UA81263C2 - Precision disk tiller - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a precision disc tiller (1) comprising a frame (2) equipped with at least one gang of non-motorized rotary discs (3) mounted respectively independent and oscillating relative to the support frame (2) via a safety device (5). Said disc tiller is characterized in that each disc (3) is linked to the frame (2) by a coil spring (6) forming at least one and a half turns, one end (6A) of the spring (6) being linkable to the frame (2) while the other end (6B) of the spring (6) is linkable to the hub (8) of the disc (3), said spring (6) being oriented such that the turn(s) of said spring are tightened by winding when the pressure exerted on the disc (3) is higher than the predetermined pressure allowing the disc to be vertically cleared (3) by being lifted.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to a precision disc cultivator having a hinged or trailed frame equipped with 2 agricultural implements consisting of at least one set of rotating non-motive concave cultivator discs that cultivate the soil to a depth regulated preferably by at least one regulating body, for example, a shoe, a wheel or a roller attached to the frame and mounted independently and oscillating relative to the support frame through a safety device such that when the pressure on the disc exceeds a predetermined value, the disc is released from the ground vertically, and when the pressure 70 becomes less than this value, the disc returns

Disc cultivators are well known to specialists. They usually have a frame that carries one or more sets of discs. Each disc or set of discs can be fixed to the frame in two main ways. In the first method, the disks are mounted on the frame integrally, but with the possibility of rotation around the vertical axis and, thus, they can be oriented relative to the forward movement of the frame. This method of installation is described, in particular, in (patents О5Б-А-2 659 291 and О5Б-А-2 768 864). However, the lack of ability for the discs to be released from the soil creates certain difficulties, the main of which is the inaccuracy of the work performed by the disc cultivator, because when the disc encounters an obstacle, it leads to a partial lifting of the frame and temporary exclusion of some of the remaining discs. In addition, the inability to release from the ground when the disc hits an obstacle can lead to premature wear of the disc or even its destruction. Therefore, the rigid fixation of the disk on the support frame does not allow to create an accurate disk cultivator capable of working the soil to a given depth at high speed, which means that with such a disk cultivator it is not possible to use planting devices, as is currently the case on machines of this type.

To solve these problems, disk cultivators of the type described in c (French patent application EC-A-2 813 749) have recently appeared on the market. Such a cultivator has a hinged or trailed frame equipped (in agricultural implements) consisting of at least one set of rotating, non-motive-powered cultivator discs, each of which is mounted independently and oscillatingly relative to the support frame of the disc cultivator, as a result of which they are subjected to an adjustable predetermined pressure

According to this application, each cultivator disk is connected to the frame by a connecting element, for example, a lever mounted on the frame with the possibility of turning about an axis approximately parallel to the axis of rotation of the cultivator disk, and for interacting with the preload element, through which the lever returns in the direction of releasing the disk from the ground only when the pressure on the disk exceeds the nominal pressure of element c of the preload. The disk returns to the working position automatically under the action of the reaction force of the preload element and under the action of the mass of the disk. So, if one of the discs hits an obstacle,

It is possible to avoid lifting the frame with disks. This ensures better tillage of the soil and to a constant depth. However, since such machines are equipped with many discs, the complexity of the device, which has a rigid lever and a preload element, makes this machine complex and expensive. In addition, the large number of disks greatly reduces the distance between the disks. Therefore, a very short finger must be used to connect the lever that carries the disc with the supporting element, and this can lead to rapid and premature wear of such devices. Wear is also accelerated due to the effect of lateral force, which occurs as a result of the action of the discs on the ground.

From" In Patents OOB-A-3 640 348 and O5-A-2 750 861) agricultural implements are described, which have a disc connected to the support frame by means of a spring. (Patent O5-A-2 750 861) describes a seeder disc intended for furrow opening. This disc is equipped with an O-bracket fastened to the frame by a leaf spring.

