UA77770C2 - Thermoforming installation for producing molded bodies consisting of plastic film, and method of their manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermoforming installation (1) for producing molded bodies consisting of plastic film (50), such as pots, containers, lids, food packaging or the like, by means of a forming station comprising a two-part form tool (20). Said two-part form tool (20) comprises an upper tool bench (28) which can be fixed in an adjustable manner and comprises an upper tool (30) in which a prestretcher (92) is displaceably mounted, and a displaceable lower tool bench (32) comprising a lower tool (34) with cavities. The displaceable lower tool bench (32) is guided by means of a guiding device (42) and can be displaced back and forth in relation to the upper work bench (28) by means of a drive device. According to the invention, the upper tool bench (28) comprises a first drive device (26) which is associated therewith and is used to arrange the upper work bench (28) in its position in relation to the upper dead centre of the lower tool bench (32) according to the respective molded body to be produced. The upper work bench (28) also comprises a second drive device (88) which is associated therewith and is used to drive the prestretcher (92) which is displaceably mounted in the upper tool (30). The invention also relates to a method for producing said molded body consisting of plastic film (50).

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to a thermoforming installation for the production of molded products from plastic 2 film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products, which has a technological position of plastic molding equipped with a two-element molding tool in accordance with the restrictive part of clause 1 of the claims of the invention, and as well as the method of manufacturing such molded products in accordance with the restrictive part of clause 7 of the claims.

In practice, thermoforming units are known in various variants and forms of execution. At the same time, a two-element forming tool is used for the production of bottle-like objects or molded products from plastic. One half of the mold, the so-called upper tool, is fixed on the upper tooling table and together with it, as a rule, with the possibility of adjustment, is fixedly connected to the frame or body of the thermoforming unit, thanks to which the upper tool can be adjusted to the manufactured molded product. The second half of the mold, the so-called lower tool, is movably mounted on the 12 frame or body of the thermoforming unit.

For the production of a molded product, the mold halves, that is, the upper and lower tools, are in the closed position. Between the upper and lower tools, a plastic film is placed, which is often preheated and therefore suitable for plastic molding, which is most often fed cyclically from a roll in the form of a sheet.

During the deep drawing process, the plastic film is clamped between the upper and lower tools, thus fixing its position. The film is then pressed into the cavities of the lower tool by the punches of the upper tool, while the edges of the manufactured molded product continue to be held between the upper and lower tools. By creating rarefaction in the cavities or by blowing air, the film is pressed against the inner surfaces of the cavities of the lower tool and thus given the desired shape. p. 29 After sufficient cooling of the plastic film due to contact with - if necessary, actively cooled - surfaces of the tool, the molded products are separated from the plastic film. For this, the lower tool is raised up to the thickness of the film. At the same time, the corresponding cutting edges of the two-element forming tool cut individual molded products from the film web. The holey web formed at the same time is often again cyclically fed to the winding unit in a roll. o 30 After that, in order to remove the molded products from the cavities, the lower tool is moved away from the upper tool and at the same time rotated around its longitudinal axis in such a way that the lower tool is in front of the slip device and the molded products can be transferred to the slip device. -

Examples of such thermoforming units known from practice are described, for example, in OZ 6,135, 756, and OE M 33 46 628 AT).

However, a significant economic disadvantage of these well-known thermoforming units is that they are capable of realizing low clock frequencies of only about 30 clock cycles per minute. Higher clock frequencies are not possible without damaging the moving parts.

But - given today's high cost pressure - such low clock frequencies are no longer acceptable. "

In addition, the used drives for the movable 40 punches installed in the upper tool are unsatisfactory in the known thermoforming installations, since with their help only small clock frequencies of about 30 cycles per minute can be realized. In addition, the disadvantage of known thermoforming

And" installations there is insufficient accuracy of adjustment or alignment of the upper tool relative to the manufactured molded product.

The thermoforming unit described (in OE 33 46 628 AT) contains a two-element forming tool, and the upper tool is fixed on the body, and the lower one is movable. The lower tool for closing or opening the mold performs a combined lifting and rotary movement to the upper tool and from it to the slip device, and then again to the upper tool. The lifting and rotating movement of the lower tool is realized by a lever-knee mechanism with disc and cams. Thus, the lower tool must move vertically and at the same time - around its longitudinal axis.

