UA77509C2 - Thermo forming installation and method for producing shaped bodies made of plastic film - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermo forming installation (1) for producing shaped bodies (114) made of plastic film (50), such as cups, containers, lids, food packagings or the same, using a forming station that comprises a two-part form tool (20). Said two-part form tool (20) has an adjustably fixable upper tool table (28), comprising an upper tool (30) with advancers (92) movably mounted therein and a movable lower tool table (32), comprising a lower tool (34) with cavities (112). The movable lower tool table (32) is guided by means of a guide device (42) and can be moved relative the upper tool table (28) towards or away from it by means of a drive device. The invention is especially characterized in that the guide device (42) is provided with a pivoted guide rail arrangement (40) by means of the which the lower tool table (32) can be linearly guided and pivoted together with the arrangement. The invention also relates to a method for producing the shaped bodies (114) made of plastic film (50).

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to a thermoforming installation for the production of molded products from plastic 2 film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products, which has a technological position of plastic molding equipped with a two-element molding tool in accordance with the restrictive part of clause 1 of the claims of the invention, and as well as the method of manufacturing such molded products according to the restrictive part of clause 14 of the claims.

In practice, thermoforming units are known in various variants and forms of execution. At the same time, a two-element forming tool is used for the production of bottle-like objects or molded products from plastic. One half of the mold, the so-called upper tool, is fixed on the upper tooling table and together with it, as a rule, with the possibility of adjustment, is fixedly connected to the frame or body of the thermoforming unit, thanks to which the upper tool can be adjusted to the manufactured molded product. The second half of the mold, the so-called lower tool, is movably mounted 12 in the frame or body of the thermoforming unit.

For the production of a molded product, the mold halves, that is, the upper and lower tools, are in the closed position. Between the upper and lower tools, a plastic film is placed, which is often preheated and therefore suitable for plastic molding, which is most often fed cyclically from a roll in the form of a sheet.

During the deep drawing process, the plastic film is clamped between the upper and lower tools, thus fixing its position. The film is then pressed into the cavities of the lower tool by the punches of the upper tool, while the edges of the manufactured molded product continue to be held between the upper and lower tools. By creating rarefaction in the cavities or by blowing air, the film is pressed against the inner surfaces of the cavities of the lower tool and thus given the desired shape. p. 29 After sufficient cooling of the plastic film due to contact with - if necessary, actively cooled - surfaces of the tool, the molded products are separated from the plastic film. For this, the lower tool is raised up to the thickness of the film. At the same time, the corresponding cutting edges of the two-element forming tool cut individual molded products from the film web.

The holey web formed at the same time is often again cyclically fed to the winding unit in a roll. at

After that, in order to remove the molded products from the cavities, the lower tool is moved away from the upper av tool and at the same time is rotated around its longitudinal axis in such a way that the lower tool is in front of the slip device and the molded products can be transferred to the slip device. at

Examples of such thermoforming units known from practice are described, for example, in 05 6,135, 756 or M

OE 33 46 628 JSC).

However, a significant economic disadvantage of these well-known thermoforming units is that they are capable of realizing low clock frequencies of only about 30 clock cycles per minute. Higher clock frequencies are not possible without damaging the moving parts.

But - considering today's high cost pressure - such low clock frequencies are no longer "acceptable". C 70 In addition, the actuators used, as well as the guide devices for the lower tool, are unsatisfactory in known thermoforming plants.

Iz" thermoforming installation, described in OE 33 46 628 AT), contains a two-element forming tool, and the upper tool is fixed on the body, and the lower one is movable. The lower tool for closing or opening the mold performs a combined lifting and rotary movement to the upper tool and from it to the slip device and then back to the upper tool. The lifting and 7-rotational movement of the lower tool is realized by a lever-knee mechanism with disk-I cams. Thus, the lower tool must move vertically and at the same time - around its longitudinal axis. i-th Used in the well-known thermoforming plant (from OE 33 46 628 AT), the combination of a lever-knee 20 mechanism and a drive on disk cams is made very complex. At the same time, the drive on disk cams as such has a systemic drawback, which is that it can transmit only limited efforts. In addition, such a drive cannot implement a high clock frequency. At the same time, drives on disk cams are prone to rapid wear, therefore they require frequent maintenance, which significantly increases the operating costs of such thermoforming units. In addition, the discussed thermoforming 29 installation according to OE 33 46 628 AT | contains another node, which also systematically assumes only low clock

HF) frequencies. Another disadvantage of this well-known thermoforming installation is that the process of separating the formed products takes a relatively long time and at the same time occurs rather with cutting or even crumpling, as a result of which the cutting edges of the two-element forming tool wear out quickly. This 60 in turn increases maintenance costs, which negatively affects operating costs. Increasing the speed of separation in such a way that, for example, cutting speeds can be achieved in the thermoforming unit described |in OE 33 46 628 AT) is impossible due to system reasons. At the same time, the limiting elements are disk cams, which, along with the complex general movement of the lower tool, must also perform an additional forward-reverse movement to separate the pre-formed products. When trying to increase the speed of separation, there would be areas of disc cams,

which control the separation movement, should be made much shorter, and the corresponding corner segments - smaller, which, however, would lead to extremely unfavorable ratios between the driving forces and, thereby, to an unacceptable increase in the load on the structural elements. As a result, disc cams loaded in this way would require constant maintenance or even replacement, which would unacceptably increase operating costs. Thus, the disk cams |in OE 33 46 628 AT) determine the upper limit value not only of the clock frequency, but also of the speed of separation.