A leaf spring is applied so that the O-bracket does not allow any lateral movement of the disc. Because the presence of this bracket makes such a decision inconvenient and expensive. On the other hand, the presence of a bracket prevents - deflection or release of the disk from the pound when it encounters an obstacle. |Patent О5Б-А-3 640 348) refers, in particular, to such a tool as a plow, in which all discs are mounted on a common support crossbar, each of which is connected to the crossbar by a 5-shaped plate spring. This document is also absent

Gee! 20 guide elements for the disk and therefore the disk undergoes constant lateral oscillations and, in addition, the resistance of the disk to transverse forces must be provided by a proper holder, which increases the weight and cost of the entire tool. Finally, known from (patent EC-A-2 658 979) a combination of a disk designed to mark the ground and a spiral spring in the form of a question mark. The use of such a spring does not allow to avoid lateral oscillations of the disk. 25 One purpose of the invention is to create a precise disc cultivator, in which the discs are connected with

GF) by a support frame through a device that allows you to mount discs independently and with the possibility of oscillation relative to the support frame, which at the same time allows reducing wear and simplifying the design of such a device. Another object of the invention is to provide a precision disc cultivator in which the design of the safety device allows a greater number of discs to be installed along the same width of the machine by reducing the volume required by such devices.

Another object of the invention is to create a precision disc cultivator in which the design of the safety device allows the discs to be released in a vertical or transverse direction, as a result of which the safety device can be considered as capable of operating in three dimensions.

Another object of the invention is to create a precision disk cultivator, in which the design of the safety device, due to the asymmetric nature of such devices, allows to fully satisfy the requirements of cultivator disks, which have at least one opening angle and, of course, an immersion angle, and are therefore subject to the action of asymmetrical transverse forces, which become fully mastered, thanks to the asymmetric nature of the safety devices.

Therefore, in order to achieve each stated object of the invention, a precision disc cultivator has been created, which has a hinged or trailed support frame, equipped with an agricultural implement, consisting of at least one set of rotating, non-driving concave cultivator discs, each of which has at least one angle of opening and angle of immersion , and each of which is respectively mounted independently and oscillating relative to the support frame on a safety device to release the disc from the ground 7/0 Vertically under a pressure exceeding a predetermined value and to return it to the operating position when the pressure is lower than mentioned meaning, and characterized in that each cultivator disk is connected to the frame by a helical spring formed by at least one and a half turns, and having one end connected directly or through a connecting element to the frame, and the other end to a bushing on the concave sides of the disk, and the spring is oriented so that its turn or turns are twisted in the winding direction when /5 Disc pressure exceeds a predetermined value.

The design of the safety device, formed by a simple helical spring, ensures the mobility of the disc in all three dimensions. This gives the disc an opportunity to bypass the obstacle, releasing itself from the ground in a vertical and/or transverse movement. In addition, by changing the cross-section of the elements that make up the coils of the spring and/or the number of coils and/or the material of these elements, it is possible to precisely determine the reaction of the spring in order to avoid unwanted 2o Collisions of disks and limit their transverse movement. The benefits of a preload rocker arm are achieved by using a very simple design part that wears less over time due to the lack of a hinged joint.

According to one of the preferred embodiments of the invention, each cultivator disk has at least one angle of opening and angle of immersion, as a result of which during the working movement of the frame there are generally oblique transverse forces acting on the disk, and the side surfaces of the coil or coils of the helical spring are in such position relative to the disk, that under the action of the transverse force they tend to get closer to each other, thereby limiting the effect of this force. (8)

In other words, the transverse force acting on the disks tends to tighten the turn or turns, straining them to the point of mutual pressure.

Next, in the form of examples, a description of the embodiments of the invention is given with references to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a partial perspective view of the disc cultivator according to the invention, top view; Fig. 2 - 3/4 rear view of the safety device located between the support frame and the disc; ise) Fig. 3 - front view of the safety device shown in Fig. 2; c Fig. 4 is a side view of the safety device shown in Fig. 2.

As shown in Fig. 1, the precision disk cultivator according to the invention has a hinged or trailed frame (87 2), equipped with agricultural tools. The frame 2 can have different shapes. In this case, the frame 2 so consists of two longitudinal elements connected by crossbars, which carry the agricultural implement and extend approximately perpendicular to the line of traction of the frame 2. The frame is also equipped with a device for coupling to the towing vehicle. The coupling is usually carried out at three points. The agricultural implement consists of at least one set of rotating, non-motive driven cultivator discs 3. "

This set of disks C extends along the working width, that is, on a line perpendicular to the line of traction from frame 2. It should be noted that a rotating without driving force cultivator disk is a disk that is capable of . rotate under the action of the force of friction against the ground, which occurs during the working movement of the frame. Discs C cultivate the soil to a depth regulated preferably by at least one regulating body 4, for example, a shoe, wheel or roller attached to the frame 2. The regulating body 4 is common to at least three cultivator discs, preferably to at least five, for a reliable depth adjustment. In this case, such a regulating body 4 is a roller-cage, common to all cultivator disks and located behind a set of disks. Roller 4 is connected to frame 2 by two brackets extending beyond the frame, and their position relative to the frame can be changed. Adjustment of the processing depth is carried out by the interaction of this regulator

GI of the body with a coupling device or only a coupling device.