Used in a thermoforming plant (known as OE 33 46 628 АТ), the combination of a lever-knee mechanism and drive on disk cams is made very complex. At the same time, the drive on disk cams as such has a systemic drawback, which is that it can transmit only limited efforts. In addition, such a drive cannot implement a high clock frequency. However, drives on disk cams are prone to

Rapid wear, therefore requiring frequent maintenance, which significantly increases

GF) operating costs for such thermoforming installations. In addition, the thermoforming plant |according to OE 33 46 628 of the JSC| contains another node, which also systematically assumes only low clock frequencies.

It was not possible to obtain more detailed information about the performance of the punch drive (from OE 33 46 628 AT). Therefore, 60 it must be assumed that the punch drive, not discussed in detail in that publication, is not capable of operating at a higher frequency than the drive for the lower tool, the clock frequency of which was previously characterized as too low.

The thermoforming unit (according to 05 6,135, 756) also has a two-element forming tool. | in it, the guiding device is combined with the drive of the lower tool table or the lower tool and with the help of a cam-crank-rod mechanism forms a combined lifting-rotational movement of the lower tool, and it contains two cam-crank-rod mechanisms located on the outer ends of the lower tool. At the same time, the lower tool on its outer sides contains three pins that move in curvilinear grooves made stationary relative to the body. These curvilinear grooves have a very complex geometry and are calculated in such a way that the lower tool, when opening the mold, moves down from the upper tool and rotates to the correct orientation with respect to the slip device, and then turns away from the latter again. Since the complex geometry of the curvilinear grooves is not suitable for transmitting the forces necessary to separate the formed products, additional disk cams are provided, with the help of which the forces necessary for this should be transmitted. | still, the process of separation carried out in such a complicated manner is cutting or squeezing. There is no question of cutting.

Despite this, geometrically complex and difficult to coordinate guides with curvilinear grooves do not ensure the achievement of today's high clock frequencies.

IV 05 6,135, 756| the drive of forming protrusions in the form of a combination of a toothed bar and a toothed wheel is described. This mechanism also does not provide the high clock frequencies necessary for the economic /5 operation of a modern thermoforming plant. After all, in order to achieve a long-repeated high clock frequency, not only a high clock frequency of opening and closing of the forming tool is needed, but parallel to this, the forward and reverse movement of the punches must be ensured with the same clock frequency.

Drives for punches made on the basis of ball screws are known from practice. With the help of 2 o such ball screws, the necessary high clock frequencies cannot be achieved either. In addition, ball screws are too expensive, require maintenance and are characterized by significant downtime.

Therefore, the task of the present invention is such an improvement of known thermoforming units, in which significantly higher clock frequencies can be achieved, which can ensure economical operation of improved thermoforming units. In addition, the task of the invention is also to develop a method of manufacturing molded products from plastic film.

With regard to the device, the problem of the invention is solved by the features of item 1 of the claims. io)

With regard to the method, the problem of the invention is solved by the features of clause 7 of the claims.

In accordance with the invention, a thermoforming plant for the production of molded products from plastic film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products, has been developed, which has a technological position of plastic molding equipped with a two-element molding tool. At the same time, the two-element forming tool has an adjustable upper tool table with an upper tool in which punches are movably mounted, and a movably mounted lower tool table with a lower tool in which cavities are made for forming products.

The movable lower tool table is installed on the guide device with the possibility of movement under the action of the drive device relative to the upper tool table towards it and away from it. Cha

At the same time, according to the invention, it is provided for the first time that the upper tool table contains the first drive device for setting the upper tool table in its position relative to the top dead center of the lower tool table, consistent with the manufactured molded products. In addition, the upper tool table for the first time contains a second drive device for actuating the punches " 70 movably mounted in the upper tool. Unlike the punch drives known from the prior art, the advantage of the corresponding inventive solution of the punch drive by using a corresponding separate drive and an additional separate drive for )" alignment or adjustment of the upper tool depending on the manufactured molded products before the start of the production process is the possibility independent optimization of both drives.