The thermoforming unit according to ISO 5 6,135, 756) also has a two-element forming tool. And in it, the guiding device combined with the drive of the lower tool table or the lower tool /0 1 with the help of a cam-crank-rod mechanism forms a combined lifting and rotating movement of the lower tool, and it contains two cam-crank-rod mechanisms located on the outer ends of the lower tool At the same time, the lower tool on its outer sides contains three pins that move in curvilinear grooves made stationary relative to the body. These curvilinear grooves have a very complex geometry and are calculated so that the lower tool at 7/5 Opening of the mold moves down from the upper tool and rotates to the correct orientation relative to the slip device, and then turns away from the latter again. Since the complex geometry of the curvilinear grooves is not suitable for transmitting the forces necessary to separate the formed products, additional disk cams are provided, with the help of which the forces necessary for this should be transmitted.

Although in this way a slight increase in the speed of separation was achieved compared to OE 33 46 628 AT), but the necessary high values of the speed of separation for die-cutting molded products from plastic film were not achieved. The separation process remained by cutting or crumpling.

Disc cams |v 05 6,135,756 compared to OE 33 46 628 AT) are subjected to a much greater load.

Accordingly, these structural elements wear out much faster. Therefore, significant volumes of maintenance work are required, which negatively affects operating costs. In addition, due to the unfavorable ratio of transmitted forces, it is possible that the disc cams will crack and then they must be changed. This leads to downtime of the thermoforming plant and to a complete stop i) of the production process.

Despite this, with the help of geometrically complex and very difficult to coordinate rocker guides, the high values of clock frequencies required today are unattainable. In addition, such rocker guides Ge! zo are not able to transmit sufficiently large forces, since not only the forces for raising and lowering the lower tool, but also the forces for its acceleration, deceleration, as well as overturning or rotation must be transmitted through the guide fingers. Large tools with the number of forming cavities sufficient for modern requirements according to |from 05 6,135,756)| cannot be implemented, because with the increase in size, the own weight of the lower tool also increases, therefore the efforts necessary to perform the above movements cannot - c5 Can be transferred. Cha

In addition, the complex geometry of a large number of rocker guides requires their constant maintenance, as they can be damaged or lose the necessary accuracy due to significant efforts.

In addition, a further significant disadvantage of these complex rocker guides is that accurate feed of the lower tool is not ensured during the final movement to the upper tool. Accurate feeding of the lower tool relative to the upper tool is precisely at high clock frequencies an essential prerequisite for (Z) exact repetition of the shape of manufactured products in order to avoid unwanted defects.

Therefore, the task of the present invention is such an improvement of known thermoforming units, in which;" significantly higher clock frequencies can be achieved, which can ensure the economical operation of advanced thermoforming plants. In addition, the task of the invention is also to develop a method

Production of molded products from plastic film. -I With regard to the device, the problem of the invention is solved by the features of item 1 of the claims.

Regarding the method, the problem of the invention is solved by the features of item 14 of the claims.

Ш- In accordance with the invention, a thermoforming plant was developed for the production of molded products from plastic film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products, which has a technological position of plastic molding equipped with a two-element molding tool. At the same time, the two-element forming tool has an adjustable fixed top

Ge tool table with an upper tool in which punches are movably installed, and a lower tool table movably installed with a lower tool in which cavities are made for forming products.

The movable lower instrument table is installed on the guide device with the possibility of movement under the action of the drive device relative to the upper instrument table towards it and away from it.

At the same time, it is provided for the first time that the guide device contains a slatted guide assembly on which

F) the lower instrument table is installed with the possibility of linear or rectilinear movement and swinging together with the guide device. In this way, the lower tool table can perform unambiguous rectilinear translational and reciprocating movement without the need for simultaneous rotation around its longitudinal axis, as provided in known solutions of the prior art.

The movement of the lower tool for ejecting finished molded products according to the invention is achieved due to the ability of the guide device to perform rocking (oscillating) movements without the need for rotation of the lower tool table, for example, around its longitudinal axis. In this way, a "clean" bringing of the lower tool table to the upper tool table is ensured during each working stroke, which guarantees their repeated, exact mutual position.

In addition, the advantage of the oscillating ability of the slat guide device with a resolution of rocking movement from linear translational and reciprocating movement is that the accuracy of repeating the rectilinear translational and reciprocating movement of the lower tool does not depend on rocking movement in any way. In addition, in this way, the lower tool in a lowered position, i.e., in a position remote from the upper tool, can be deflected from the frame of the thermoforming unit and precisely brought to the slip device with the help of a rocking guide device. Thanks to this, the lower tool with the finished molded products placed in it in this position can be optimally oriented relative to the slip device and, if necessary, move linearly towards it and/or away from it.

In addition, an additional advantage of the new guide device with a rocking bar guide assembly is that the hinged installation and linear guidance of the lower tool between the rocking guides is carried out by means of known, suitably designed communication elements, thanks to which the communication elements must directly transmit to the lower tool table only the driving forces for the translational and reciprocating movement of the lower tool, as well as for the vertical stroke; it is advantageously ensured that the guide elements are not subjected to these significant loads. In this way, arbitrarily large values of effort can be directly transmitted to the lower tool table without, as is known from the state of the art, fear of the danger of inevitable wear, or even failure of known combinations of disc cams and guide fingers, moved in rocker guides and loaded with full drive effort.

Other advantageous forms of implementation and aspects of the present invention are the subject of additional claims.