Cultivator according to the invention, consisting of rotating without driving force cultivator discs 3, in

Me. in which each cultivator disc C is mounted independently and with the possibility of oscillation relative to the frame 2 of the disc cultivator so that the disc is withdrawn under an adjustable predetermined pressure and thus a constant depth of soil cultivation is achieved. Each disk C is connected to the frame 2 by a helical spring 6 formed by at least one turn, preferably one and a half turns. One end bA of the spring is fixed directly or through the connecting element 7 on the frame 2, and the other end 6B of the spring can be connected, directly or through the connecting element, to the sleeve 8 of the disc 3. The spring b is oriented in such a way that ( Ф, its turn or turns are twisted in the direction of winding, when the pressure on the disk З exceeds a predetermined ka value, due to which the disk З is released from the ground in a vertical direction.

Each cultivator disk C is concave and preferably of a large diameter. The diameter of the disk really exceeds 48 cm and is preferably at least 51 cm. The end 6B of the spring 6, which is attached to the sleeve 8, is on the concave side of the disk 3. This arrangement gives certain advantages. First of all, it allows you to reduce the volume occupied by the spring/disc assembly, which allows you to increase the number of discs on the disc cultivator without increasing its width. It also makes it possible to place the center of pressure of the spring 6 on the same vertical as the point of entry of the disk into the soil, which improves its processing. 65 The end 68 of the spring is attached to the part of the bushing 8 which is on the concave side of the disk C near its concave surface, i.e. on the side opposite to the free end of the bushing 8. The bushing 8 at this end is usually attached to the end disk mounted with the possibility of free rotation relative to the sleeve 8, and the concave surface and the end disc are bolted. This design allows you to protect the sleeve 8 during the operation of the disc. Each cultivator disk C usually has a positive angle of immersion in the range of 3-202 and - a positive angle of opening in the range of 10-30. Each disc Z has cutouts 9 on its periphery. Due to the fact that, in order to perform its cultivator functions, each cultivator disc Z has at least one opening angle and, preferably, an immersion angle, transverse forces K arise, usually oblique, which are directed during the advancement of the disc in the soil to turn it in a vertical position in a row. To limit the action of these transverse forces and, in particular, to prevent excessive transverse movements of the disk, the coil or turns of the helical spring is oriented relative to the disk and 70 is wound in the direction in which the side surfaces of the coil or turns approach each other (direction O in Fig. 5 ) under the action of this transverse force, especially when the side surfaces of the turns are in contact with each other.

For this, the spring winding may be helical rather than helical, as it is necessary to have at least one area of overlap or partial overlap near one turn or between turns to create an axial end restraint to resist the transverse forces generated by the disk. 75 The emergence of such different forces can be seen in particular in Fig. 5, which schematically shows the transverse forces K acting on the disk and the net force Y on the coils of the spring. Force 0, as can be seen in the drawing, is directed from the part of the spring connected to the disk to the part of the spring connected to the frame, which serves as an end restraint.

In order to improve this action of the helical spring and its interaction with the discs, the side surfaces of the coil or coils are preferably brought into contact with each other, even when the spring is at rest. Therefore, the 2o safety device formed by the helical spring is asymmetric and is well suited to the working conditions of the cultivator disc, which at this time is subjected to asymmetric forces. Thus, the coil spring interacts with the disc to counteract the lateral forces acting on the disc during the operational movement of the frame, while allowing lateral movement of the disc when the disc encounters an obstacle.