Accordingly, the most suitable drive for one-time adjustment of the upper -I tool before the start of the production process can be used, which does not necessarily have to simultaneously satisfy the requirement of the required clock frequency when driving the punches, but can be specially selected from the point

Sh- view of the accuracy and reproducibility of the fine adjustment of the upper instrument table. Accordingly, a separate punch drive can be selected and optimized from the point of view of providing the necessary high clock frequency.

Sh- This separate optimization of individual drives, although it increases the number of structural elements, but, despite this, gives an advantage, which consists in the fact that both drives can be made structurally very simple and therefore cheap.

Further advantageous embodiments and aspects of the present invention are the subject of additional claims in the invention.

In the preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the drive device for

F; the settings of the upper instrument table are made in the form of an electric servo motor. Its advantage is the accuracy of adjustment and arbitrary selection of the speed profile. In this way, both fast movement to overcome large adjustment distances and especially slow and precise movement for precise adjustment of the upper instrument table in the range of millimeters or even tenths of a millimeter - depending on the desired accuracy - can be provided.

In addition, cheap electric servomotors in any design are available on the market.

According to another preferred form of execution of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, this first drive device via a synchronizing shaft with, for example, 65 / Screws/gears installed on it interacts with two adjusting screws, which in turn act on the upper tool table in such a way that if its horizontal position is ensured by its vertical movement up and down, thanks to which the upper tool table can be adjusted to the manufactured molded products. At the same time, the above-mentioned advantage of arbitrarily selecting the speed profile of the servo motor is manifested, which provides both fast covering of large distances and slow movement for precise alignment.

In another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the second drive device of the upper tool table for actuating the punches contains a hydraulic drive or a crank drive equipped with an electric servo motor.

In both cases, it is possible to achieve high clock frequencies. These high clock rates can be 40 7/o clocks per minute, 50 clocks per minute or more.

In addition, when using a hydraulic punch drive, forces of at least 40KN can be realized with a working stroke of 120mm and a moving mass of at least 200kg, and the time to overcome a working stroke of 120mm is less than 200ms.

According to another preferred variant of the second drive device, it acts on the punches in the upper tool through the connecting rod, rocking lever and /5 pressure rod, which is a very simple design solution. At the same time, in a particularly preferred version, it is provided that the rocker arm has a shiftable point of rotation, thanks to which its arms and, accordingly, the ratio of forces can be adjusted to a specific case of application.

The actuation of the punches through the connecting rod, rocker arm and push rod allows the second drive to be placed outside the upper tool, in particular not directly above it, so when using a hydraulic drive, the possible leakage of hydraulic oil is no longer important, since the oil cannot drip onto the film web . In addition, in a further preferred embodiment, the second drive for actuating the punches when the driving force is transmitted through the connecting rod, the rocker arm and the push rod is mounted laterally on the upper tool table so that it does not move relative to the upper tool table, whereby the second drive controls exclusively the movement of the punches and can be s ob Performed especially optimally from the point of view of high clock frequencies.

A further advantage is that the displacement of the pivot point of the rocker arm can be used to adjust the travel of the punches. With a constant travel of the drive, by moving the pivot point of the swing arm, the travel of the punches can be smoothly changed, so that the top dead center of the punches remains constant, and the bottom dead center can be adjusted to the size of the molded product being produced. In another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the punches are actuated with the help of a second drive device in such a way that a stroke of at least 120 mm or more can be performed in a time less than 30 Ωms, preferably in a time less than 200 ms . Thus, clock frequencies in excess of bO clocks per minute can be realized, i.e., in the corresponding inventive thermoforming unit, which includes, for example, a crank drive for a linearly directed lower tool table, clock frequencies that were generally considered unattainable until now can be realized . uh-

The task set in relation to the method is fulfilled by the features of clause 7 of the claims. At the same time, for the first time, a method of manufacturing molded products from plastic film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products using a thermoforming installation according to the restrictive part of item 1, is proposed, which includes the following stages: a) closing the molding tool by "directing the movable lower tool table with a guide device and feeding the lower tool table under the action of the drive device in such a way that it is able to move in the direction of the upper tool table, B) manufacturing a molded product with the molding tool closed, c) opening the molding tool by guiding the movable lower tool table with a guide device and feeding the lower tool table under the action of the drive device in such a way that it is able to move in the direction from the upper tool table, a) -And removal of molded products, if necessary to the slipway device, and it was proposed for the first time that the position of the upper tool table is adjusted relative to the

- of the top dead center of the lower tool table in accordance with the dimensions of the manufactured -I molded products, and also that the punches, movably mounted in the upper tool, are actuated by the second 5o drive device. The related advantages have already been outlined in the description of the device. Other advantageous forms of implementation of the method are reflected in the additional claims of the invention. o Below, the invention is explained in more detail using an example of implementation presented in the illustrations.