In the preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the rocking bar guide unit of the guide device first contains two swinging guide bars hinged on the frame of the thermoforming unit, between which the lower tool table is installed with the possibility of linear or rectilinear movement to the upper tool table and from it. At the same time, according to another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the drive device for the lower tool table is made in the form of a crank drive. with

In this way, symmetrical direction of the lower instrument table is achieved. At the same time, particularly accurate reciprocating movement of the lower tool table is ensured. Thanks to i) two-way direction of the lower tool table, not only its exact parallel position relative to the upper tool table is ensured, but also an additional synergistic effect occurs, which consists in applying the force created by the crank drive from below in the middle of the lower b tool table for its reciprocating upward movement and down, that is, to and from the upper table. In addition, the crank drive with the help of appropriate connecting means can be connected to several points of the lower tool table, thanks to which significant forces can be transferred to it without significant deflection or deformation of the lower tool table.

The advantage of a crank drive is a theoretically unlimited clock frequency from above. With the help of a crank drive, clock frequencies of 40, 50 or significantly more cycles per minute can be achieved for the first time without problems. At the same time, a linear or rectilinear movement of the lower tool table is synergistically used in combination with a crank drive to ensure such high clock frequencies.

Although this principle is known from internal combustion piston engines, in them, however, the reverse problem is solved - the transfer of the force created during the combustion of the compressed fuel mixture through the reciprocating movement of the piston from c to the connecting rod, and from it to the crankshaft to ensure rotation transmission and thus the wheels of the vehicle. In this invention, for the first time, the externally generated rotational force Through ;" the crank drive is converted into a linear reciprocating motion to actuate the lower tool of the thermoforming unit, first, with sufficiently high forces, and secondly, with sufficiently high speed, reaching clock frequencies of 40, 50 or more cycles per minute . Such clock frequencies -I were considered unattainable until now.

In addition, the advantage of the corresponding inventive combination of the crank drive and the linear or rectilinear direction of the lower tool table compared to known thermoforming installations is extremely low wear, thanks to which operating costs can be significantly reduced, as well as 5 years of idle installation can be eliminated. In this way, not only the productivity of the thermoforming plant according to the invention can be significantly increased, but also - due to the reduction of operating costs thanks to a particularly reliable

Ge) designs - generally achieved a positive ratio of costs and efficiency.

According to another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the crank drive is thus placed on the opposite upper tool table of the two sides of the lower tool table inside the frame of the thermoforming unit, which is the axis of the crankshaft, the axis of its eccentric segment at the top dead center, the point of hinged installation of the rocking guides

F) the slats and points of hinged connection to the lower table when reaching its top dead center are placed on an imaginary common line. This ensures a situation where the maximum force is transmitted at the top dead center of the lower tool, i.e. when the forming tool is closed, due to the linear flow of forces through all the involved structural elements from the crank drive to the lower tool table, no energy losses or unfavorable force application ratios can occur. This is an advantage in particular in cases where, in this position, an additional vertical drive impulse is to be transmitted through these structural elements to create a vertical movement of the lower tool.

In another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the eccentric 65 part of the crank drive shaft is hinged to the lower tool table, preferably in the middle, by means of a connecting rod. This provides the advantage of direct power transmission from the crank drive to the lower tool table. In this way, it is possible to abandon the multi-element crank-knee mechanisms known from the state of the art. An additional advantage is that in order to ensure the optimal transmission of significant efforts, the minimum

The number of loaded structural elements, for example, by boundary element methods. Thus, lower design costs are ensured from the beginning.

In another preferred form of execution of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the connecting rod has

U-shaped, i.e. branched into two arms r at two widely spaced points, hingedly connected to the lower instrument table. This enables optimal transmission of forces to the lower instrumented 7/0 foot without fear of its unacceptable deformation or deflection. At the same time, by carefully selecting the points of the hinge connection, the power flow in the lower tool table can be optimized in such a way that even when the maximum effort is transferred to perform the cutting of finished products, the lower table will not undergo deflection or deformation.

In another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, the crank /5 drive contains an electric servomotor. Its advantage is, for example, the possibility of programmable control or regulation, thanks to which the current rotational parameters of the servo motor can be optimally matched to the specific case of its application. Such performance optimization is not possible for disk cam drives, which are known from the prior art to be burdened with disadvantages.

In addition, in another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit, it is provided that the electric 2o servo motor drives the belt pulley of the crank drive through a toothed belt. This is a cost-effective solution using well-proven structural elements. At the same time, gears, worm gears, or other mechanisms can also be used to transmit power from the servomotor to the crank drive. In addition, the servomotor can be directly connected to the crankshaft. The advantage of such a solution is the maximum compactness of the design. high school

In another preferred form of execution of the thermoforming unit corresponding to the invention, it is first provided that the lower tool table is designed with the possibility of being deflected from the frame of the thermoforming unit i) and leading to and away from the slip device in a position remote from the upper tool.

In this way, not only the advantages mentioned above are achieved, but also the possibility of such orientation of the lower b

From the table to the slip device and feeding to it, the molded products that are available in the lower tool can be transferred optimally, without distortions, with the necessary repetition accuracy to the slip device. At the same time, thanks to the oscillating ability of the guide device, the lower tool table is brought to the slipway device and its exact orientation is ensured. In addition, the ability of the lower tool table to move linearly or rectilinearly within the oscillating guide device provides a synergistic advantage, which is that the lower tool, for example, with the help of a crank drive, can make a reciprocating movement to and from the slip device it and, for example, in the case of different sizes of molded products, additional compensation of the path section that the molded product must overcome from the molding cavity of the lower tool to the slip device is possible. At the same time, in combination with the ejector available in the lower tool, optimal coordination of the movement of molded products from the cavities of the lower tool to the corresponding receiving points of the slipway device can be achieved.

