scarification and stratification significantly increases the laboratory germination, from 67 95 to 80 Fo.

It was established that the use of pre-sowing measures significantly shortens the vegetation period of switchgrass plants, "sowing-seedling (7-12)", "sowing-trubbing (36 days)" and "seedling-trubbing (up to

50 days)". This agricultural measure can serve as an effective way to regulate the growth and development of plants, depending on the variety and growing conditions of the crop.

The declared technical solution based on a useful model can be used in agriculture, in particular in crop production, namely in methods of preparing seeds for sowing, for example, vine-like millet (switchgrass).

Claims (2)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The method of pre-sowing seed preparation of switchgrass millet, which includes seed selection, stratification, which is distinguished by the fact that the selection is carried out according to specific gravity by distributing seeds by weight in a saline solution with an increased amount of 7-12 95 endosperm with increased potential germination and uniformity of seedlings followed by scarification - damage to the seed coats in an abrasive environment by passing the seeds at an adjustable speed and time of 15-30 seconds of rotating a drum with sandpaper to ensure access of moisture to the endosperm with nutrients and obtaining laboratory at 10 95 and field germination at 5,6 95 and with subsequent stratification - rapid "awakening" of seeds from a deep state of rest at positive temperatures in the presence of moisture in the air environment with a reduction in the post-harvest ripening period. 2. The method of pre-sowing preparation of vine-like millet (switchgrass) seeds, according to claim 1, which differs in that the weight rate for sowing switchgrass seeds is determined after establishing the percentage of sowing suitability, according to the formula: 100 WITH . sowing suitability of seeds, 90; b. seed germination, 90; a - seed purity, 96; and the seed sowing rate for a given seed density: M---Я- 100 (0; M - actual seed sowing rate, kg/ha; A - set density of plants, million/ha; O - weight of 100 seeds, g; 100 . conversion factor; C. actual sowing suitability of seeds, 905. Зо 0 KomputernaverstkaV. Matselod 00000000 State Service of Intellectual Property of Ukraine, 45 Vasylya Lypkivskyi St., Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine SE "Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property", st. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601