They schematically depict:

Fig.1. Front view of the embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention;

Fig. 2. A side view of the embodiment of the inventive thermoforming unit shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3. A fragment of a side view of the drive for deflecting the slat guide device shown in Fig. 1 and iF, 2 of the variant of the thermoforming installation according to the invention; ka Fig.4. Section along line X-X in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5. The version presented in Fig. 1-4 is in an inclined working position; in Fig.6. A sketch of the form of execution of the corresponding inventive drive of punches in the corresponding inventive thermoforming unit according to Fig. 1-5;

Fig. 7. A sketch of the form of execution, which explains how the drive according to Fig. b can be made;

Fig. 3. An alternative form of performance corresponding to the invention of the drive of the punches of the thermoforming unit according to Fig. 1-5; 65 Fig. 9. Another variant shown in Fig. 6-8 is an alternative according to the invention of the drive of punches with punches in the parking position;

Fig. 10. Fig. 9 shows the execution form of the punches drive, with the punches in the extended state:

Fig. 11. Another alternative structure of the mechanism for the variants of punch drives shown in Fig. 6-10.

For example, Fig. 1 shows the form of execution of the thermoforming unit 1 according to the invention

Front view. The movable units of the thermoforming unit 1 are installed on the frame 2. The frame 2 can be made, for example, in the form of frame racks made of sheet steel subjected to tempering. Located at the bottom, that is, near the floor, the crossbar 4 connects the frame racks 2 and at the same time serves as a support for the crank drive 6.

The crank drive 6 in the presented version is driven by an electric servo motor 8. Its drive force is transmitted through the belt 10 and belt pulleys 12 and 14, which is particularly better seen in Fig. 2 in the side view. 70 The crank drive 6 in the presented version is symmetrically installed on relatively short levers 16, and the levers 16, in turn, are hingedly installed in the bearing rack 18, fixed on the crossbar 4.

In Fig. 1, as well as in Fig. 2, the two-element forming tool 20 of the technological position of the plastic molding of the thermoforming unit 1 is shown almost in the middle in a closed state. The crossbar 24 shown in the upper part of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 connects both frame racks 2 above the two-element forming 7/5 Tool 20 serves as the basis for the drive 26 for adjusting the upper tool table 28 with the upper tool 30 fixed on it. The drive 26 for adjusting the upper tool table 28 can be made, for example, in the form of a micro-drive with a screw selection of backlashes. The lower tool table 32 is the basis for the lower tool 34 and, with the help of appropriately designed linear guides 36, is installed between the rocking guide bars 38 of the rocking bar guide unit 40 (see Fig. 3 and 4) 20 guide device 42. On the lower surface of the lower tool table 32 fixed cylinders 44 pusher and upper bearings 46 connecting rod.

Between the upper tool 30 and the lower tool 34 of the forming tool 20, shown in Fig. 1 and 2 closed, a chain conveyor 48 is placed, with which the plastic film 50 is fed to the two-element forming tool 20, and after forming and cutting, the molded products (not shown here) are transported and the plastic film 50 is pulled in two directions using appropriate means in the area of the two-element forming tool 20. io)

The upper tool table 28 is installed with the possibility of moving along the linear guides 52 between the frame racks 2. The lower tool 34 can contain, for example, a threaded surface with dimensions of 490mmx1040mm. In this way, four rows of 8 sockets for 32 molded products with a diameter of about 75 mm can be realized. This means the total length of the cut edges is 7640mm, which requires a total effort of about 400kKN. -

The upper tool 30, for example, is fixed to the upper table 28 through a spacer element, not shown in more detail. The guide rails, not shown in more detail, facilitate the installation of the tool. The threaded gap compensator 54 serves to compensate for the gap, for example, in the microdrive 26 of the upper tool table 28. The linear guides 36 for the lower tool table 32 have a backlash-free adjustment and ensure accurate guidance of the lower tool 34. The linear guides 52 of the upper tool table 28 have no adjustable slide guides without backlash are shown in more detail.