In addition, it is an advantage that, in this way, together with the corresponding inventive thermoforming unit a, differently designed slip devices can be used, thanks to which, in view of the manufactured molded products, slip devices can be used without additional coordination costs.

According to another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, pusher drives are installed on the lower tool table to raise and lower the pushers movably installed in the lower tool, preferably between the arms of the U-shaped connecting rod adjacent to the lower tool table. The advantage of this solution is, on the one hand, that the ejectors can give an additional impulse to the finished molded products, thanks to which the molded products are without problems

Will be able to overcome the distance from the lower tool to the slip device. On the other hand, an additional advantage of placing the pusher drive under the lower tool table is that it is optimal

The free space between the shoulders of the MU-shaped connecting rod is used, which achieves the maximum compactness of the design of the thermoforming unit according to the invention.

In another preferred embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, it is proposed that a second drive device is provided for moving the lower tool table together with the first drive device inside the guide device for the purpose (F) of performing a predetermined vertical stroke. Thanks to this, for example, in combination with the crank drive, not only the high clock speed per se is provided, but also the high clock speed of the die stroke is possible at the same time, which realizes the movement of the bo for die-cutting of the finished molded products, and the die stroke can be performed in a time less than 1/Osec. By lifting the lower tool table along its guides for vertical movement, the precise interaction of the lower tool table with the upper tool table is ensured, due to which distortions or other defects during cutting of finished molded products are excluded and, thereby, unwanted wear of the cutting tools is eliminated their edges In addition, it is ensured that in this way, in order to perform a 65 vertical stroke compared to the cutting or turning movements known from the state of the art, significantly greater forces can be transferred to the lower tool table without problems in a significantly shorter time. At the same time, it is important that these forces can be transmitted to the lower tool table not only quickly, that is, within a short time interval, but also with a high repetition rate, thanks to which a high clock frequency of the thermoforming unit according to the invention can be achieved, both from the point of view of closing and opening of the molding tool, as well as from the point of view of the punch for separating finished molded products when the molding tool is closed.

Accordingly, according to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the second drive device for performing a vertical stroke contains a hydraulic cylinder. The advantage of such a solution is that, compared to traditional disc cam drives, as well as compared to the crank drive, which has proven itself well in the thermoforming unit of the invention for driving the lower tool table, the hydraulic chisel drive can transfer to the lower tool table even larger effort in a much shorter period of time, thanks to which an optimal cutting impulse can be formed. In addition, the hydraulic drive - similarly to the crank drive with an electric servo motor - can be optimally adjusted, that is, it can be involved in the automatic control of the technological process and coordinated in the best possible way with the crank /5 drive. In this way, it can be ensured that the cutting stroke is performed exactly when the lower tool is at the top dead center, that is, when the forming tool is closed.

According to another preferred form of execution, the length of the vertical stroke of the second drive device is from 3 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 5 to mm, especially preferably from 1.1 to 1.3 of the thickness of the plastic film. This ensures the optimal result of cutting finished molded products from the plastic film sandwiched between the upper and lower tools. At the same time, particularly clean edges of the separated molded products are provided, thanks to which it is possible to do without their additional processing, for example, for the installation of covers.

As it was already indicated above, the task set in relation to the method is solved by the features of item 14 of the claims.

At the same time, a method of manufacturing molded products from plastic film, such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products using a thermoforming unit with the above-mentioned generic features, is proposed, which includes the following stages: a) closing the molding tool and) by guiding the movable lower tool table with a guiding device and feeding the lower tool table under the action of the drive device in such a way that it is able to move towards the upper tool table, B) manufacturing the molded product with the molding tool closed, c) opening the molding tool by guiding moving lower tool table with a guide device and feeding the lower tool table under the action of a drive device in such a way that it is able to move in the direction from the upper tool table, 4) removal of molded products, if necessary to appeal device. At the same time, according to the invention, it is proposed for the first time that the lower tool table is moved in a straight line with the help of a rocking guide device to close and open the forming tool and, together with the guide device, is deflected to remove the molded products. This achieves the advantages and synergistic effects already described above.

Other advantageous embodiments and aspects of the present invention in relation to the method are the subject of additional claims. "

According to the preferred form of execution of the corresponding inventive method of actuating the lower table with c is carried out by a drive device made in the form of a crank drive. The advantages and synergistic effects achieved by this have already been described above. According to another preferred form of implementation of the corresponding invention;" method, the lower tool table in a position remote from the upper tool table is deflected together with the rocking guide device from the frame of the thermoforming unit, it is positioned

Relative to the sled device and move to and from the sled device. In addition, according to another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the lower tool table together with its drive device inside the guide device is raised and lowered with the help of the second drive device to perform vertical movement with a predetermined value of the vertical stroke. The advantages and synergistic effects related to this feature have also already been described above.