As described above, the disk cultivator has, in the direction of the working movement of the frame, Its at least two approximately su 2p;' parallel consecutive sets ЗА, ЗВ of cultivator disks З, which are made concave and in which the concave surfaces of one set are reversed relative to the concave surfaces of the adjacent set. From this arises the need for springs, for example, left winding for the front set and right winding for the rear set. The end bA of the spring 6 for fixing on the frame 2 is usually connected to the mounting plate 7 fixed on the crossbar of the frame 2 (fig. 2, 3). Such fixation is performed, for example, with the help of a screw and a board "Z placed parallel to the mounting board 7, on which the end of the spring bA is fixed. The other end of the EB spring is usually welded to the bushing 8 of the disk 3. Other fastening methods are also acceptable. For example, the end bA and spring b can be fixed in a bushing, which, in turn, is fixed on the frame 2.

Each spring b has from 1-1.5 to 5 turns, stacked tightly to each other in such a way that the turns are aligned along a line perpendicular to the frame 2. This arrangement of the turns ensures the transverse stiffness of the unit with - z5 m Possibility of correction if necessary. The end turn of each spring would be extended to form the beginning of the tangential part 6C, which extends to the sleeve 8 of the disk C as an arc directed by the concave part to the ground (fig. 2, 4). This bending of part 6C allows you to avoid jamming of part 6C and the disc with plant residues. In fact, due to the shape of the part 6C and the angles, in particular the angle of the recess and the angle of the opening, of the disk 3, "at this point, the maximum distance between the disk C and the part 6C is created, thereby reducing the risk of blocking or clogging the gap between the part 6C and the concave surface of the disk 3 - c In the described examples, each turn of the spring b is formed by winding a wire with a square cross-section, although this cross-section can have a different shape. The desired cross-sectional area of the wire that forms the spring 6, "" is 650-2600 mm2 for a disk with a diameter of 480-700 mm.

Therefore, the disk cultivator described above has as many safety devices formed by the specified springs as there are disks in it. This safety device is much simpler in design than the existing (ee) safety devices and allows to build a machine of simple design and low level of wear, which ensures - accurate tillage of the soil, that is, with more or less constant depth and, in particular, with high speed ( 10-ZOkm/h.). name)

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention b 50 syu 1. A precision disc cultivator (1), which has a hinged or trailed support frame (2), equipped with agricultural implements, consisting of at least one set of rotating, without driving force, concave cultivator discs (3), each of which has at least one opening angle and recess angle, and each of which is respectively mounted independently and with the possibility of oscillation relative to the support frame (2) on the safety device (5) to release the disk (3) from the ground vertically under the action of a pressure exceeding IF) predetermined value, and to return it to the working position when the pressure is lower than the mentioned co value, which is characterized by the fact that each cultivator disc (3) is connected to the frame (2) by a helical spring (6) formed by at least one and a half turns, and such that having one end (bA) connected 60 directly or through a connecting element (7) to the frame (2), and the other end (EB) - to the sleeve (8) on the concave side of the disk (3), and the spring (6 ) or oriented so that its turn or turns are twisted in the winding direction when the pressure on the disk (3) exceeds a predetermined value. 2. Disc cultivator according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the cultivator discs (3) along the movement of the frame are mounted as at least two parallel consecutive sets (ZA, ZB), in which the concave surfaces of the discs of one set are reversed relative to the concave surfaces of the discs of the other set . C. Disc cultivator according to any of claims 1, 2, which differs in that the end (bA) of the spring (b), attached to the frame (2), connected to the board (7) fixed on the cross member of the frame (2). 4. Disc cultivator according to any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that each spring (6) has from 1.5 to turns placed next to each other on the same line, the transverse frame (2). 5 5. Disk cultivator according to claim 4, which is characterized by the fact that the side surfaces of the turn or turns of each spring (6) lean against each other. 6. Disc cultivator according to any one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the final turn of each spring (6) extends to the sleeve (8) of the disc (3), forming the beginning of the tangential part (6C) in the form of an arc, concave with side of the ground 70 7. Disc cultivator according to any of claims 1-6, which is characterized by the fact that each turn of the spring (6) is formed by winding a wire with a square cross-section. 8. A disk cultivator according to any of claims 1-7, which is characterized by the fact that the spring (b) is made by helically winding a wire with a cross-sectional area of 650 mm or more? up to 2600 mm? for a disk with a diameter of 480 mm to 700 mm. s (8) so (Se) s «- d) - with . and? (ee) - ime) b 50 syu» F) ime) 60 b5