Placed under the lower tool table 32, the actuators 44 of the pusher for the pusher 56 visible in the cutout in Fig. 2 have two pneumatic cylinders with stroke limitation.

Connected to the crank drive 6 is the connecting rod 58, which can also be called the connecting rod for the lifting drive - from the lower tool table 32, in the version presented here it has the shape of a triangle or the letter U. The lower part 60 of the connecting rod 58 is hingedly mounted on the eccentric element 62 of the crankshaft of the drive 6. Both and" oriented upwards in Fig. 1 and 2 of the arm 63 of the U-shaped connecting rod 58 are hingedly installed in the bearings 46 of the connecting rod of the lower tool table 32. These two upper bearings 46 of the connecting rod are placed in such a way as to ensure the smallest possible deflection of the lower table 32, as well as its own weight as low as possible. U-shaped - And the connecting rod 58 in the presented version has only one bearing at the lower end 60, due to which one crank drive is enough to actuate it.

As already indicated, the crank drive 6 has a double-bearing design resistant to deflection. To facilitate installation, the bearings can be separated. The crank drive 6 is hingedly installed in the middle of the levers 16, which form a kind of double-rocker mechanism. Its right end is hingedly installed on the bearing rack 18, fixed on the crossbar 4. The left end of the double-rocker mechanism is connected to the 2 cutting drive 64. The cutting drive 64 consists, for example, of a hydraulic cylinder and a corresponding hydraulic installation, which with the help of a hydraulic cylinder creates shock vertical movement, which is transmitted to the lower tool 34 through the double-rocker mechanism 16, crank drive 6, connecting rod 58 and bearings 46 on the lower tool table 32.

The actuation unit of the crank drive 6 - as was previously indicated - can contain a servo motor 8, which through a gearbox, toothed belt, toothed chain transmission or similar mechanism in a backlash-free design acts on the crank drive 6. In this case, closing and opening of the two-element of the forming tool 20 corresponds to each 180? crankshaft rotation. because already shown in Fig. 1 and 2 rocking levers 38, on which the lower tool table 32 is installed, in the variant presented here have side guides 66 of rocking levers shown in more detail in Fig. 3, made in the form of rollers. Made, for example, in the form of rollers, side guides 66 of rocking levers 38 move on guides not shown in more detail and are installed with the possibility of backlash-free adjustment for precise guidance of the lower tool 34. 65 The executive elements for actuating the rocking guide bars 38 of the rocking guide bar device 40 are installed on both sides of the lower table 32, connecting rods 68. The crank drive 70 acting on both rocking guide bars 38, which may contain, for example, a drive gear servo motor 72 and a synchronizing shaft 74, can be used as a device for making the rocking movement of the lower tool 34 through the rocking guide bars 38. These details are shown in more detail in Fig. 4 as a cross-section along line X-X in Fig. 3.

To limit the rocking movement in the frame or in the frame 2, a stop 76 of the rocking lever is provided, shown in Fig.3.

This stop 76 of the rocker arm 38 is designed to ensure accurate positioning of the lower tool 32.

The drive for positioning the upper tool table 28, which can be made, for example, in the form of a micro-drive, serves not only to adjust the vertical stroke, but can also be used for 7/0 turning on or off the vertical stroke. In Figures 1 and 2, only fragmentarily shown adjusting screws 78 can be actuated, for example, from the gear motor 84 through the worm gears 80 and the synchronizing shaft 82.

In the variant shown in Fig. 1-5, the compensators 54 of the gap in the thread, made for example in the form of pneumatic bellows cylinders, pull the tool table 28 up through the rods, not shown in detail, in order to avoid lateral gaps between the screws and nuts.