Below, the invention is explained in more detail using an example of implementation presented in the illustrations. They schematically depict:

Ge) Fig. 1. Front view of the embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention;

Fig2. A side view of the embodiment of the thermoforming unit according to the invention shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3. Fragment of a side view of the drive for deflecting the slat guide device shown in Fig. 1 and 2 of the variant of the thermoforming installation according to the invention;

F) Fig. 4. Section along line X-X in Fig. 3; ka Fig.5. The version presented in Fig. 1-4 is in an inclined working position;

Fig. 6. A three-dimensional simplified view of the movable units of an example of a thermoforming installation according to the invention, on which arrows indicate the linear movement of the lower tool table;

Fig. 7. Three-dimensional simplified view of the variant depicted in Fig. b, on which the vertical movement of the lower instrument table is indicated by other arrows;

Fig. 8. Three-dimensional simplified view of the variant shown in Fig. b and 7, on which other arrows indicate 65 movements when the guide device is deflected.

Fig. 1, for example, shows the form of execution of the thermoforming unit according to the invention

1 in front view. The movable units of the thermoforming unit 1 are installed on the frame 2. The frame 2 can be made, for example, in the form of frame racks made of sheet steel subjected to tempering. Located at the bottom, that is, near the floor, the crossbar 4 connects the frame racks 2 and at the same time serves as a support for the crank drive 6.

The crank drive 6 in the presented version is driven by an electric servo motor 8. Its drive force is transmitted through the belt 10 and belt pulleys 12 and 14, which is particularly better seen in Fig. 2 in the side view.

The crank drive 6 in the presented version is symmetrically installed on relatively short levers 16, and the levers 16, in turn, are hingedly installed in the bearing rack 18, fixed on the crossbar 4.

In Fig. 1, as well as in Fig. 2, the two-element forming 7/0 Tool 20 of the technological position of the plastic molding of the thermoforming unit 1 is shown almost in the middle in a closed state. The crossbar 24 shown in the upper part of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 connects both frame racks 2 above the two-element forming tool 20 and serves as the basis for the drive 26 for adjusting the upper tool table 28 with the upper tool 30 fixed on it. The drive 26 for adjusting the upper tool table 28 can be made, for example, in the form of a micro-drive with a screw selection of backlashes. The lower tool table 32 is the basis for the lower tool 34 and, with the help of appropriately designed linear guides 36, is installed between the rocking guide bars 38 of the rocking bar guide unit 40 (see Fig. 3 and 4) of the guide device 42. On the lower surface of the lower tool table 32 fixed cylinders 44 of the ejector and upper bearings 46 of the connecting rod.

A chain conveyor 48 is placed between the upper tool 30 and the lower tool 34 of the forming tool 20 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 closed, with which the plastic film 50 is fed to the two-element forming tool 20, and after forming and cutting, formed products not shown here are transported, and the plastic film 50 is stretched in two directions using appropriate means in the area of the two-element forming tool 20.

The upper tool table 28 is installed with the possibility of movement along the linear guides 52 between the frame racks 2. The lower tool 34 can contain, for example, a threaded surface with dimensions of 490mmx1040mm. In this way, four rows of 8 sockets for 32 molded products with a diameter of about 75 mm can be realized. This means the total length of the cut edges is 7640mm, which requires a total effort of about 400kKN.

The upper tool 30, for example, is fixed to the upper table 28 through a spacer element, not shown in more detail. The guide rails, not shown in more detail, facilitate the installation of the tool. The threaded gap compensator 54 serves to compensate for the gap, for example, in the micro-drive 26 of the upper tool table 28. The linear guides 36 for the lower tool table 32 have a backlash-free adjustment and ensure accurate guidance of the lower tool 34. The linear guides 52 of the upper tool table 28 have not shown adjustable sliding guides without backlash in detail. -

Placed under the lower tool table 32, the actuators 44 of the pusher for the pusher 56 visible in the cutout in Fig. 2 have two pneumatic cylinders with stroke limitation.

Connected to the crank drive 6, the connecting rod 58, which can also be called the connecting rod for the lifting drive of the lower tool table 32, in the version presented here has the shape of a triangle or the letter U. The lower part 60 of the connecting rod 58 is hingedly mounted on the eccentric element 62 of the crankshaft of the drive 6 .

Both of the arms 63 of the U-shaped connecting rod 58 oriented upwards in Fig. 1 and 2 are hingedly installed in the bearings 46 and c of the connecting rod of the lower tool table 32. These two upper bearings 46 of the connecting rod are placed in such a way as to ensure the smallest possible deflection of the lower table 32 , as well as its own weight as small as possible. "» U-shaped connecting rod 58 in the presented version has only one bearing at the lower end 60, due to which one crank drive is enough to actuate it.

As already indicated, the crank drive b has a double-bearing design resistant to deflection. To facilitate installation, the bearings can be separated. The crank drive b is hingedly installed in the middle of the levers 16, which form a kind of double-rocker mechanism. Its right end is hingedly installed on the bearing rack 18, fixed on the crossbar 4. The left end of the double-rocker mechanism (9! is connected to the cutting drive 64. The cutting drive 64 consists, for example, of a hydraulic cylinder and a corresponding hydraulic installation, which with the help of a hydraulic cylinder creates a percussive shear movement, which is transmitted to the lower tool 34 through the double-rocker mechanism 16, crank drive b, connecting rod 58 and bearings 46 on (Che) the lower tool table 32.

The actuation unit of the crank drive 6 - as previously indicated - can contain a servo motor 8, which acts on the crank drive 6 through a gearbox, toothed belt, toothed chain transmission or similar mechanism in a backlash-free design. In this case, the closing and opening of the two-element forming tool 20 corresponds to every 1802 revolutions of the crankshaft. o Already shown in Fig. 1 and 2 rocking levers 38, on which the lower tool table 32 is installed, in the version presented here have side guides 66 of rocking levers, shown in more detail in Fig. 3, made in the form of rollers. Made, for example, in the form of rollers, the side guides 66 of the rocking levers 38 move on the guides, which are not shown in more detail, and are installed with the possibility of backlash-free adjustment for precise guidance of the lower tool 34.