As shown in more detail in Fig. 2, the installation contains a node of 86 punches. The node 86 punches, among other things, in the presented version contains a drive 88 punches made in the form of a servo motor, which is connected to the plate 90 punches and installed on it through a toothed belt transmission and a planetary-screw transmission with nuts and removable couplings, not shown in more detail in Fig. 2 punches 92. At the same time, the punches drive can also contain a highly dynamic servo motor.

In the alternative version of the punch drive unit 86 shown in Fig. 1, it may contain a console 94 on which a hydraulic cylinder 96 is mounted, which serves as a punch drive. The console 94 with the hydraulic cylinder moves linearly with the upper tool table 28. Thus, the distance between the hydraulic cylinder 96 and the upper tool table 28 always remains constant. The hydraulic cylinder 96 is surrounded by the housing 98, thanks to which, even with a slight leakage, the hydraulic oil will not escape. The connecting rod 100 is hingedly installed on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 96, as shown in Fig. 1, and the opposite end of the hydraulic cylinder 96 is hingedly connected to the right end of the swing arm 102. o);

The lever 102 with the possibility of swinging is mounted on a bearing 104. The bearing 104 is mounted on a rack, which in turn is fixed on the upper tool table 28. At the left end of the swinging lever 102, a pressure connecting rod 106 is hingedly mounted, connected to a plate 90 with punches 92. Hydraulic cylinder to bring the punches 92 into action, it may contain a servo control unit, which can be used to programmatically control the amount of stroke of the cylinder 96. The necessary hydraulic unit can be placed in the lower part of the installation. The connecting rod 106 can be connected to the punch plate 90 through a compensating clutch. The housing 98 for M of the hydraulic cylinder 96 serves not only to protect against a possible leakage of hydraulic oil, but may also contain a servo control unit and sensors for detecting a possible leakage of oil, as well as means for its removal. This is also true for hydraulic pipelines. uh-

As shown in Fig. 2, the thermoforming unit 1 according to the invention can be equipped with a slip device 108, which receives the manufactured molded products after pushing them out of the cavities of the lower tool 34, slips them and takes them away. For this purpose, the slipway device 108 may contain, for example, a grid 110 for transporting the pushed-out molded products. "

To simplify the description, the positional designations used in the description of Fig. 1-5, in the further description of Fig. 6-11, are similarly used for the same or for the same or similarly acting structural elements.

Figure 6 shows another version of the drive 88 punches described with reference to Figures 1-5. The crank )" mechanism 140 through the connecting rod 100 acts on the rocking lever 102, which is also depicted in Fig. b with a dash-dotted line to explain two different positions, namely the position during the working stroke with the lowering of the punches 92, as well as the position during the return stroke , that is, when lifting the punches -I 92 installed on the plate 90. At the same time, the rocking lever 102, installed with the possibility of swinging around the point of rotation in the bearing 104, which in turn is made with the possibility of movement, illustrated by the arrow 142, acts on the connecting rod 106,

Sh- is hingedly installed on the plate 90 with punches 92. By moving the rotation point of the bearing 104-I along the imaginary horizontal line 144, it is possible to change the stroke 146 of the punches with a constant stroke 148 of the drive. At the same time, the working stroke of punches 92 down is indicated by arrow 150, and the reverse stroke is indicated by arrow 152.

Sh- Fig. 7 shows a schematic, simplified possible form of execution of the drive of 88 punches. The crank mechanism 140 is installed on the bearing 154. The reducer 156 and the clutch-brake unit 158 connect the crank mechanism 140 to the engine 160.

Fig. 8 shows another alternative form of execution of the drive of 88 punches. The kinematic scheme in ov basically corresponds to the one shown in Fig. b6. Instead of the crank mechanism 140 shown in Fig. b6 according to

Fig. 8 provides a hydraulic cylinder 162, similar to the hydraulic cylinder 96 described with reference to Fig. 1-5. The displacement of the rotation point is also indicated by an arrow 142. An electric motor 164 and an adjusting screw 166 are provided for displacement of the rotation point 104 according to Fig. 8 .

Fig. 9 schematically presents another version of the drive of 88 punches. To create force, a hydraulic cylinder 96 or 162 is used. It is connected to the connecting rod 100 at point A. In turn, the connecting rod 100 at point B is connected to the rocking lever 102. And the rocking lever 102 at point C is hinged with push rod 106. On its side, the connecting rod 106 is hinged to the plate 90 at point O. The punches 92 are hinged to the plate 90, and are installed in the upper tool 30 with the possibility of linear movement. The upper tool 30 is fixed on the upper tool table 28. The rocking lever 102 is installed with the possibility of rotation around the BB POINT Vo.

In the actuator 88 shown in Fig. 9, the hydraulic cylinder 96 or 162 is placed in front of or behind the upper tool 30. Alternatively, it is also possible to place the cylinder 96 or 162 next to the tool 30. In Fig. 9, the punches 92 are shown in the parking position. Accordingly, in Fig. 10 punches 92 are shown in the lowered position. In the rest of the image in Fig. 10 corresponds to the form of execution of the drive 88, presented in

Fig. o

Fig. 11 shows another alternative form of execution of the drive 88 punches. It is similar to the variant presented in Fig. 9 and 10, but has an alternative kinematics of the swing arm. At the same time, elongated holes are made in the points of the hinge connection B and C, which give the points of application of forces the ability to move, thanks to which the hydraulic cylinder 96 or 162 can be connected to the rocker arm 102 at the point B directly, 70 without an intermediate connecting rod 100. It is also possible to do without connecting rod 106 by combining points C and O into a single point

With effort; in this case, the rocker arm 102 is directly connected to a suitably designed projection or bearing support 168 installed on the plate 90.

As it was previously indicated, for the formation of, for example, cup-shaped molded products, the heated plastic film 50 is pressed into the forming sockets or cavities of the lower tool 34 with the help of punches 92 installed in the upper tool ZO with the possibility of linear 7/5 movement. Due to the creation of excess pressure in the upper with the ZO tool, the film adheres to the surfaces of the forming nests or cavities. After that, the punches 92 are again moved back to their parking position (see Fig.9) in the upper tool 30 (see arrows 150 and 152 in Fig.b and 8).

In order to achieve the shortest possible time for the formation of molded products, the invention proposed a drive of 88 punches with high dynamics. Thanks to its use, the duration of the cycle of moving the punches 92 (downward movement (150) and return movement (152) to the initial position) of a maximum of 300ms, preferably a maximum of 250ms, especially preferably a maximum of 200ms, is achieved. In addition, the drive 88 punches, described with reference to Fig. 6-11, is capable of developing the forces necessary to squeeze the plastic film 50. The total force acting on a separate punch 92, depending on the form of execution, can be up to 50,000 N high school

Accordingly, in order to create the necessary forces, the above-described embodiment of the drive 88 punches contains a hydraulic cylinder 96 or 162. According to Fig. 9-11, the punches 92 are fixedly connected to o) through rods 170). plate 90. Rods 170 with the possibility of linear movement are installed in the guide bushings 172 of the upper tool 30, due to which the entire assembly 86 punches can move in the vertical direction.

As described above, the actuation of the punches 92 is carried out with the help of a hydraulic cylinder 96 or 162, which - as shown in Fig. 1-5 - is immovably fixed on the console 94, which in turn is installed on the upper tool table 28. Linear movement of the piston rod 174 is first transmitted through the connecting rod 100 with the pivot points A and B to the rocker arm 102. The rocker arm 102 is installed with the possibility M of rotation around the point B0 relative to the upper tool table 28. Finally, the connecting rod 106 with the pivot points C and O transmits the movement of the rocker arm 102 per node 86 punches. uh-

The drive 88 shown schematically in Fig. 6-11 can be made in a large number of forms. In one of the variants of the example, the movement of the rocker arm 102 can be transmitted to the node 86 punches through a finger and a pulley. Similarly, the cylinder 96 or 162, as an alternative to a fixed connection with the console 94, can be connected to it hingedly, with the possibility of swinging.

Another advantage of the 88 hydraulic drive is the considerable effort it produces with very good dynamics. In this case, there is no danger of thermal overload. Thus, according to the invention, for the first time, a thermoforming plant for the production of molded products from plastic film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products, etc., which has a technological position equipped with a two-element forming tool, has been advantageously developed plastic molding. The two-element forming tool has an adjustable upper tool table with an upper tool in which punches are movably mounted, and a movably mounted lower tool table with a lower tool in which cavities are made for forming products.