The executive elements for actuating the rocking guide bars 38 of the rocking guide bar device 40 are connecting rods 68 installed on both sides of the lower table 32. The device for producing rocking movement of the lower tool 34 through the rocking guide bars 38 can serve as a crank acting on both rocking 65 guide bars 38 drive 70, which may include, for example, a drive gear servo motor 72 and a synchronizing shaft 74. These details are shown in more detail in Fig. 4 as a section along the line X-X in Fig. 3.

To limit the rocking movement in the frame or in the frame 2, a stop 76 of the rocking lever is provided, shown in Fig.3.

This stop 76 of the rocker arm 38 is designed to ensure accurate positioning of the lower tool 32.

The drive for positioning the upper tool table 28, which can be made, for example, in the form of a micro-drive, serves not only to adjust the vertical stroke, but can also be used to turn on or off the vertical stroke. In Figures 1 and 2, only fragmentarily shown adjusting screws 78 can be actuated, for example, from the gear motor 84 through the worm gears 80 and the synchronizing shaft 82.

In the variant presented in Fig. 1-5, the compensators 54 of the gap in the thread, made for example in the form of 7/0 pneumatic bellows cylinders, pull the tool table 28 up through the rods, not shown in more detail, in order to avoid side gaps between screws and nuts.

As shown in more detail in Fig. 2, the installation contains a node of 86 punches. The node 86 punches, among other things, in the presented version contains a drive 88 punches made in the form of a servo motor, which is connected to the plate 90 punches and installed on it through a toothed belt transmission and a planetary-screw transmission with nuts and removable couplings, not shown in more detail in Fig. 2 punches 92. At the same time, the punches drive can also contain a highly dynamic servo motor.

In the alternative version of the punch drive unit 86 shown in Fig. 1, it may contain a console 94 on which a hydraulic cylinder 96 is mounted, which serves as a punch drive. The console 94 with the hydraulic cylinder moves linearly with the upper tool table 28. Thus, the distance between the hydraulic cylinder 96 and the upper tool table 28 always remains constant. The hydraulic cylinder 96 is surrounded by the housing 98, thanks to which, even with a slight leakage, the hydraulic oil will not escape. The connecting rod 100 is pivotally mounted on the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 96, as shown in Fig, and the opposite end of the hydraulic cylinder 96 is pivotally connected to the right end of the rocker arm 102.

The lever 102 with the possibility of swinging is mounted on a bearing 104. The bearing 104 is mounted on a rack, which in turn is fixed on the upper tool table 28. At the left end of the swinging lever 102, a pressure connecting rod 106 is hingedly mounted, connected to the plate 90 with punches 92. The hydraulic cylinder for (8) actuating the punches 92 may contain a servo control unit, with the help of which it is possible to programmatically control the amount of travel of the cylinder 96. The necessary hydraulic unit may be placed in the lower part of the installation. The connecting rod 106 can be connected to the punch plate 90 through a compensating coupling. Gee!

The housing 98 for the hydraulic cylinder 96 serves not only to protect against possible leakage of hydraulic oil, but may also contain a servo control unit and sensors for detecting possible oil leakage, as well as means for its removal. This is also true for hydraulic pipelines. yu

As shown in Fig. 2, the thermoforming plant 1 according to the invention can be equipped with a slip device 108, which accepts the manufactured molded products after being pushed out of the cavities and

From the LOWER tool 34, stacks them and takes them away. For this purpose, the slipway device 108 may contain, for example, a grid 110 for transporting pushed-out molded products.

The form of execution of the thermoforming unit according to the invention, for example, presented on

Fig. 1-5, shown in Fig. 6-38 in a schematically simplified three-dimensional view, for clarity limited mainly by moving structural elements. At the same time, the same or equally or similarly acting "

Structural elements for simplification have the same positional designations as in the previous description. in c Fig. b6 schematically presents the creation of reciprocating movement of the lower tool 34. In the depicted position, the lower tool 34 is distant from the upper tool 30. It can be seen; three rows of cavities 112 with molded products 114 placed in them. The arrow 116 indicates the downward linear movement of the lower tool 34 or the lower tool table 32. At the same time, the tool table 32 is installed between the rocking linear guides 38. The arrow 118 indicates the drive rotation of the servo-electric drive to ensure rectilinear translational and reciprocating movement of the lower tool 34 relative to the rocking guides 38.

Ш- The cutting cylinder 64 through the rod 120 and the shaft 122 is connected to both levers 16, which form a double-rocker mechanism for transferring the cutting stroke to the lower tool 34, as shown in Fig. 7 by arrows 5ro 0124 1 126. Thanks to this, the molded products are ready 114 can be cut from plastic film 50, not shown in more detail.

Ge) is actuated by the stationary eccentric element 62 of the drive crankshaft 6 and the stationary rocking crank drive 70.

The crank drive 6 transmits the force for raising and lowering the lower tool table 32, that is, for closing and opening the forming tool 20 through the M-shaped connecting rod 58 to the lower tool table 32. At the same time, the arms 64 of the connecting rod 58 have a small distance between the supports.

Ф) As it was already indicated above, Fig. 7 schematically illustrates the development of a vertical stroke. Accordingly, Fig. 8 schematically shows the production of rocking movement in a simplified manner.

At the same time, the servo-electric drive 70 serves to produce rocking movement of the guides 38 with the linearly movable lower tool 34. This is indicated by arrows 128 and 130.

Thus, according to the invention, for the first time, a thermoforming plant for the production of molded products from plastic film, such as cups, bottles, lids, food packaging, etc., which has a technological position of plastic molding equipped with a two-element molding tool, has been advantageously developed. The two-element forming tool has an adjustable upper tool table 65 with an upper tool in which the punches are movably mounted, and a lower tool table movably mounted with a lower tool in which the cavities for forming products are made. The movable lower table is moved up and down relative to the upper table with the help of a drive device and a guide device. At the same time, according to the invention, the guiding device for the first time contains a rocking slat guide node, with the help of which the lower tool table can perform forward-reciprocal rectilinear movement and rocking movement together with this guide node.

In addition, this invention relates to a method of manufacturing molded products from plastic film.

Along with the already described advantages and aspects of the thermoforming installation according to the invention, the method provides the following further advantages:

When closing and opening the forming tool, the lower tool and the lower tool table 7/0 do not perform any folding movement. This provides a more precise movement of the tool table than according to the prior art. In addition, it is much easier to control a large mass in a linear movement than in a rollover, which can only be performed by complexly controlled rotational oscillations. Such alternating forces of inertia in the solutions known from the state of the art require the use of additional complementary disk cams, which leads to a further negative increase in construction costs. On the other hand, the crank drive proposed in the corresponding inventive thermoforming unit can perceive inertial forces in both directions, so they are easier to control thanks to this. In addition, the crank drive forms an almost sinusoidal speed profile. The advantage of such a speed profile is the absence of sharp accelerations or decelerations during movements of the lower tool. Due to the fact that the connecting rod of the crank drive has a triangular or MU-like shape, and is connected to the lower 2o tool table from below, it is ensured not only a slight, close to zero deflection of the lower tool table, but also the sufficiency of one single crank drive. To throw out the finished molded products, the lower tool is deflected to the side with a large radius by means of a rocking guide device. This provides not only the already described advantages, but also allows you to abandon the catch plate, considered according to the state of the art as a necessary disadvantage. In addition, the sled device or sled box can be made stationary. This gives a significant simplification of the design. In addition, in contrast to known from the prior art disk cams with lifting noses, the use of a separate hydraulic lifting drive provides shock lifting movement. This contributes to the long downtime of the cutting tool. A further advantage is that with the impact punching movement, a punching time of not only less than 1/10 s, but even less than ZOms can be achieved. Gee! In the corresponding inventive thermoforming unit, plastic films made of polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile-butadienestyrene /--: OR polyvinyl chloride can be processed. The plastic film supplied to the thermoforming unit in the form of a film sheet can have a width from 250 mm to 750 mm and a thickness from 0.3 mm to 4 mm. The forming surface between the upper and lower tools has dimensions of at least 700 mm x 450 mm. The maximum effort of

The closing force is at least 400kN with a maximum cutting line length of at least 8400mm. uh-

List of positional designations 1 Thermoforming unit 2 Frame or frame 4 Lower cross member 6 Crank drive 8 Electric servo motor « 10 Belt ssh s 12 Belt pulley and 14 Belt pulley "» 16 Lever 18 Bearing rack 20 Two-element forming tool - and 22 24 Upper cross member

Ше 26 Drive for adjusting the upper instrument table «сl 28 Upper instrument table

ZO Upper instrument o 32 Lower instrument table

Ge) 34 Lower tool 36 Linear guide of the lower tool table 38 Rocker guide bar 40 Rocker bar guide unit 42 Guide device iF) 44 Ejector drive ko 46 Upper connecting rod bearing 48 Chain conveyor in 50 Plastic film 52 Linear guide of the upper tool table 54 Gap compensator in threads 56 Ejector 58 Connecting rod 65 60 Lower part of the connecting rod 62 Eccentric element of the crankshaft

63 Shoulder 64 Vertical drive 66 Side guide of rocker arm 68 Connecting rod 70 Crank rocker drive 72 Drive gear servo motor 74 Synchronizing shaft 76 Rocker arm stop 70 78 Adjusting screw 80 Worm gear 82 Synchronizing shaft 84 Gear motor 86 Punch assembly 88 Punch drive 90 Punch plate 92 Punch 94 Console for driving punches 96 Hydraulic cylinder 98 Body 100 Connecting rod 102 Rocker arm 104 Rocker arm bearing 106 Connecting rod sch 108 Escalator device 110 Grille i) 112 Cavity 114 Molded product 116 Arrow; symbolizes the linear movement of Ge! from 118 Arrow; symbolizes the rotation of the crank drive 120 Rod - 122 Shaft and 124 Arrow; symbolizes the celestial course 126 Arrow; symbolizes the eternal movement of her- 128 Arrow; symbolizes the rotation of the rocking drive i- 130 Arrow; symbolizes the swaying of the guide

Claims (18)