The movable lower table is moved relative to the upper table with the help of a drive device and a guide device

Sh- table up and down. At the same time, the upper tool table according to the invention for the first time contains the first -I drive device for setting the upper tool table in its position relative to the top dead center of the lower tool table, consistent with the manufactured molded products. Except

What's more, the upper tool table for the first time contains a second drive device for actuating the punches, which are movably installed in the upper tool. In addition, the invention for the first time offers an economical method of manufacturing molded products from plastic film.

If a hydraulic drive is used to actuate the punches, it can be made in the form of a so-called linear amplifier of the servo control system, thanks to which the control of both its stroke and the speed profile can be carried out independently, and therefore these parameters can be set in advance . iF, Plastic films made of polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene /--: OR polyvinyl chloride can be processed in the corresponding inventive thermoforming unit. The plastic film supplied to the thermoforming unit in the form of a film sheet can have a width from 250 mm to 750 mm and a thickness from 0.3 mm to 4 mm. The forming surface between the upper and lower tools has dimensions of at least 700 mm x 45 mm. The maximum closing force is at least 400kN with the maximum length of the cutting line at least 8400mm.

Claims (8)

The formula of the invention b5 1. Thermoforming installation (1) for manufacturing molded products from plastic film (50), such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food or similar products, having a technological position of plastic molding equipped with a two-element molding tool (20), and a two-element the forming tool (20) has an adjustable fixed upper tool table (28) with an upper tool (30) in which punches (92) are movably mounted, and a movably mounted lower tool table (32) with a lower tool in which cavities are made for forming products , and the movable lower tool table (32) is mounted on the guide device (42) with the possibility of movement under the action of the drive device relative to the upper tool table (28) up and down, which differs /0 in that the upper tool table (28) contains the first drive device (26) for setting the upper tool table (28) in its relative position the top dead center axis of the lower tool table (32) is aligned with the manufactured molded products, and the upper tool table (28) further includes a second drive device (88) for actuating the punches (92) movably mounted in the upper tool. 2. Thermoforming installation (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first drive device (26) for adjusting the upper tool table is an electric servo motor (84). 3. Thermoforming unit (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first drive device (26) is connected by means of a synchronizing shaft (82) with screws/gears mounted on it to two adjusting screws (78), which in turn, are connected to the upper tool table (28) with 2o ensuring its horizontal position during vertical movement up and down, as well as its coordination with specific manufactured molded products. 4. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the second drive device (88) comprises a hydraulic drive (96, 162) or a crank drive (140) driven by an electric servo motor (160) for driving into action punches (92) of the upper tool table (28). high school 5. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-4, which is characterized by the fact that the second drive device (88) is connected to the punches by means of a connecting rod (100), a rocking lever (102) and a pressure connecting rod (106) 92) in o); upper tool (30), and the rocking lever (102) has a displaceable (142) point of rotation Vo. 6. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-5, which is characterized in that the drive device (88) is made in such a way that the punches (92) are able to perform a stroke (146) of 120 mm in a time of less than 300 ms, о зо mainly in a time less than 200 m. 7. The method of manufacturing molded products from plastic film (50), such as cups, bottles, lids, - packaging for food products or similar products using a thermoforming unit (1) according to M with the limiting part of claim 1, which includes the following stages: closing forming tool (20) by guiding the movable lower tool table (32) with the guide device (42) and feeding the lower tool table (32) under the action of the drive device in such a way that it is able to move towards the upper tool table ( 28), manufacturing the molded product with the molding tool (20) closed, opening the molding tool (20) by guiding the movable lower tool table (32) with the guide device (42) and feeding the lower tool table (32) under the action of the drive device in such a way that it is able to "move in the direction from the upper tool table (28), extraction of formed products, if necessary, to the sliding device, which is characterized by the fact that the position of the upper tool table (28) is adjusted relative to the top dead center of the lower tool table (32) with the help of the first drive device (26) in accordance with the dimensions of the manufactured molded products, punches (92), movably mounted in the upper tool (30), are actuated by a second drive device (88). 8. The method according to claim 7, which differs in that the device according to points 1-6 is used. -I -I -I - 50 (42) F) ime) 60 b5