The formula of the invention is 1. A thermoforming unit (1) for the production of molded products from plastic film (50), such as cups, bottles, lids, packaging for food products or similar products, which is equipped with a two-element molding tool (20) technological position of plastic molding, and the two-element molding tool (20) has an adjustable fixed upper tool table (28) with an upper tool (30) in which punches (92) are movably mounted, and a lower -I tool table (32) is movably mounted ) with the lower tool (34) with cavities (112), in which cavities are made for forming products, and the movable lower tool table (32) is installed on the guide device - (42) with the possibility of movement under the action of the drive device relative to the upper tool table (28 ) sl up and down, which is characterized by the fact that the guide device (42) has a rocking slat guide unit (40), on WHICH WITH THE POSSIBILITY for rectilinear movement and deviation, the lower tool table (32) is installed. o 2. Thermoforming unit (1) according to claim 1, which differs in that it contains a frame (2), swinging slatted Ge; the guide unit (40) of the guide device (42) has two hingedly mounted on the frame (2) of the thermoforming unit (1) rocking guide bars (38), between which with the possibility of linear movement to the upper tool table (28) and from it (116) the lower instrument table (32) is installed. 3. Thermoforming installation (1) according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized by the fact that the drive device for the lower tool table (32) is made in the form of a crank drive (b). (F) 4. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the crank drive (6) of the GI is thus placed on the opposite side of the upper tool table (28) of the lower tool table (32) inside the frame (2) of the thermoforming settings (1), which is the axis of the crankshaft, the axis of its eccentric segment (62) at the top dead center, the points of hinged installation of rocking guide bars (38) and the points of hinged connection to the lower table (32) when reaching its top dead center are placed on an imaginary common straight line. 5. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-4, which is characterized by the fact that the eccentric segment (62) of the drive crankshaft (6) is hingedly connected to the lower tool table (32) by the connecting rod (58), preferably in the middle . 6. Thermoforming unit (1) according to claim 5, which is characterized by the fact that the connecting rod (58) has an M-shaped shape, and its two upper arms (64) are hingedly connected to the lower tool table (32) at two points (46) spaced apart. 7. Thermoforming unit (1) according to one of claims 1-6, which differs in that the crank drive (b) contains an electric servo motor (8). 8. Thermoforming unit (1) according to claim 7, which is characterized by the fact that the electric servo motor (8) is connected to the crank drive (6) through belt pulleys (12, 14) and toothed belt (10). 9. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-8, which is characterized by the fact that it is made with the possibility of deflecting the lower tool table (32) in a 7/0 position remote from the upper tool table (28) together with a rocking guide device (38 ) from the frame (2) of the thermoforming unit (1), positioning it relative to the slip device (108) and moving it to and from the slip device (108). 10. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-9, which is characterized by the fact that on the lower tool table (32) pusher drives (44) are installed for moving up and down /5 pushers (56) installed in the lower tool (34) ), preferably between the upper shoulders (63) of the U-shaped connecting rod (58). 11. Thermoforming installation (1) according to one of claims 1-10, which is characterized by the fact that it contains a second drive device installed with the possibility of lifting the lower tool table (32) together with its drive device inside the guide device (42) by a predetermined amount move to perform vertical movement (124, 126). 12. The thermoforming unit (1) according to one of claims 1-11, which is characterized in that the second drive device for carrying out the vertical stroke contains a hydraulic cylinder (64). 13. Thermoforming unit (1) according to one of claims 1-12, which is characterized by the fact that the length of the vertical stroke of the second drive device is from 3 to 10 mm, preferably from 5 to 8 mm, especially preferably from 1.1 to 1 mm, 3 thicknesses of plastic film. 14. A method of manufacturing molded products (114) from plastic film (50), such as cups, bottles, and) lids, food packaging or similar products using a thermoforming unit (1) for manufacturing molded products (114) from plastic film (50), such as cups, bottles, lids, food packaging or the like, which has a plastic molding technological position equipped with a two-element molding tool (20), and the two-element molding tool (20) has an adjustable upper tool table ( 28) with the upper tool (30), in which the punches (92) are movably mounted, and the lower tool table (32) movably mounted with the lower tool (34) with cavities (112), in which cavities are made for forming products, and the movable lower tool table (32) is installed on the guide device (42) with the possibility of moving under the action of the drive device relative to the top of the tool table (28) up and down, which includes the following stages: i- closing the forming tool (20) by guiding the movable lower tool table (32) with the guide device (42) and feeding the lower tool table (32) under the action of the drive device such in such a way that it is able to move towards the upper tooling table (28), making molded products (114) with the forming tool (20) closed, opening the forming tool (20) by guiding the movable lower tooling from the table (32) with a guide device (42) and feeding the lower tool table (32) under the action of the drive device in such a way that it is able to move in the direction from the upper tool table (28), ;" removal of molded products (114), if necessary, to a slipway device (108), which is characterized by the fact that the lower tool table (32) with the help of a rocking guide assembly (40) is rectilinearly directed to close and open the molding tool (20) and together with a guide unit -And deflect (130) to remove molded products (114). 15. The method according to claim 14, which is characterized by the fact that the lower tool table (32) is actuated by means of a drive device made in the form of a crank drive (b). with 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, which is characterized by the fact that the lower tool table (32) in a position remote from the upper tool table (28) is deflected together with the rocking guide device (40) from the frame (2) of the thermoforming unit (1) ), position it relative to the slip device (108) and Ge) move to and from the slip device (108). 17. The method according to one of claims 14-16, which is characterized in that the lower tool table (32) with its drive device inside the drive device (42) with the help of a second drive device is raised and lowered again to create a vertical movement (124, 126) with a predetermined stroke length. 18. The method according to one of claims 14-17, which is characterized by the fact that a thermoforming unit F) (1) is used, made according to at least one of points 1-13. name) 60 b5